Spanish Counting Card featuring illustrations of nine Sandcastles.

Spanish Sandcastle Counting Card 9

Spanish Counting Card featuring illustrations of nine Sandcastles.

Spanish Counting Card featuring illustrations of ten Sandcastles.

Spanish Sandcastle Counting Card 10

Spanish Counting Card featuring illustrations of ten Sandcastles.

An array of multiple illustrations of the portrait side of a U.S. Half Dollar.

Array of Half Dollars

An array of multiple illustrations of the portrait side of a U.S. Half Dollar.

Three Dollars ($3.00) United States coin from 1854. Obverse has a left-facing indian head with a coronet of feathers and band inscribed LIBERTY. Reverse shows the value and date in a wreath of cereals tied with a ribbon in a bow.

Gold Three Dollars Coin, 1854

Three Dollars ($3.00) United States coin from 1854. Obverse has a left-facing indian head with a coronet…

Ten Dollar Bill ($10) Georgia currency from 1776. Image of a palm tree and a stone. Type set with three varieties of borders to each, printed in black and red and copperplate vignettes in various colors.

Paper Money, Ten Dollars Bill, 1776

Ten Dollar Bill ($10) Georgia currency from 1776. Image of a palm tree and a stone. Type set with three…

Five Dollars ($5) South Carolina currency from 1776. Image of a horse surrounded by the inscription - DOMINUM GENEROSA RECUSAT. Wood engraving, rough brown paper.

Paper Money, Five Dollars Bill, 1776

Five Dollars ($5) South Carolina currency from 1776. Image of a horse surrounded by the inscription…

Four Dollars ($4) Virginia currency from 1776. Image is the new Coat of Arms for the State of Virginia.

Paper Money, Four Dollars Bill, 1776

Four Dollars ($4) Virginia currency from 1776. Image is the new Coat of Arms for the State of Virginia.

Views of the stomach. Labels: A. stomach (human). B. Same, anterior wall removed. C. Portion of stomach, pylorus and duodenum. D. Section through coats of stomach. E. Fundus of a cardiac gland. F. Epithelium from surface of stomach. G. Arterie sand veins of mucous membrane. w. Esophagus. 2. Duodenum. 3. Pylorus. $. Cardia. 5. Lesser curvature. 6. Greater curvature. 7. Anterior surface. 8. Pyloric valve. 9. Mucous membrane, with rugae. 10. Inner surface of gastric mucous membrane. 11. Mucous membrane of duodenum with villi. 12. Pyloric gastric glands. 13. Circular or deep muscular fibers. 17. Mucous membrane. 18. Muscularis mucosae. 19. Submucous coat. 20. Circular muscular layer. 21. Longitudinal muscular layer. 22. Serous coat. 23. Orifice of gland. 24. Fundus of gland.

Views of the Stomach

Views of the stomach. Labels: A. stomach (human). B. Same, anterior wall removed. C. Portion of stomach,…

The lead can be sharpened to a chisel edge by rubbing it against a bit of sand paper or a fine file, and the corners slightly rounded.

Sharpened Pencil

The lead can be sharpened to a chisel edge by rubbing it against a bit of sand paper or a fine file,…

The marks created in mud or sand by flowing water, often found in sandstone.

Ripple Marks

The marks created in mud or sand by flowing water, often found in sandstone.

Marks made by water spreading over shells of stones that are lodged in the sand, in this image in Silurian sandstone.

