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Diagrammatic representation of the submaxillary gland of the dog with its nerves and blood vessels. Labels: sm. gld., the submaxillary gland into the duct (sm. d.) of which a cannula has been tied. The sublingual gland and duct are not proceeding from the facial nerve, becoming conjoined with the lingual at n.l'., and afterwards diverging and passing to the gland along the duct; sm. gl., submaxillary ganglion with its roots; n. l., the lingual nerve proceeding to the tongue; a. car., the carotid artery. two branches of which, a. sm. a. and r. sm. p. pass to the anterior and posterior parts of the gland; v. sym., the conjoined vagus and sympathetic trunks; gl. cer. s., the superior cervical ganglion, two branches of which forming a plexus, a.f., over the facial artery are distributed (n.sym.sm.) along the two glandular arteries to the anterior and posterior portion of the gland. The arrows indicate the direction taken by the nervous impulses; during reflex stimulations of the gland they ascend to the brain by the lingual and descend by the chorda tympani.

Submaxillary Gland of Dog with Nerves and Blood Vessels

Diagrammatic representation of the submaxillary gland of the dog with its nerves and blood vessels.…

Diagrammatic representation of the nerves of the alimentary canal. Oe to Rct, the various parts of the alimentary canal from esophagus to rectum: L.V, left vagus, ending in front of stomach; rl, recurrent laryngeal nerve, supplying upper part of esophagus; R.V, right vagus, joining left vagus in esophageal plexus; oe.pl., supplying the posterior part of the stomach , and continues at R'V' to join the solar plexus, here represented by a single ganglion, and connected with the inferior mesenteric ganglion m.gl.: a, branches from the solar plexus to stomach and small intestine , and from the mesenteric ganglia and rami communicantes; r.c., belonging to dorsal nerves from the 6th to the 9th (or 10th); Spl.min., small splanchnic nerve similarly from the 10th and 11th dorsal nerves. These both join the solar plexus, and thence make their way to the alimentary canal; c.r., nerves from the ganglia, &c., belonging to 11th and 12th dorsal and 1st and 2nd lumbar nerves, proceeding to the inferior mesenteric ganglia (or plexus), m.gl., and thence by the hypogastic nerve, n.hyp., and the hypogastric nerve, n.hyp., and the hypogastric plexus, pl.hyp., to the circular muscles of the rectum; 1.r., nerves from the 2nd and 3rd sacral nerves, S.2, S.3 (nervi erigentes) proceeding by the hypogastric plexus to the longitudinal muscles of the rectum.

Nerves of the Alimentary Canal

Diagrammatic representation of the nerves of the alimentary canal. Oe to Rct, the various parts of the…

The liver is made up of small roundish or oval portions called lobules, each of which is composed of minute branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic duct, and hepatic vein. Shown is the capillary network of the lobules of the rabbit's liver. The figure is taken from a very successful injection of the hepatic veins showing nearly the whole of two lobules, and parts of three others. Labels: p, portal branches running in the interlobular spaces; h, hepatic veins penetrating and radiating from the center of the lobules.

Capillary Network in the Lobules of a Rabbit's Liver

The liver is made up of small roundish or oval portions called lobules, each of which is composed of…

Three laryngoscopic view of the superior aperture of the larynx and surrounding parts. Labels: A, the glottis during the emission of a high note in singing; B, in easy and quite inhalation of air; C, in the state of widest possible dilation, as in inhaling a very deep breath. The diagrams A', B', and C', show in horizontal sections of the glottis in position of the vocal ligaments and arytenoid cartilages in the three several states represented in the other figures. In all the figures, so far as marked, the letters indicate the parts as follows, viz. : l, the base of the tongue; e, the upper free part of the epiglottis; e', the tubercle or cushion of the epiglottis; p h, part of the anterior all of the pharynx behind the larynx; in the margin of the aryteno-epiglottisdean fold w, the swelling of the membrane caused by the cartilages of Wrisberg; s. that of the cartilages of Santorini: a, the tip or summit of the arytenoid cartilages; c v, the true vocal cords r lips of the rima glottidis; c v s, the superior or false vocal cords; between them the ventricle of the larynx; in C, tr, is placed on the anterior wall of the receding trachea, and b indicated the commencement of the two bronchi beyond the bifurcation which may be brought into view in this state of extreme dilation.

