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This Romanesque stoup is used to hold holy water found in Roman Catholic churches.

Romanesque Stoup

This Romanesque stoup is used to hold holy water found in Roman Catholic churches.

This Romanesque stoup is used to hold holy water found in Roman Catholic churches.

Romanesque Stoup

This Romanesque stoup is used to hold holy water found in Roman Catholic churches.

This Romanesque stoup is used to hold holy water found in Roman Catholic churches.

Romanesque Stoup

This Romanesque stoup is used to hold holy water found in Roman Catholic churches.

This 12th century stoup is used to hold holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

12th Century Stoup

This 12th century stoup is used to hold holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

This 16th century stoup is used to hold holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

16th Century Stoup

This 16th century stoup is used to hold holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

This 17th century stoup is used to hold holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

17th Century Stoup

This 17th century stoup is used to hold holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

This church stoup is used to store holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

Church Stoup

This church stoup is used to store holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

This modern stoup is used to store holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

Modern Stoup

This modern stoup is used to store holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

This 17th century stoup is made out of silver. It is used to store holy water found in Roman Catholic churches.

17th Century Stoup

This 17th century stoup is made out of silver. It is used to store holy water found in Roman Catholic…

This Egyptian bucket was found in Thebes, Ancient Egypt during the reign of Tutmose III. An Egyptian origin it was used to draw water from the Nile. This type of bucket was typically carried on a yoke (wooden beam between two oxens) to prevent spilling.

Egyptian Bucket from Thebes

This Egyptian bucket was found in Thebes, Ancient Egypt during the reign of Tutmose III. An Egyptian…

East-west section across South Dakota to show the Dakota artesian system. The Dakota sandstone is composed for the most part of well-rounded and well-assorted quartz grains, representing an ancient river and wind-formed sand deposit.

Dakota Artesian System

East-west section across South Dakota to show the Dakota artesian system. The Dakota sandstone is composed…

"In Rom. antiq., bundles of rods, usually of birch, with an ax bound in with them, the blade projecting, borne by lictors before the superior Roman magistrates as a badge of their power over life and limb." -Whitney, 1911

Fasces of a Roman Magistrate

"In Rom. antiq., bundles of rods, usually of birch, with an ax bound in with them, the blade projecting,…

"Fenestella. In Roman Catholic churches, a niche on the south side of an altar, containing the piscina, and frequently also the credence." -Whitney, 1911

Fenestella in the Church of Norrey

"Fenestella. In Roman Catholic churches, a niche on the south side of an altar, containing the piscina,…

"One of an order of beings, the life-principles or geniuses or tutelary spirits of living beings, believed in and reverenced by the ancient Persians, adherents of the Zoroastrian religion. (Also) a name given ... to a symbol seen on monuments of ancient Persian origin, representing a winged circle, with or without a manlike figure in it, hovering over the head of a king or other person, and believed by some to represent his tutelary spirit." -Whitney, 1911

Feloher from Nineveh

"One of an order of beings, the life-principles or geniuses or tutelary spirits of living beings, believed…

Eolian type of cross-bedding in ancient limestones, formed of uniform lime-sand grains south of St. Louis.

Eolian Cross-bedding

Eolian type of cross-bedding in ancient limestones, formed of uniform lime-sand grains south of St.…

Eolian type of cross-bedding in ancient limestones, formed of uniform lime-sand grains south of St. Louis.

Eolian Cross-bedding

Eolian type of cross-bedding in ancient limestones, formed of uniform lime-sand grains south of St.…

Well-rounded quartz grains from ancient eolian rock, enlarged by secondary addition of silica in optical continuity with the old quartz.

Quartz Grains

Well-rounded quartz grains from ancient eolian rock, enlarged by secondary addition of silica in optical…

Diagram of an ancient fissure in fine Upper Silurian limestone, etc., filled with rounded grains of sand, secondarily enlarged, and including fragments of the wall rock.

Fissure in Limestone

Diagram of an ancient fissure in fine Upper Silurian limestone, etc., filled with rounded grains of…

Fragment of the wall rock (limestone) included in an ancient sandstone dike; the rock is shattered and the sand (shaded) injected into the fissures.

Limestone Fragment

Fragment of the wall rock (limestone) included in an ancient sandstone dike; the rock is shattered and…

The edge of the Niagara escarpment. NS, showing the position of the ancient Iroquois Beach (IB) and the relation of the Iroquois level to that of Lake Ontario.

