ClipArt ETC
A soldier using a sling to cast stones as weapons, known as a funditor.

Slinger

A soldier using a sling to cast stones as weapons, known as a funditor.

An Aquilifer was the Roman soldier in charge of carrying the standard for his unit.

Aquilifer

An Aquilifer was the Roman soldier in charge of carrying the standard for his unit.

A Roman soldier

Soldier

A Roman soldier

A Roman soldier

Soldier

A Roman soldier

A Roman soldier

Soldier

A Roman soldier

A soldier

Soldier

A soldier

A soldier

Soldier

A soldier

Roman soldier with short trousers.

Trousers

Roman soldier with short trousers.

"The following cut represents a Roman clypeus, from the column of Trajan. The projection in the centre was called the <em>umbo</em>, or boss, and sometimes a spike or other prominent excrescence, was placed upon this." — Anthon, 1891

Roman Clypeus

"The following cut represents a Roman clypeus, from the column of Trajan. The projection in the centre…

"The early Greeks used a very short sword, as may be seen from the preceding cut. The ancient Homeric sword had generally a straight, two-edged blade, rather broad, and nearly of equal width from hilt to point." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Greek soldier

"The early Greeks used a very short sword, as may be seen from the preceding cut. The ancient Homeric…

"There appears to have been no essential difference in form between Greek and Roman or Tyrrhenian trumpets. Both were long, straight, bronze tubes, gradually increasing in diameter, and terminating in a bell-shaped aperture." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Roman trumpet

"There appears to have been no essential difference in form between Greek and Roman or Tyrrhenian trumpets.…

British settler and soldier in colonial Massachusetts.

Sir William Pepperrell

British settler and soldier in colonial Massachusetts.

The armor worn by ancient Roman emperors and generals.

Roman soldier

The armor worn by ancient Roman emperors and generals.

An ancient Greek soldier.

Greek soldier

An ancient Greek soldier.

"Figure of a fallen warrior, represented among the sculptures now at Munich, belonging to the temple in Aegina. In consequence of the bending of the knees, the greaves are seen to project a little above them. The statue also shows very distinctly the ankle-rings." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Fallen soldier

"Figure of a fallen warrior, represented among the sculptures now at Munich, belonging to the temple…

Greek soldier with sling.

Sling

Greek soldier with sling.

"This was a small round shield, made of the hide ofa quadruped." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Targe

"This was a small round shield, made of the hide ofa quadruped." — Anthon, 1891

"In the Homeric times, the Greeks used a belt for the sword, and another for the shield. These passed over the shoulders and crossed upon the breast. The shield-belt lay over the other, and was the larger and broader of the two. This mode of carrying the shield was subsequently laid aside, on account of its inconvenience. The later method is shown." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Greek with shield

"In the Homeric times, the Greeks used a belt for the sword, and another for the shield. These passed…

"Carry the hand to the shoulder; rapidly thrust the hand upward the full extent of the arm several times." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Halt

"Carry the hand to the shoulder; rapidly thrust the hand upward the full extent of the arm several times."…

"The hand on the side toward which the change of direction is to be made is carried across the body to the opposite shoulder, forearm horizontal; then swing in a horizontal plane, arm extended, pointing in the new direction." — Moss, 1914

Change Direction Signal

"The hand on the side toward which the change of direction is to be made is carried across the body…

"Raise both arms laterally until horizontal." — Moss, 1914

As Skirmishers, March Signal

"Raise both arms laterally until horizontal." — Moss, 1914

"Raise both arms laterally until horizontal; swing both simultaneously upward until vertical and return to the horizontal; repeat several times." — Moss, 1914

As Skirmishers, Guide Center, March Signal

"Raise both arms laterally until horizontal; swing both simultaneously upward until vertical and return…

An American soldier, politician, and lawyer.

Benjamin Franklin Butler

An American soldier, politician, and lawyer.