Movement of the Vocal Cords

Three laryngoscopic view of the superior aperture of the larynx and surrounding parts. Labels: A, the…

Plan in outline of the encephalon, as seen from the right side. The parts are represented as separated from one another somewhat more than natural, so as to show their connections. A, cerebrum; f, g, h, its anterior middle, and posterior lobes; e, fissure of Sylvius; B, cerebellum; C, pons Varolii; D, medulla oblongata; a, peduncles of the cerebellum; C, pons Varolii; D, medulla oblongata; A, peduncles of the cerebrum; b, c, d, superior, middle, and inferior peduncles of the cerebellum.

Outline of the Encephalon

Plan in outline of the encephalon, as seen from the right side. The parts are represented as separated…

This Toilet-stand clock-case was made during the German Renaissance in 1597. A slender tall cabinet, the upper and lower parts of which are provided with doors, which holds various necessary objects, while the center takes the form of a niche. Inside the niche hangs a metal water-reservoir with a lid and a drain. It also includes metal wrought-iron towel-holders.

Toilet-Stand Clock-Case

This Toilet-stand clock-case was made during the German Renaissance in 1597. A slender tall cabinet,…

This Toilet-stand clock-case was made during the German Renaissance. Made of various colored wood, it was a slender tall cabinet where the upper and lower parts included doors, which holds various necessary objects. The center takes the form of a niche and inside the niche hangs a metal water-reservoir with a lid and a drain. It also includes metal wrought-iron towel-holders.

Toilet-Stand Clock-Case

This Toilet-stand clock-case was made during the German Renaissance. Made of various colored wood, it…

The cerebellum in section and fourth ventricle, with the neighboring parts. Labels: 1, median groove of fourth ventricle, ending below in the calamus scriptorius, with the longitudinal eminence formed by the fasciculi teretes, one on each side; 2, the same groove, at the place where the white streaks of th auditory nerve emerge from it to cross the floor of the ventricle; 3, in inferior crus or peduncle of the cerebellum, formed by the restiform body; 4, posterior pyramid; above this is the calamus scriptorius; 5, superior crus of cerebellum, or processus e cerebello ad cerebrum( or ad testes); 6, fillet to the side of the crura cerebri; 7, lateral grooves of the crura cerebri; 8, corpora quadrigemina.

The Cerebrum and Fourth Ventricle of the Brain

The cerebellum in section and fourth ventricle, with the neighboring parts. Labels: 1, median groove…

"Protonemata of a moss bearing young gametophyte buds." -Gager, 1916

Moss Protonemata

"Protonemata of a moss bearing young gametophyte buds." -Gager, 1916

"Hair-cap moss (Polytrichum commune). A, male plant; B, same, proliferating; C, female plant, bearing sporogonium; D, same; g, gametophyte; s, seta; c, capsule; o, operculum; a, calyptra, E, top view of male plant." -Gager, 1916

Hair-Cap Moss

"Hair-cap moss (Polytrichum commune). A, male plant; B, same, proliferating; C, female plant, bearing…

"A moss (Tetraphis sp.), showing gemmae; G, a gemma enlarged." -Gager, 1916

Moss Gemmae

"A moss (Tetraphis sp.), showing gemmae; G, a gemma enlarged." -Gager, 1916

"Anthoceros fusiformis. Portion of lamellate, cristate thallus, which easily retains water." -Gager, 1916

Anthoceros fusiformis

"Anthoceros fusiformis. Portion of lamellate, cristate thallus, which easily retains water." -Gager,…

"A leafy liverwort (Porella navicularis). Male plant, about natural size." -Gager, 1916

Leafy Liverwort

"A leafy liverwort (Porella navicularis). Male plant, about natural size." -Gager, 1916

"Bread mold (Rhizopus nigricans). A, older plant; myc, mycelia; sph, sporangiophore; sp, sporangium; st, stolon produced by A, and giving rise at its tip to a new plant, B." -Gager, 1916

Bread Mold

"Bread mold (Rhizopus nigricans). A, older plant; myc, mycelia; sph, sporangiophore; sp, sporangium;…

"Cissus laciniata, parasitic on the cactus (Opuntia Blakeana). The parasitism was artificially induced (xeno-parasitism). The host plant has been sectioned to expose the roots of the xeno-parasite." -Gager, 1916

Parasitic Plant

"Cissus laciniata, parasitic on the cactus (Opuntia Blakeana). The parasitism was artificially induced…

"Dog's-tooth violet (Erythronium americanum). Stages of development from the seed. 1-5 show the stage of development in each of five successive years. Full explanation in the text. 6, Bulb showing a surface bud (the sprout has been destroyed)." -Gager, 1916

Dog's-Tooth Violet Stages

"Dog's-tooth violet (Erythronium americanum). Stages of development from the seed. 1-5 show the stage…