Niagara Escarpment

The edge of the Niagara escarpment. NS, showing the position of the ancient Iroquois Beach (IB) and…

"Forum of Pompeii. A, principal entrance; B, a Corinthian temple; C, the public prison (carcer publicus); D is supposed to have been a horreum, or public granary; E, temple of Venus, the guardian goddess of the city; F, basilica; G, H, I, the curiae, or civil and commercial tribunals; K, a rectangular building which may have served the purpose of a shop for money-changers; L, a portico terminating in an apsis; M, temple of Mercury or Quirinus; N, a building with a large semicircular tribune, which probably constituted the residence of the priests called Augustales." -Whitney, 1911

Forum of Pompeii

"Forum of Pompeii. A, principal entrance; B, a Corinthian temple; C, the public prison (carcer publicus);…

The stairway of the great altar at Pergamon in Ancient Greece shows a frieze. A frieze is a sculpture of an entablature in bas-relief.

Frieze of Altar at Pergamon

The stairway of the great altar at Pergamon in Ancient Greece shows a frieze. A frieze is a sculpture…

"Assyrian Fringes, from ancient bas-reliefs. Fringe: an ornamental bordering formed of short lengths of thread." -Whitney, 1911

Assyrian Fringe

"Assyrian Fringes, from ancient bas-reliefs. Fringe: an ornamental bordering formed of short lengths…

"Assyrian Fringes, from ancient bas-reliefs. Fringe: an ornamental bordering formed of short lengths of thread." -Whitney, 1911

Assyrian Fringe

"Assyrian Fringes, from ancient bas-reliefs. Fringe: an ornamental bordering formed of short lengths…

An illustration of the Roman Colosseum.

Colosseum

An illustration of the Roman Colosseum.

The column of Duilius, Rome.

Column of Duilius

The column of Duilius, Rome.

The Gate of Spoleto, Rome.

Gate of Spoleto

The Gate of Spoleto, Rome.

Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic.

Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus

Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman…

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing five o'clock (5:00).

Clock 5:00

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing five o'clock (5:00).

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 5:10.

Clock 5:10

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 5:10.

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 7:30.

Clock 7:30

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 7:30.

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 2:50.

Clock 2:50

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 2:50.

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 11:15.

Clock 11:15

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 11:15.

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 11:50.

Clock 11:50

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 11:50.

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 2:30.

Clock 2:30

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 2:30.

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 6:40.

Clock 6:40

An illustration of a Roman Numeral clock showing 6:40.

An Egyptian figure wearing a headdress with a snake, is seated on a stool with an ornamental design and looking to the left. The figure is looking at hieroglyphics.

Seated Egyptian Figure with Hieroglyphics Pictured to the Right

An Egyptian figure wearing a headdress with a snake, is seated on a stool with an ornamental design…

Bathing was an important part in Ancient Roman culture and society. In Germany there are These Roman baths varied from simple to exceedingly elaborate structures. In taking a Roman bath, the bather induced sweating by gradually exposing himself to increasing temperatures. To accommodate this ritual, all Roman bathhouses contained a series of rooms which got progressively hotter. Most contained a room just inside the entrance where the bather stored his clothes. After taking a series of sweat and/or immersion baths, the bather returned to the cooler tepidarium (a warm room) for a massage with oils and final scraping with metal implements. Today ruins of Roman baths remain in three German cities, Trier, Baden-Baden, and Baden-Württemberg.

Ancient Roman Baths

Bathing was an important part in Ancient Roman culture and society. In Germany there are These Roman…

The old donjon (tower or keep) of the Godesburg surmounts on the hill of the same name sits but a little distance from Bonn. Some say the hill itself was anciently devoted to the worship of Mercury while others maintain that the early structure known to have stood for was an open court of justice, of German tribes.

Godesburg

The old donjon (tower or keep) of the Godesburg surmounts on the hill of the same name sits but a little…

Strasburg, originally known as Strateburguen in the sixth century, on the first partition of the Frankish territory this ancient city was included in the kingdom of Austria; on the second partition in Lorraine, In the tenth century it belonged to the German emperors, and subsequently became a free city of the empire, until 1681, when it was finally annexed to France.

Ancient Houses in Strasburg

Strasburg, originally known as Strateburguen in the sixth century, on the first partition of the Frankish…

Street scene in Strasburg with public square in the foreground and a church spire in the background.

Street Scene in the City of Strasburg

Street scene in Strasburg with public square in the foreground and a church spire in the background.

View of a village in the Schwartzwald, or Black Forest. The Black Forest stands in the elbow formed by the Rhine river in its course from Schaffhausen to Basle, and from Basle to Mannheim. It is bounded by the plain that borders the river The Neckar River bounds it on the north, while on the east it is limited by the upper part of the same river, and by an imaginary line drawn from the source of the Neckar to Schaffhausen. The Black Forest owes its gloomy name to the dark aspect of its peaks and slopes which is shadowed by pine-trees. On the brightest day the forest's trees still retain their shadow.

