A small piece of iron or wood used to fasten a door.

Latch

A small piece of iron or wood used to fasten a door.

A machine-tool for turning or shaping articles of wood, metal, or other material.

Lathe

A machine-tool for turning or shaping articles of wood, metal, or other material.

A splint of wood, with one end dipped in a chemical preparation of phosphorus.

Match

A splint of wood, with one end dipped in a chemical preparation of phosphorus.

A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood.

Plane

A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood.

A screw made of iron, and furnished with a sharp thread, for insertion in wood.

Screw

A screw made of iron, and furnished with a sharp thread, for insertion in wood.

A small cylindrical piece of wood or metal with a border at one or both ends, on which thread is wound; a kind of spool.

Bobbin

A small cylindrical piece of wood or metal with a border at one or both ends, on which thread is wound;…

A saw with a narrow blade set in a strong frame, and used for cutting curved forms from wood.

Bow-saw

A saw with a narrow blade set in a strong frame, and used for cutting curved forms from wood.

A cylinder of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in husbandry and the arts.

Roller

A cylinder of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in husbandry and the arts.

A house or shed in which wood is deposited and sheltered from the weather.

Wood-house

A house or shed in which wood is deposited and sheltered from the weather.

A screw made of iron, and furnished with a sharp thread, for insertion in wood.

Wood Screw

A screw made of iron, and furnished with a sharp thread, for insertion in wood.

A cylindrical piece of wood to roll out paste or dough with.

Rolling-pin

A cylindrical piece of wood to roll out paste or dough with.

"A nerve cell from the brain." — Ritchie, 1918

Neuron

"A nerve cell from the brain." — Ritchie, 1918

"A muscle cell from the stomach." — Ritchie, 1918

Muscle cell

"A muscle cell from the stomach." — Ritchie, 1918

"Young resin gland of fir: <em>a</em>, duct, an intercellular space formed by the separation of the four nucleate cells." &mdash; Coulter, 1910

Resin gland of a fir

"Young resin gland of fir: a, duct, an intercellular space formed by the separation of the…

"Longitudinal section of a Hydra; <em>b</em>, bud which will form a young one; <em>ba</em>, base by which it is attached when not creeping." &mdash; Davison, 1906

Section of a hydra

"Longitudinal section of a Hydra; b, bud which will form a young one; ba, base by…

A wood pewee perched on a branch.

Wood Pewee

A wood pewee perched on a branch.

A small wheeled toy at the top of a small wooden incline.

Toy on ramp

A small wheeled toy at the top of a small wooden incline.

A wooden whistle.

Whistle

A wooden whistle.

A voltaic cell.

Voltaic cell

A voltaic cell.

"Secure the two ends of the wire by double-pointed tacks. Place a small pocket compass upon the block thus wound, and turn the block until the coils of wire are parallel to the needle when the circuit is open. Then pass a current through the coil. The deflection of the needle is much stronger than before, although, owing to the weakening of the cell, the deflection falls off after a time." &mdash; Avery, 1895

Galvanoscope

"Secure the two ends of the wire by double-pointed tacks. Place a small pocket compass upon the block…

"Just as a head of water supplies a hydraulic pressure that causes the liquid to flow through a pipe in spite of friction, so there is an electrical pressure that forces a current through a conductor in spite of its resistance. The unit of electrical pressure is called the volt." &mdash; Avery, 1895

Voltaic cell

"Just as a head of water supplies a hydraulic pressure that causes the liquid to flow through a pipe…

"Simple Daniell cell for closed circuit work." &mdash; Hawkins, 1917

Daniell cell

"Simple Daniell cell for closed circuit work." — Hawkins, 1917

"The wood used for engraving is boxwood, nearly all of which is imported from Turkey." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Wood Engraving

"The wood used for engraving is boxwood, nearly all of which is imported from Turkey." —The Popular…

A vessel usually made out of leather, wood or earthen materials.

Costrels

A vessel usually made out of leather, wood or earthen materials.

A wedge shaped piece of wood or iron used as a wedge for fastening or tightening.

Cotter

A wedge shaped piece of wood or iron used as a wedge for fastening or tightening.

Beavers knawing on wood.

Beavers

Beavers knawing on wood.

"Blood plasma passing out of capillary to feed the body cells." &mdash;Davison, 1910

Capillaries

"Blood plasma passing out of capillary to feed the body cells." —Davison, 1910

A large tree of the order meliaceae, common to tropical America, and noted for its close-grained and hard wood. The tree reaches maturity in a period of 200 years. It attains a height of fifty to ninety feet, with a diameter of from five to twelve feet, and has lofty and spreading branches.

Mahogany

A large tree of the order meliaceae, common to tropical America, and noted for its close-grained and…

The head of a Wood Thrush.

Wood Thrush

The head of a Wood Thrush.