"Morphology of typical monocotyledonous plant. A, leaf, parallel-veined; B, portion of stem, showing irregular distribution of vascular bundles; C, ground plan of flower (the parts in 3's); D, top view of flower; E, seed, showing monocotyledonous embryo." -Gager, 1916

Monocotyledonous Morphology

"Morphology of typical monocotyledonous plant. A, leaf, parallel-veined; B, portion of stem, showing…

"Morphology of a typical dicotyledonous plant. A, leaf, pinnately-netted veined; B, portion of stem, showing concentric layers of wood; C, ground-plan of flower (the parts in 5's); D, perspective of flower; E, longitudinal section of seed, showing dicotyledonous embryo." -Gager, 1916

Dicotyledonous Morphology

"Morphology of a typical dicotyledonous plant. A, leaf, pinnately-netted veined; B, portion of stem,…

"Black mustard (Brassica nigra)." -Gager, 1916

Black Mustard

"Black mustard (Brassica nigra)." -Gager, 1916

The Field or Lesser Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis).

Field Bindweed

The Field or Lesser Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis).

The nightshade or bittersweet (Solanum Dulcamara).

Nightshade

The nightshade or bittersweet (Solanum Dulcamara).

"Sections of flowers of the toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). A, front view; a, anthers; s, stigma; n, nectar-gland. B, side view; o, ovary." -Gager, 1916

Common Toadflax

"Sections of flowers of the toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). A, front view; a, anthers; s, stigma; n, nectar-gland.…

"Toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). Flowers being visited by an insect for nectar. B, longitudinal section, showing the insect's proboscis extended down the spur toward the nectar-gland; C, insect with a mass of pollen (p), rubbed off from anthers onto the dorsal hairs of the thorax, during successive visits." -Gager, 1916

Common Toadflax with Insect

"Toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). Flowers being visited by an insect for nectar. B, longitudinal section,…

"Inflorescence and flowers of the burdock (Arctium minus). a, Inflorescences; b, longitudinal section of the same; c, bud of individual flower; d, mature flower; sty, stigma; stig, style; a, ring of syngenesius anthers; c, corolla; p, pappus (calyx); ov, ovary; e, mature seed." -Gager, 1916

Lesser Burdock

"Inflorescence and flowers of the burdock (Arctium minus). a, Inflorescences; b, longitudinal section…

"Chicory (Cichorium Intybus). A, portion of flowering branch; B, basal leaf (runcinate-pinnatifid); C, median longitudinal section through a head, showing the insertion of the flowers; D, individual flower; E, fruit (ripened ovary), showing the persistent pappus (calyx) of short scales." -Gager, 1916

Common Chicory

"Chicory (Cichorium Intybus). A, portion of flowering branch; B, basal leaf (runcinate-pinnatifid);…

"A composite (Coreopsis sp.). A, B, E, views of the inflorescence or head; C, a ray-flower; D, section through the head; F, a disc-flower in bud; G, disc-flower just opened; H, older disc-flower, the stigmas reflexed; I, disc-flower with corolla removed." -Gager, 1916

Tickseed

"A composite (Coreopsis sp.). A, B, E, views of the inflorescence or head; C, a ray-flower; D, section…

"Floral organs of an orchid (Cattleya sp.). A, the entire flower; sep, sepal; pet, petal; B, column, showing s, stigma and r, the rostellum (beak), with the small glands at the tip; to the glands are attached the four strap-shaped caudicles of the pollinia; C, pollinia, with the four caudicles; below, the gland; D, longitudinal section of the column; p, pollinium; E, the same, enlarged." -Gager, 1916

Orchid Organs

"Floral organs of an orchid (Cattleya sp.). A, the entire flower; sep, sepal; pet, petal; B, column,…

"Wild cliff-cabbage, hypothetical ancestor of the numerous modern horticultural forms." -Gager, 1916

Wild Cliff-Cabbage

"Wild cliff-cabbage, hypothetical ancestor of the numerous modern horticultural forms." -Gager, 1916

"Broccoli (leaves and flowers both used)." -Gager, 1916

Broccoli

"Broccoli (leaves and flowers both used)." -Gager, 1916

Kale or borecole, a variety of wild cabbage.

Kale

Kale or borecole, a variety of wild cabbage.

Kohlrabi or German turnip, a variety of wild cabbage.

Kohlrabi

Kohlrabi or German turnip, a variety of wild cabbage.