Black Forest Village

View of a village in the Schwartzwald, or Black Forest. The Black Forest stands in the elbow formed…

The architectural and ornamental style of the ancient German homes appealed to the storks, who arrived every spring and built their nests on the highest points and chimneys. The building of a nest upon a house by a pair of storks is considered as a presage of good fortune to the inhabitants, and they often suffered great inconvenience rather than drive away the birds. It is known that one man gave up the use of one of his rooms during the winter rather than destroy a nest two storks had built over the aperture of his chimney.

Stork's Nest in Strasburg

The architectural and ornamental style of the ancient German homes appealed to the storks, who arrived…

View of a peasant's house in the Black Forest. The scene includes an ox cart loaded with hay, children playing, and two geese.

Peasant's House in the Black Forest

View of a peasant's house in the Black Forest. The scene includes an ox cart loaded with hay, children…

The original Freiburg Cathedral, was founded by Conrad, Duke of Zaeringen in the 12th Century. The present cathedral completed in 1513, is considered one of the finest specimens of Gothic architecture in Germany. The Cathedral has an impressive steeple reaching to the height of three hundred and sixty five feet above the ground. The interior of the steeple is completely hollow.

Catherdal of Freiburg

The original Freiburg Cathedral, was founded by Conrad, Duke of Zaeringen in the 12th Century. The present…

Archaeological artifacts show that Simonswald was home to farmers as early as 6000 to 3000 BC. Roman settlements date back to 5th century AC, near St. Peter's Barn. Establishing settlements in Simonswald occurred first in the New Stone Age, then was left deserted for 3 thousand years (some suggest cold climate as reason) and re-discovered in the 11th century. Official record first mention dates back to 5. August 1178 when Pope Alexander III confirmed "Sigmanswald" as property of Monastery St Margarethen, Waldkirch; until the 16th century Simonswald was called Sigmanswald.

Simonswald

Archaeological artifacts show that Simonswald was home to farmers as early as 6000 to 3000 BC. Roman…

View of the castle framed by an arch. A landmark of Heidelberg, the castle ruins are among the most important Renaissance structures north of the Alps. The castle has only been partially rebuilt since its demolition in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is served by an intermediate station on the Heidelberger Bergbahn funicular railway that runs from Heidelberg's Kornmarkt to the summit of the Königstuhl. The earliest castle structure was built before 1214 and later expanded into two castles circa 1294; however, in 1537, a lightning-bolt destroyed the upper castle. The present structures had been expanded by 1650, before damage by later wars and fires. In 1764, another lightning-bolt destroyed some rebuilt sections.

Heidelberg Castle Viewed from Terrace

View of the castle framed by an arch. A landmark of Heidelberg, the castle ruins are among the most…

Interior view of Heidelberg Castle with elaborately carved doorway and part of a courtyard.

Interior of Heidelberg Castle

Interior view of Heidelberg Castle with elaborately carved doorway and part of a courtyard.

A landmark of Heidelberg, the castle ruins are among the most important Renaissance structures north of the Alps. The castle has only been partially rebuilt since its demolition in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is served by an intermediate station on the Heidelberger Bergbahn funicular railway that runs from Heidelberg's Kornmarkt to the summit of the Königstuhl. The earliest castle structure was built before 1214 and later expanded into two castles circa 1294; however, in 1537, a lightning-bolt destroyed the upper castle. The present structures had been expanded by 1650, before damage by later wars and fires. In 1764, another lightning-bolt destroyed some rebuilt sections.

Entrance to Heidelberg Castle

A landmark of Heidelberg, the castle ruins are among the most important Renaissance structures north…

A market place in Nuremberg. Nuremberg, a city of the Middle Ages, is filled with works of art of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Nuremberg is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. It is situated on the Pegnitz river and the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal and is Franconia's largest city. It is located about 170 kilometers north of Munich.

Nuremberg

A market place in Nuremberg. Nuremberg, a city of the Middle Ages, is filled with works of art of the…

A church of both Roman and Gothic architectural design. From the wall of the presbytery and extending the height of the first story, is an octagonal projection known as The Choir of St Sebald.

Choir of the Church of St. Sebald

A church of both Roman and Gothic architectural design. From the wall of the presbytery and extending…

St. Sebald is a church of both Roman and Gothic architectural design. On the northern side is the Bride's Door, a work attributed to the fifteenth century. The beauty and the design of this doorway delights us with its various carvings.