Rill Marks

Marks made by water spreading over shells of stones that are lodged in the sand, in this image in Silurian…

British North Borneo Stamp (5 dollars) from 1887

British North Borneo Five Dollars Stamp, 1887

British North Borneo Stamp (5 dollars) from 1887

Liberia Stamp (5 dollars) from 1892

Liberia, Five Dollars Stamp, 1892

Liberia Stamp (5 dollars) from 1892

"Idealized section through a dome showing sand-filled channels in cross-section, points of accumulation of oil and gas, and direction of migration." -Johnson, 1916

Oil Accumulation

"Idealized section through a dome showing sand-filled channels in cross-section, points of accumulation…

"A reservoir in the geological sense is that portion of a sand-body or other rock in place, with pores of sufficient number and size as to be capable of holding and yielding a commercial quantity of oil or gas if they are present. It includes the whole porous volume whether it contains water, oil or gas." -Johnson, 1916

Reservoir

"A reservoir in the geological sense is that portion of a sand-body or other rock in place, with pores…

"Vertical section through a Gulf Coast salt dome." -Johnson, 1916

Salt Dome

"Vertical section through a Gulf Coast salt dome." -Johnson, 1916

"Profile of a dune, from back to front, showing its relation to the wind. The flow-lines of air are drawn above, with the eddy in front of the dune." -Gilbert, 1910

Dune and Wind

"Profile of a dune, from back to front, showing its relation to the wind. The flow-lines of air are…

"Diagram of the progress of a dune, from a to be. The arrow flies with the wind. A live tree standing before the dune when it is at a will be buried by the advance to b. Another tree, previously killed and still covered by the dune, will be brought to light when it has reached b." -Johnson, 1910

Dune Progress

"Diagram of the progress of a dune, from a to be. The arrow flies with the wind. A live tree standing…

"Beach grass (Ammophila arenaria): a, empty glumes; b, floret; c, palea." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Beach Grass

"Beach grass (Ammophila arenaria): a, empty glumes; b, floret; c, palea." -Department of Agriculture,…

Sea lyme grass, Elymus arenarius.

Sea Lyme Grass

Sea lyme grass, Elymus arenarius.

Bitter panic grass, Panicum amarum.

Bitter Panic Grass

Bitter panic grass, Panicum amarum.

"Creeping panic grass (Panicum repens): a, b, c, spikelets; d, e, f, florets." Department of Agriculture, 1899

Creeping Panic Grass

"Creeping panic grass (Panicum repens): a, b, c, spikelets; d, e, f, florets." Department of Agriculture,…

Seaside oats, Uniola paniculata.

Seaside Oats

Seaside oats, Uniola paniculata.

Seaside blue grass, Poa macrantha.

Seaside Blue Grass

Seaside blue grass, Poa macrantha.

"Redfield's grass (Redfieldia flexuosa): a, spikelet; b, floret; c, flower." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Redfield's Grass

"Redfield's grass (Redfieldia flexuosa): a, spikelet; b, floret; c, flower." -Department of Agriculture,…

"Sand grass (Calamovilfa longifolia): a, spikelet; b, spikelet, empty glumes removed." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Sand Grass

"Sand grass (Calamovilfa longifolia): a, spikelet; b, spikelet, empty glumes removed." -Department of…

"Yellow lyme grass (Elymus flavescens): a, empty glumes; b, spikelet, empty glumes removed." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Yellow Lyme Grass

"Yellow lyme grass (Elymus flavescens): a, empty glumes; b, spikelet, empty glumes removed." -Department…

"Sand blue grass (Poa leckenbyi): a, empty glumes; b, spikelet, empty glumes removed; c, floret; d, palea and stamens; e, pistil." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Sand Blue Grass

"Sand blue grass (Poa leckenbyi): a, empty glumes; b, spikelet, empty glumes removed; c, floret; d,…

"Sand-dunes affecting land-drainage." -Geikie, 1893

Dunes

"Sand-dunes affecting land-drainage." -Geikie, 1893

The image shows different layers of clay, gravel, and sand and how underground waters travel through. HT is the sand surface S is the lowest point where rain water will settle. W is a well that goes as deep as g. O is gravel where water can fill. A and B are artesian wells.