"Brussels sprouts (lateral buds used)." -Gager, 1916

Brussels Sprouts

"Brussels sprouts (lateral buds used)." -Gager, 1916

"Common cabbage (a highly developed terminal bud)." -Gager, 1916

Common Cabbage

"Common cabbage (a highly developed terminal bud)." -Gager, 1916

"Cauliflower (flower-buds used)." -Gager, 1916

Cauliflower

"Cauliflower (flower-buds used)." -Gager, 1916

"Diagram illustrating the gradual filling up of lakes by the encroachment of vegetation, and also the stages in the origin of peat and marl deposits in lakes. The several plant associations of the Bog series, displacing one another, belong to the following major groups: (I) O. W., open water succession; (2) M., marginal succession; (3) S., shore succession; (4) B., bog succession, comprising the bog-meadow (Bm), bog-shrub (Bs) and bog-forest (Bf); and (5) M. F., mesophytic forest succession." -Gager, 1916

Lake and Vegetation

"Diagram illustrating the gradual filling up of lakes by the encroachment of vegetation, and also the…

"Top, lateral pinna from a leaf of Marattia jraxinea. Below at left, synangium of same. At right, corss-section of the synangium." -Gager, 1916

Marratia Fern

"Top, lateral pinna from a leaf of Marattia jraxinea. Below at left, synangium of same. At right, corss-section…

"Cycadeoidea dacotensis. Semi-diagrammatic sketch of a flower (bisporangiate cone), cut longitudinally; one sporophyll folded, and one (at the right) arbitrarily expanded. At the center is the apical, cone-shaped receptacle, invested by a zone of short-stalked ovules and inter-seminal scales. The pinnules of the sporophylls bear the compound sporangia (Synangia). Exterior to the flower are several hairy bracts." -Gager, 1916

Cycadeoid

"Cycadeoidea dacotensis. Semi-diagrammatic sketch of a flower (bisporangiate cone), cut longitudinally;…

"Cycadeoidea Wielandi. Longitudinal section through the axis of a female inflorescence, or cone. l, old leaf-base; d, insertion of disc; s, erect seed, borne at summit of seed-pedicle inserted on convex receptacle; b, hair covered bract." -Gager, 1916

Cycadeoid

"Cycadeoidea Wielandi. Longitudinal section through the axis of a female inflorescence, or cone. l,…

A, Magnified view of the head and neck of a human embryo of three weeks. Labels: 1, anterior cerebral vesicle or cerebrum; 2, middle cerebral vesicle; 3, middle or frontonasal process; 4, superior maxillary process, or first visceral arch, and below it the first cleft; 7, 8, 9, second, third, and fourth arches and clefts. B, Anterior view of the head of a human fetus of about the fifth week. 1, 2, 3, 5, the same parts as in A; 4, the external nasal or lateral frontal process: 6, the superior maxillary process; 7, the lower jaw; X, the tongue; 8, first branchial cleft becoming the meatus auditorius externus.

Head of an Embryo

A, Magnified view of the head and neck of a human embryo of three weeks. Labels: 1, anterior cerebral…

Diagram of the aortic arches in a mammal, showing transformations which give rise to the permanent arterial vessels. A, primitive arterial stem or aortic bulb, now divided into A, the ascending part of the aortic arch, and p, the pulmonary; a, a', right and left aortic roots; A', descending aorta; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the five primitive aortic or branchial arches; I, II, III, IV, the four branchial clefts which, for the sake of clearness, have been omitted on the right side. The permanent systemic vessels are deeply, the pulmonary arteries lightly, shaded; the parts of the primitive arches which are transitory are simply outlined; c, placed between the permanent common carotid arteries; c e, external carotid arteries; c i, internal carotid arteries; s, right subclavian, rising from the right aortic root beyond the fifth arch; v, right vertebral from the same, opposite the fourth arch; v' s', left vertebral and subclavian arteries rising together from the left, or permanent aortic root, opposite the forth arch; p, pulmonary arteries rising together from the left fifth arch, forming ductus arteriosus; p n, p n', right and left pneumogastric nerves descending in from of aortic arch, with their recurrent branches represented diagrammatically as passing behind, to illustrate the relations of these nerves respectively to the right subclavian artery (4) and the arch of the aorta and ductus arteriosus (d).

Aortic Arches in a Mammal

Diagram of the aortic arches in a mammal, showing transformations which give rise to the permanent arterial…

Showing the development of the face. F.N.P., Part formed from the frontonasal process; L, from its lateral and M., from its mesial parts; MAX., formed by the maxillary process; MAN., formed by the mandibular process.