"Raise both arms laterally until horizontal; hold the arm on the side of the guide steadily in the horizontal position; swing the other upward until vertical and return it to the horizontal; repeat several times." — Moss, 1914

As Skirmishers, Guide Right (Left), March Signal

"Raise both arms laterally until horizontal; hold the arm on the side of the guide steadily in the horizontal…

"Raise the arm vertically to its full extent and describe horizontal circles." — Moss, 1914

Assemble, March

"Raise the arm vertically to its full extent and describe horizontal circles." — Moss, 1914

"To announce range, extend the arm towar the leaders or men for whom the signal is intended, fist closed; by keeping the fist closed battle sight is indicated." — Moss, 1914

Range or Change Elevation

"To announce range, extend the arm towar the leaders or men for whom the signal is intended, fist closed;…

U. S. soldier who served in the Spanish-American War and the Civil War.

Nelson A. Miles

U. S. soldier who served in the Spanish-American War and the Civil War.

"Raise and hold the forearm steadily in a horizontal position in front of the forehead, palm of the hand to the front." — Moss, 1914

Suspend Firing

"Raise and hold the forearm steadily in a horizontal position in front of the forehead, palm of the…

"Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left knee slightly bent; clasp the hands, without constriant, in front of the center of the body, fingers joined, left hand uppermost, left thumb clasped by the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, preserve silence and steadiness of position." — Moss, 1914

Parade Rest

"Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left knee slightly bent; clasp the hands, without…

At the command right, turn the head to the right oblique, eyes fixed on the line of eyes of the men in, or supposed to be in, the same rank." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Eyes right

At the command right, turn the head to the right oblique, eyes fixed on the line of eyes of the men…

"Raise the right hand smartly till the tip of the forefinger touches the lower part of the headdress above the right eye, thumb and fingers extended and joined, palm to the left, forearm inclined at about 45 degrees, hand and wrist straight; at the same time look toward the person saluted." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Salute

"Raise the right hand smartly till the tip of the forefinger touches the lower part of the headdress…

"In resuming the order from any position in the manual, the motion next to the last concludes with the butt of the piece about 3 inches from the ground, barrel to the rear, the left hand above and near the right, steadying the piece, fingers extended and joined, forearm and wrist straight and inclining downward, all fingers of the right hand grasping the piece." — Moss, 1914

Soldier with Rifle

"In resuming the order from any position in the manual, the motion next to the last concludes with the…

"The butt rests evenly on the ground, barrel to the rear, toe of the butt on a line with toe of, and touhcing, the right shoe, arm and hands hanging naturally right hand holding the piece between the thumb and fingers." — Moss, 1914

Order Arms Standing

"The butt rests evenly on the ground, barrel to the rear, toe of the butt on a line with toe of, and…

"With the right hand carry the piece in front of the center of the body, barrel to the rear and vertical, grasp it with the left hand at the balance, forearm horizontal and resting against the body. Grasp the small of the stock with the right hand." — Moss, 1914

Present Arms

"With the right hand carry the piece in front of the center of the body, barrel to the rear and vertical,…

"With the right hand raise and throw the piece diagonally across the body, grasp it smartly with both hands, the right, palm down, at the small of the stock, the left, palm up, at the balance; barrel up, sloping to the left and crossing opposite the junction of the neck with the left shoulder." — Moss, 1914

Port Arms

"With the right hand raise and throw the piece diagonally across the body, grasp it smartly with both…

"Without changing the grasp of the right hand, place the piece on the right shoulder, barrel up and inclined at an angle of about 45 degrees from the horizontal trigger guard in the hollow of teh shoulder, right elbow near the side, the piece in a vertical plane perpendicular to the front." — Moss, 1914

Right Shoulder, Arms

"Without changing the grasp of the right hand, place the piece on the right shoulder, barrel up and…

"Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left knee slightly bent; carry the muzzle in front of the center of the body, barrel to the left; grasp the piece with the left hand just below the stacking swivel, and with the right hand below and against the left." — Moss, 1914

Parade Rest with Rifle

"Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left knee slightly bent; carry the muzzle in front…

"Raise the piece, right arm slightly bent, and incline the muzzle forward so that the barrel makes an angle of about thirty degrees with the vertical. When it can be done without danger or inconvenience to others, the piece may be grasped at the balance and the muzzle lowered until the piece is horizontal; a similar position in the left hand may be used." — Moss, 1914

Trail Arms

"Raise the piece, right arm slightly bent, and incline the muzzle forward so that the barrel makes an…

"Carry the left hand smartly to the small of the stock, forearm horizontal, palm of hand down, thumb and fingers extended and joined, forefinger touching end of cocking piece, look toward the person saluted." — Moss, 1914

Rifle Salute

"Carry the left hand smartly to the small of the stock, forearm horizontal, palm of hand down, thumb…