Underground Waters

The image shows different layers of clay, gravel, and sand and how underground waters travel through.…

"Where the sea bottom has a very gentle slope, the waves break at some distance from the shore and the sand they carry is deposited, forming a barrier beach (B) along the line of greatest disturbance. The strip of water inclosed between the land and the barrier beach is called a lagoon (L)." -Dryer, 1901

Barrier Beach

"Where the sea bottom has a very gentle slope, the waves break at some distance from the shore and the…

Of the water-lily family (Nymphaeceae), the sand spurry or Spergularia rubra.

Sand Spurry

Of the water-lily family (Nymphaeceae), the sand spurry or Spergularia rubra.

"Lacerta agilis. General view of the viscera in their naturaal relations. Bl, urinary bladder; Ci, post-caval vein; ED, rectum; GB, gall-bladder; H, heart; Lg, Lg', the lungs; M, stomach; MD, small intestine; Oe, oesophagus; Pn, pancreas; Tr, trachea." -Parker, 1900

Sand Lizard Viscera

"Lacerta agilis. General view of the viscera in their naturaal relations. Bl, urinary bladder; Ci, post-caval…

A teacher helps students do math with a sand table, a predecessor to the abacus.

Sand Table

A teacher helps students do math with a sand table, a predecessor to the abacus.

Common form of bank draft, or check for five hundred dollars.

Bank Draft

Common form of bank draft, or check for five hundred dollars.

"The Cowries are found at a little distance from the shore, generally in clefts of the rocky bottoms; sometimes they bury themselves in the sand. These magnificent mollusks are natives or every sea."

Cypraea Argus (Linn.)

"The Cowries are found at a little distance from the shore, generally in clefts of the rocky bottoms;…

"These birds have as distinctive features a short beak, a small head, a round and massive body, bare tarsi, with spurs more or less developed, and a medium-sized back toe."

Pin-Tailed Sand-Grouse

"These birds have as distinctive features a short beak, a small head, a round and massive body, bare…

Illustration used to compare the volumes of a pyramid and a prism by emptying sand from the pyramid into the prism.

Comparative Volumes Of A Pyramid And Prism

Illustration used to compare the volumes of a pyramid and a prism by emptying sand from the pyramid…

Illustration used to compare the volumes of a cone and a cylinder by emptying sand from the cone into the cylinder.

Comparative Volumes Of A Cone And Cylinder

Illustration used to compare the volumes of a cone and a cylinder by emptying sand from the cone into…

"The larva makes a small tunnel in the sand, having a conical mouth, where it waits, like the spider, immovable. As soon as an insect falls into the hole, it raises its head, and squeezing its prey in the folds of its body, devours it."

Vermilea de Geeri

"The larva makes a small tunnel in the sand, having a conical mouth, where it waits, like the spider,…

"They are small almost globular, of a pale yellow with green lines, an live in sand bordering rivers."

Omophron Libatum

"They are small almost globular, of a pale yellow with green lines, an live in sand bordering rivers."

"They are small almost globular, of a pale yellow with green lines, an live in sand bordering rivers. This species can be found all along the coast of the Mediterranean."

Nebria Arenaria

"They are small almost globular, of a pale yellow with green lines, an live in sand bordering rivers.…

A dust storm or sandstorm is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions and arises when a gust front passes or when the wind force exceeds the threshold value where loose sand and dust are removed from the dry surface.

Sand-Storm in the Desert

A dust storm or sandstorm is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions and arises…

Ophioglossum vulgatum, or Southern Adderstongue is a fern-like plant commonly growing in sand dunes.

Southern Adderstongue

Ophioglossum vulgatum, or Southern Adderstongue is a fern-like plant commonly growing in sand dunes.

The nitrate is found on the east side of a low range of hills from fifteen to ninety miles back from the sea. It is in the form of rocky stratum with layers of salt rock and sand above it, although sometimes it lies on the top of the ground.