Bride's Door at Church of St. Sebald

St. Sebald is a church of both Roman and Gothic architectural design. On the northern side is the Bride's…

Walhalla, or German Temple of Fame and Honor is a neo-classical hall of fame located on the Danube River 10 km east of Regensburg, in Bavaria, Germany. The exterior is a close imitation of the Parthenon (a temple of the Greek goddess Athena), and is constructed of gray marble. It was the idea of 20-year-old Crown Prince Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1807, at a time when the German states were defeated and occupied by Napoleon. It was meant as a place for the commemoration of great figures and events in ethnic German history, at the time covering 1,800 years, beginning with the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9). Whereas the Valhalla of Norse mythology was home to those gloriously slain in battle, Ludwig's Walhalla was intended not only for warriors but also for scientists, writers, clerics and specifically also for women.

Exterior of Walhalla

Walhalla, or German Temple of Fame and Honor is a neo-classical hall of fame located on the Danube River…

Walhalla, or German Temple of Fame and Honor is a neo-classical hall of fame located on the Danube River 10 km east of Regensburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It was the idea of 20-year-old Crown Prince Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1807, at a time when the German states were defeated and occupied by Napoleon. It was meant as a place for the commemoration of great figures and events in ethnic German history, at the time covering 1,800 years, beginning with the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (9 AD). Whereas the Valhalla of Norse mythology was home to those gloriously slain in battle, Ludwig's Walhalla was intended not only for warriors but also for scientists, writers, clerics and specifically also for women. The walls are lined with marble, and the ceiling is very richly gilded and decorated. The busts that are placed in rows along the walls are, as far as possible, likenesses of celebrated Germans deemed worthy of a place in the Temple of Fame.

Interior of Walhalla

Walhalla, or German Temple of Fame and Honor is a neo-classical hall of fame located on the Danube River…

The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and Roman sculptures (hence Glypto-, from the Greek root glyphein, to carve). It was designed by Leo von Klenze in the Neoclassical style, and built from 1816 to 1830.

Glyptothek

The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I…

Falkenstein Castle or Castrum Pfronten is a High Middle Ages castle ruin in the Bavarian Alps, near Pfronten, a town in southern Germany. The ruin's German name is Burg Falkenstein ("Castle Falcon Stone"). At 1,268 meters above sea level, it is Germany's most elevated castle ruin. Originally known as Castrum Pfronten, the stone castle was built approximately 1270-1280 by Count Meinhard II von Tirol on the borders of his land (Tyrol). Because of the unusual situation of the Castle it has been interpreted in historical context as a symbol of opposition to the Duchy of Bavaria. In winter the castle was uninhabitable because of the high altitude at which it is located. The name Castle Falkenstein only came into use in the 15th century. The castle was largely destroyed in the 17th century. King Ludwig II of Bavaria purchased the ruin in 1883 and planned to transform the site into a magnificent fairy tale schloss (formerly schloß). The plans were abandoned upon his death in 1886.

Falkenstein Castle

Falkenstein Castle or Castrum Pfronten is a High Middle Ages castle ruin in the Bavarian Alps, near…

Weierburg, a fine ancient structure produces such a charming effect that every one asks its name. Though the castle has neither high towers nor walls, it bears the proud name of "burg," (meaning an ancient or medieval fortress), and in ancient times may well have been a strong castle. Once the summer residence of the Emperor Maximilian, some of his relics are still preserved there.

Castle of Weierburg

Weierburg, a fine ancient structure produces such a charming effect that every one asks its name. Though…

The collegiate church of St. Peter was built in the Romanesque style in the twelfth century. The burial ground of St. Peter is situated directly south of the church and is the most ancient place of sepulture in Salzburg. In this view, we see the churchyard, situated at the base of an overhanging rock, from which hangs rich and luxurious foliage; before us, in the open space, are monuments in every style of mortuary design, while cowled monks kneel before the ancient symbol of Christianity, or converse together within this sacred enclosure.

Peter's Churchyard in Salzburg

The collegiate church of St. Peter was built in the Romanesque style in the twelfth century. The burial…

Salzburg was a city state in the Roman empire until 1805, when it was conquered by the Austrian army. The city is filled with churches, palaces, burgher houses, and a cathedral displaying every style and modification of architecture from Romanesque to neo-classical.

View of Salzburg

Salzburg was a city state in the Roman empire until 1805, when it was conquered by the Austrian army.…

The Prince Royal of the kingdom of Würtemberg, Germany, built a villa of Italian imitation with open galleries suited to the climate of Naples. Considered his "folly" since the harsh winter climate of Germany would deprive it of its sun and gentle comfort.

Villa of the Prince Royal

The Prince Royal of the kingdom of Würtemberg, Germany, built a villa of Italian imitation with…