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

"Edward VI, and his Council. From a wood-cut on the title-page of 'Acts of Parliament," A.D. 1551." &mdash;D'Anvers, 1895

Edward VI

"Edward VI, and his Council. From a wood-cut on the title-page of 'Acts of Parliament," A.D. 1551."…

A shrub of the plum family, usually frowing to a height of from six to twelve feet. Its wood is hard and tough, and the young growth is used for walking-sticks.

Sloe

A shrub of the plum family, usually frowing to a height of from six to twelve feet. Its wood is hard…

A magnified portion of an apple leaf. It shows many small sacks grown together. Each of these sacks is a cell.

Apple Leaf

A magnified portion of an apple leaf. It shows many small sacks grown together. Each of these sacks…

This image shows the cross-section of the outer cells of a leaf of pine. S, stoma; E, epidermis; C, cuticle; ST, stereome; and M, Mesophyll Cells.

Pine Leaf

This image shows the cross-section of the outer cells of a leaf of pine. S, stoma; E, epidermis; C,…

This illustration shows a vascular bundle enlarged: x, xylem; v, vessels or ducts; p, phloem; s, sieve tube; ac, accompanying cell; c, cambium; st, stereome.

Vascular Bundle

This illustration shows a vascular bundle enlarged: x, xylem; v, vessels or ducts; p, phloem; s, sieve…

This illustration shows the structure of the thallus of Ricciocarpus: A, section of the thallus, showing the apical cell, x, forming cells that by further division develop into plates of cells separated by air spaces, j. At the left the plates thus formed are seen curving over the apical cell. B, an olderp ortion of the upper part of the thallus. The air spaces, j, are greatly enlarged and the upper cells of the vertical plates have divided, arching over the air spaces but leaving small openings which permit the entrance of air for photosynthesis.

Ricciocarpus

This illustration shows the structure of the thallus of Ricciocarpus: A, section of the thallus, showing…

This illustration shows a diagram of the life history of Ricciocarpus. The upper portion of the figure represents the sexual generation and the lower portion, the asexual. The former generation begins with the formation of the spores, sp, from the mother-cell and ends with the formation of the gametes, g. The asexual generation begins with the gametospore, gm, and ends with the spore mother cells, sm.

Ricciocarpus

This illustration shows a diagram of the life history of Ricciocarpus. The upper portion of the figure…

This illustration shows the germination of the gametospore: A, section of a mature archegonium with canal cells dissolved, thus forming a passageway to the large female gamete, g. B, sectional view of base of archegonium, showing the germinating gametospore in two-cell stage. The perianth, p, is seen growing up about the archegonium. C, later stage in growth of the gametospore. The lower cell shown in B is forming stalk cells, while the outer cell has produced densely granular cells that will later by further division form spore mother cells and elaters.

Gametospore

This illustration shows the germination of the gametospore: A, section of a mature archegonium with…

This illustration shows the flower and sporophylls of Angiosperms: 1, flower of Sedum with leaf-like perianth, p; microsporophylls, s; megasporophylls, c. 2, microsporophyll of the buttercup, showing four-lobed anther and filament. 3, diagram of a cross-section of anther, showing the breaking down of the tissue about the four sporangia and the beginning of the opening of the anther. 4, one of the sporangia from a young anther, as seen in cross-section-m, spore mother cells. The large cells surrounding the mother cells are nourishing cells, known as the tapetum, and disorganize as the spores mature. At the right a mother cell forming four microspores, the upper one being characterisitic of dicotyledons and the lowr of monocotyledons.

Angiosperm

This illustration shows the flower and sporophylls of Angiosperms: 1, flower of Sedum with leaf-like…

This illustration shows stages in the germination of the gametospore of Lepidium, sectional view: A, micropylar end of embryo sac, showing the enlarging gametospore provided with cell wall and attached to wall of sac. B, later growth-s, suspensor; e, embryo cell; en, endosperm cells. C, pro-embryo after first division of embryo cell. D, further divisions of embryo cell, showing formation of an epidermis and a central stem region. E, later growth, two growing regions, the cotyledons, appearing on the sides of the stem. F, plant or embryo, consisting of two cotyledons, c; stem, st, which terminates in the root, r; the endosperm cells, en, are ebing absorbed by the enlarging embryo; s, suspensor.

Lepidium

This illustration shows stages in the germination of the gametospore of Lepidium, sectional view: A,…

This illustration shows a diagram of nervous and cross-striate muscular tissue, showing the mode of connection between nerve fibres and muscle fibres. A, nerve cell (g) connected with muscle fibre (mf.) by nerve fibre (n.f.). The muscle fibre (m.f.) is composed of numerous fibrils (f) which are made up lengthwise of alternating discs of ligter and darker substance. These fibrils are shown more highly magnified in B and C. In B the fibril is uncontracted; in C it is contracted. D, nerve fibre more highly magnified showing a, axis; m, medullary sheath; and s, Schwann's sheath; ax., axon; d, dendron; n, node; n.m., nerve-muscle plate.