Diagram of Nitrate Bed

The nitrate is found on the east side of a low range of hills from fifteen to ninety miles back from…

The Florida Rosemary: "Ceratiola ericoides. 1. a male flower; 2. a female; 3. a view of the ovary, with its side removed to show the ovules; 4. ripe fruit; 5. section across a seed." -Lindley, 1853

Florida Rosemary

The Florida Rosemary: "Ceratiola ericoides. 1. a male flower; 2. a female; 3. a view of the ovary, with…

"Abronia mellifera; 2. a flower separate; 3. its stamens and pistil; 4. the pistil separate; 5. the fruit; 6. seed magnified; 7. a cross section of it." -Lindley, 1853

Whtie Sand Verbena

"Abronia mellifera; 2. a flower separate; 3. its stamens and pistil; 4. the pistil separate; 5. the…

An illustration of clothes hanging on a clothes line with shoe sand gloves resting beneath.

Hanging Clothes

An illustration of clothes hanging on a clothes line with shoe sand gloves resting beneath.

The typical representation of sand dunes on a topographical map.

Sand Dunes

The typical representation of sand dunes on a topographical map.

The typical representation of shores and low-water lines with sand on a topographical map.

Sand

The typical representation of shores and low-water lines with sand on a topographical map.

The sand screen or sand sifter is used to sift out pebbles, stones, and shells from sand.

Sand Screen

The sand screen or sand sifter is used to sift out pebbles, stones, and shells from sand.

William M. Tweed (April 3, 1823 – April 12, 1878), sometimes informally called Boss Tweed, was an American politician who was convicted for stealing between 40 million and 200 million dollars from New York City taxpayers through political corruption. Tweed was head of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th century New York. He died in jail.

William Marcy Tweed

William M. Tweed (April 3, 1823 – April 12, 1878), sometimes informally called Boss Tweed, was an…

The Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) is a migratory passerine bird in the swallow family. This species was first described by Linnaeus in his Systema naturae in 1758 as Hirundo riparia.Riparia means "of the riverbank", and is derived from the Latin ripa, a riverbank. It has a wide range in summer, embracing practically the whole of Europe and the Mediterranean countries, part of northern Asia and also North America, where it is called Bank Swallow. It winters in eastern and southern Africa, South America and South Asia (where it is called the Collared Sand Martin).

Swallow Roost

The Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) is a migratory passerine bird in the swallow family. This species…

The sandfish (Scincus scincus) is a species of skink known for burrowing into the sand.

Sandfish Skink

The sandfish (Scincus scincus) is a species of skink known for burrowing into the sand.

An illustration of the larva of a common flea. Flea larvae emerge from the eggs to feed on any available organic material such as dead insects, feces and vegetable matter. They are blind and avoid sunlight, keeping to dark places like sand, cracks and crevices, and bedding. Given an adequate supply of food, larvae should pupate within 1-2 weeks. After going through three larval stages they spin a silken cocoon.

Flea Larva

An illustration of the larva of a common flea. Flea larvae emerge from the eggs to feed on any available…

An illustration of a section of a sand-filter bed.

Sand-Filter Bed

An illustration of a section of a sand-filter bed.

The Common Shrimp (Crangon crangon) is a shrimp fished mainly in the North Sea. The species is also known as the Brown Shrimp or the Sand Shrimp with the synonym Crangon vulgaris.

Common Shrimp

The Common Shrimp (Crangon crangon) is a shrimp fished mainly in the North Sea. The species is also…

The Northern Whiting (Sillago sihama) is a fish in the Sillaginidae family of smelt-whitings.

Northern Whiting

The Northern Whiting (Sillago sihama) is a fish in the Sillaginidae family of smelt-whitings.

The Atlantic Silverside (Menidia menidia) is a common fish in the Atherinopsidae family of neotropical silversides.

Atlantic Silverside

The Atlantic Silverside (Menidia menidia) is a common fish in the Atherinopsidae family of neotropical…

Two young people sitting on the beach. Others are walking along the shore. There is a sailboat in the distance.

Relaxing on the Beach

Two young people sitting on the beach. Others are walking along the shore. There is a sailboat in the…