"Carry the left hand smartly to the right side, palm of the hand down, thumb and fingers extended and joined, forefinger against piece near the muzzle; look toward the person saluted." — Moss, 1914

Rifle Salute

"Carry the left hand smartly to the right side, palm of the hand down, thumb and fingers extended and…

"At the second command take the position of arms. Seize the bolt handle with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, turn the handle up, draw the bolt back, and glance at the chamber. Having found the chamber empty, or having emptied it, raise the head and eyes to the front." — Moss, 1914

Inspection Arms

"At the second command take the position of arms. Seize the bolt handle with the thumb and forefinger…

"Each even number of the front rank grasps his piece with the left hand at the upper band and rests the butt between his feet." — Moss, 1914

Stack Arms

"Each even number of the front rank grasps his piece with the left hand at the upper band and rests…

"Throws the butt about 2 feet in advance of that of his own piece and opposite the right of the interval, the right hand slipping to the upper band, the thumb and forefinger raising the stacking swivel, which he engages with that of his own piece." — Moss, 1914

Stack Arms

"Throws the butt about 2 feet in advance of that of his own piece and opposite the right of the interval,…

"Each odd number of the front rank raises his piece with the right hand, carries it well forward, barrel to the front; the left hand, guiding the stacking swivel." — Moss, 1914

Stack Arms

"Each odd number of the front rank raises his piece with the right hand, carries it well forward, barrel…

"He then turns the barrel outward into the angle formed by the other two pieces and lowers the butt to the ground, to the right and against the toe of his right shoe." — Moss, 1914

Stack Arms

"He then turns the barrel outward into the angle formed by the other two pieces and lowers the butt…

"Each even number of the front rank diengages and detaches his piece by turning it to the left." — Moss, 1914

Take Aarms

"Each even number of the front rank diengages and detaches his piece by turning it to the left." —…

"Kneel on right knee, sitting as nearly as possible on the right heel; left forearm across left thigh; piece remains in position of order arms, right hand grasping it above lower band." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Kneel

"Kneel on right knee, sitting as nearly as possible on the right heel; left forearm across left thigh;…

"Kneel, but with right knee against left hand." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Kneel

"Kneel, but with right knee against left hand." — Moss, 1914

"Carry back the left foot and lie flat on the belly, inclining the body about 35 degree to the right." — Moss, 1914

Lie Down

"Carry back the left foot and lie flat on the belly, inclining the body about 35 degree to the right."…

"Carry back the left foot and lie flat on the belly, inclining the body about 35 degree to the right." — Moss, 1914

Lie Down

"Carry back the left foot and lie flat on the belly, inclining the body about 35 degree to the right."…

"At the command load each front-rank man or skirmisher faces half right and carries the right foot to the right, about one foot." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Load

"At the command load each front-rank man or skirmisher faces half right and carries the right foot to…

"With the right hand he turns and draws the bolt back." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Load

"With the right hand he turns and draws the bolt back." — Moss, 1914

"Carries the hand to the small of the stock." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Load

"Carries the hand to the small of the stock." — Moss, 1914

"Each rear rank moves to the right foot, takes a similar position opposite the interval to the right of his front rank man, muzzle of the piece extending beyond the front rank and loads."

Load

"Each rear rank moves to the right foot, takes a similar position opposite the interval to the right…

"If kneeling or sitting, the position of the piece is similar; if kneeling, the left forearm rests on the left thigh." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Kneeling

"If kneeling or sitting, the position of the piece is similar; if kneeling, the left forearm rests on…

"If sitting the elbows are supported by the knees." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Sitting

"If sitting the elbows are supported by the knees." — Moss, 1914

"If lying down, the left hand steadies and supports the piece at the balance, the toe of the butt resting on the ground, the muzzle off the ground." — Moss, 1914

Lying Down

"If lying down, the left hand steadies and supports the piece at the balance, the toe of the butt resting…

"At the command <em>ready</em> turn the safety lock to the 'ready'." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Ready

"At the command ready turn the safety lock to the 'ready'." — Moss, 1914

"At the command <em>aim</em> raise the piece with both hands and support the butt firmly against the hollow of the right shoulder." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Aim

"At the command aim raise the piece with both hands and support the butt firmly against the…

"Left eye closed, right eye looking through the notch of the rear sight so as to perceive the object aimed at it." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Aim

"Left eye closed, right eye looking through the notch of the rear sight so as to perceive the object…