Muscular Tissue

This illustration shows a diagram of nervous and cross-striate muscular tissue, showing the mode of…

This is a diagram of transverse section of a Turbellarian through the region of the mouth. d.m., dermo-muscular wall containing longitudinal fibres; ex, excretory system; f, flame cells; g, gut; l.c., lateral nerve cord; m, mouth; m.f., muscle fibres; ph., pharynx; t, testis; u, uterus; y, yolk glands.

Turbellarian

This is a diagram of transverse section of a Turbellarian through the region of the mouth. d.m., dermo-muscular…

This is an illustration of raphide from an Arum, contained in a large cell.

Raphides

This is an illustration of raphide from an Arum, contained in a large cell.

This image shows an ancient pipe organ. A pipe organ is a keyboard instrument that makes its sound by forcing air through wood or metal pipes.

Pipe Organ

This image shows an ancient pipe organ. A pipe organ is a keyboard instrument that makes its sound by…

To graft two plants together using the tongue or whip grafting approach, you must first make a sloping cut in the rootstock with a 'tongue' pointing up. Next you must make a matching cut in the scion wood with a 'tongue' pointing downwards. Finally you join the two, ensuring maximum contact of the cambium layers. Bind with rafia or polythene tape and seal with grafting wax.

Tongue Grafting

To graft two plants together using the tongue or whip grafting approach, you must first make a sloping…

This illustration shows a rock formation that has a tilted strata. a b c d represents a square block of wood, having a graduated arc b c and a plummet hung below a. Placed on the sloping surface A B, the position of the plummet gives the angle of dip.

Tilted Strata

This illustration shows a rock formation that has a tilted strata. a b c d represents a square block…

A single handed striking took with a sharp blade used to cut and split wood.

Stone Hatchet

A single handed striking took with a sharp blade used to cut and split wood.

A toy consisting of a hollow and well balanced piece of wood turned in the shape of an hour glass. It is first placed upon a cord loosely hanging from two sticks held in the hands, and upon being made to rotate by the movement of the sticks it exhibits effects somewhat similar to those of a top.

String Toy

A toy consisting of a hollow and well balanced piece of wood turned in the shape of an hour glass. It…

A popular name for wasps that burrow in the ground, in which th lay their eggs, provisioning each cell with the bodies of other insects, on which the larvae feed after hatching.

Digger Wasp

A popular name for wasps that burrow in the ground, in which th lay their eggs, provisioning each cell…

The electrical symbol for a battery, either storage or dry cells.

Battery

The electrical symbol for a battery, either storage or dry cells.

A sort of iron hook or bar, with one or more sharp fangs or claws at one end, which may be fastened into a piece of wood or other heay article. Used for moving.

Sling Dogs

A sort of iron hook or bar, with one or more sharp fangs or claws at one end, which may be fastened…

A canoe made out of a single piece of wood and carrying a square sail, employed for navigating the marshes and the branches of the mouth of the Ganges.

Doonga

A canoe made out of a single piece of wood and carrying a square sail, employed for navigating the marshes…

The circulation of protoplasm (p) in a cell of the stamen-hair of Tradescania. In the channels the granules move back and forth to the various parts of the cell. The remainder of the cell is filled with cell-sap (s) which in these cells is colored.

Protoplasm

The circulation of protoplasm (p) in a cell of the stamen-hair of Tradescania. In the channels the granules…

Diagram showing the principal parts of the cell and something of the protoplasmic architecture as it might appear while living. a, alveoli or spheres in the foam-work; c, centrosome; cy, cytoplasmic meshwork, containing granules; nu., nucleus; n, nucleolus; v. vacuole; w, cell wall.

Cell

Diagram showing the principal parts of the cell and something of the protoplasmic architecture as it…

Modes of cell reproduction. A, B, and C, stages in the reproduction of the Infusorian, Colpoda, by the breaking up of the protoplasm to form numerous cells. A, encysted stage; B, protoplasm escaping, spores partly formed; C, spores completely separated; D, budding in Chlamydomyxa, a lowly Rhizopod. b, bud; cw., cell wall; m, mother cell; n, nuclear matter; s, spores.

Cell Reproduction

Modes of cell reproduction. A, B, and C, stages in the reproduction of the Infusorian, Colpoda, by the…

"Indirect or mitotic division; A, resting mother nucleus; B, coil stage, with the centrosomes separating; C, D (metaphase), and H, stages in the division of the chromosomes; F, diastroid (anaphase) stage; G and H show the return of the daughter nuclei to the coil and to the resting condition, and division of the cytoplasm, and the formation of the dividing wall: c, centrospheres; cl, chromatin coil; chr, chromosomes; nu., nucleus; n, nucleoius; sp, nuclear spindle; w, cell wall." &mdash; Galloway

Mitotic Division

"Indirect or mitotic division; A, resting mother nucleus; B, coil stage, with the centrosomes separating;…

"Blood corpuscles (human). c, colored; l, leucocytes. The red cells tend to collect in rows with the sides in contact." &mdash; Galloway

Blood Corpuscles

"Blood corpuscles (human). c, colored; l, leucocytes. The red cells tend to collect in rows with the…