Development of the Face

Showing the development of the face. F.N.P., Part formed from the frontonasal process; L, from its lateral…

Orthodiagram of the thorax. The position of parts is shown in extreme inspiration; the position of the diaphragm and liver in expiration is also shown.

Orthodiagram of the Thorax

Orthodiagram of the thorax. The position of parts is shown in extreme inspiration; the position of the…

Condition of parts in extroversion of the bladder.

Bladder

Condition of parts in extroversion of the bladder.

The seed, flower, and leaf of a dandelion.

Dandelion

The seed, flower, and leaf of a dandelion.

"The snare drum, having two heads, the upper one only being played upon by two sticks of wood; strings or snares, are stretched across the lower one, giving a peculiar resonant tone." -Foster, 1921

Snare Drum

"The snare drum, having two heads, the upper one only being played upon by two sticks of wood; strings…

"A flowering plant belonging to the Heath family, closely related to the rhododendron."

Azalea

"A flowering plant belonging to the Heath family, closely related to the rhododendron."

The head of the bald eagle.

Bald Eagle Head

The head of the bald eagle.

"Section through right ear. 1, helix; 2, concha; 3, outer passage; 4, 5, 6, semi-circular canals; 7, oval window; 8, cochlea; 9, Eustachian tube; 10, eardrum." -Foster, 1921

Ear

"Section through right ear. 1, helix; 2, concha; 3, outer passage; 4, 5, 6, semi-circular canals; 7,…

A plant native of the Indies, the plant is used to make castor-oil, which is used as a laxative and as a lubricant for machinery.

Castor-oil Plant

A plant native of the Indies, the plant is used to make castor-oil, which is used as a laxative and…

The cotton plant is a shrub that produces a downy fiber, called cotton. This material is then woven into high quality textiles.

Cotton plant

The cotton plant is a shrub that produces a downy fiber, called cotton. This material is then woven…

"Section through the left eye, closed. 1, lifting muscle; 2, upper straight muscle; 3, optic nerve; 4, fatty cushion; 5, lower straight muscle; 6, vitreous humor; 7, lower cross muscle; 8, lower eyelid; 9, upper eyelid; 10, crystalline lens." -Foster, 1921

Eye Section

"Section through the left eye, closed. 1, lifting muscle; 2, upper straight muscle; 3, optic nerve;…

"Cross-section of the eye. Parts: co, cornea; I, iris; aq, anterior chamber of aqueous humor; L, lens; cp, ciliary process; sc, sclerotic coat; R, retina; ch, choroid; V, vitreous body; m, yellow spot; bs, blind spot; O, optic nerve." -Foster, 1921

Eye Cross-Section

"Cross-section of the eye. Parts: co, cornea; I, iris; aq, anterior chamber of aqueous humor; L, lens;…

"1. Spiny portion of dorsal fin. 2. Soft portion of dorsal fin. 3. Caudal fin. 4. Anal fin. 5. Pectoral fin. 6. Ventral fin. 7. Mandible or lower jaw. 8. Maxillary. 9. Opercle. 10. Cheek and Preopercle. 11. Lateral fin. 12. Snout. 13. Depth." -Foster, 1921

Small-Mouthed Black Bass

"1. Spiny portion of dorsal fin. 2. Soft portion of dorsal fin. 3. Caudal fin. 4. Anal fin. 5. Pectoral…

"Flame. a, area of no combustion. b, area of partial combustion. c, area of complete combustion." -Foster, 1921

Flame Parts

"Flame. a, area of no combustion. b, area of partial combustion. c, area of complete combustion." -Foster,…

The Florida state flower, the orange blossom.

Orange Blossom

The Florida state flower, the orange blossom.

A biplane labeled with its principal parts.

Biplane Parts

A biplane labeled with its principal parts.

"The foot. a, calcaneum; b, astragalus; c, cuboid; d, metatarsal, of which there are five; e, phalanges, of which there are five; f, external cuneiform; g, middle cuneiform; h, scaphoid." -Foster, 1921

Foot Bones

"The foot. a, calcaneum; b, astragalus; c, cuboid; d, metatarsal, of which there are five; e, phalanges,…

"Foxtail grass, the common name given to certain grasses, because of the shape of the large clusters in which the flowers are arranged." -Foster, 1921

Foxtail Grass

"Foxtail grass, the common name given to certain grasses, because of the shape of the large clusters…

A bean plant showing roots, stem, leaves, and beans.

Bean Sprout

A bean plant showing roots, stem, leaves, and beans.

"The turkey is indigenous to America; and it may still be found in some parts of our country in the wild state."

Wild Turkey

"The turkey is indigenous to America; and it may still be found in some parts of our country in the…