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An illustration of a proposed apartment house in New York City. "As a people we set a high value on domestic life; we venerate the hearthstone: yet here we are herded in hotels and boarding-houses where privacy is all but unknown and home-making impossible..." -Holland, 1874

Proposed Apartment House

An illustration of a proposed apartment house in New York City. "As a people we set a high value on…

An illustration of a proposed family hotel in New York City. "There is probably no great city in the world which needs a reform in domestic architecture more urgently than New York; as there us none which contains such a preponderance of dwellings unsuited to the wants of the people who inhabit them." -Holland, 1874

Proposed Family Hotel

An illustration of a proposed family hotel in New York City. "There is probably no great city in the…

Sao Paulo is the largest city in Brazil.

Sao Paulo

Sao Paulo is the largest city in Brazil.

Benjamin Franklin shortly after his first arrival in Philadelphia. No one who saw him could have guessed that he would one day be the greatest man in the city.

Young Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin shortly after his first arrival in Philadelphia. No one who saw him could have guessed…

An illustration of the State Capital located in Jefferson City, Missouri. Jefferson City was named after Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States of America.

Missouri State Capital

An illustration of the State Capital located in Jefferson City, Missouri. Jefferson City was named after…

Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christian empire, see Christendom, successor to ancient Greece and Rome. Throughout the Middle Ages Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city, known as the Queen of Cities (Vasileuousa Polis).

The City of Constantinople (Byzantium)

Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christian empire, see Christendom, successor to ancient…

Llandaff Cathedral is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Llandaff (of the Church in Wales), situated in the suburb of Llandaff in the city of Cardiff, the capital of Wales.

Llandaff Cathedral

Llandaff Cathedral is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Llandaff (of the Church in Wales), situated…

St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral sits on the edge of London's oldest region, the City, which originated as a Roman trading post along the edge of the River Thames.

St. Paul's Cathedral

St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat…

This image depicts a market in front of The Aqueduct of Segovia, located in Segovia, Spain. It was built by the Romans to provide water to the city from the Frio River.

Aqueduct

This image depicts a market in front of The Aqueduct of Segovia, located in Segovia, Spain. It was built…

Jerusalem plays an important role in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The 2000 Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem lists 1204 synagogues, 158 churches, and 73 mosques within the city.Despite efforts to maintain peaceful religious coexistence, some sites, such as the Temple Mount, have been a continuous source of friction and controversy.

The City of Jerusalem

Jerusalem plays an important role in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The 2000 Statistical Yearbook…

An illustration of Atlanta, Georgia as depicted in 1874. Atlanta, GA is the capital and the most populous city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War, Atlanta served as an important railroad and military supply hub. In 1864, the city became the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by Atlanta was the scene of several battles. The rebuilding of the city was gradual. From 1867 until 1888, U.S. Army soldiers occupied McPherson Barracks in southwest Atlanta to ensure Reconstruction era reforms.

Atlanta, Georgia in 1874

An illustration of Atlanta, Georgia as depicted in 1874. Atlanta, GA is the capital and the most populous…

An illustration of a large fountain located in Forsyth Park in Savannah, Georgia. Forsyth Park is a large city park that occupies 30 acres in the historic district of Savannah, Georgia. The park was originally created in the 1840s on 10 acres of land donated by William Hodgson. In 1851, the park was expanded and named for Georgia Governor John Forsyth. At the north end of the park is a large, majestic fountain that was added in 1858.

Fountain

An illustration of a large fountain located in Forsyth Park in Savannah, Georgia. Forsyth Park is a…

Forsyth Park is a large city park that occupies 30 acres in the historic district of Savannah, Georgia. The park was originally created in the 1840s on 10 acres of land donated by William Hodgson. In 1851, the park was expanded and named for Georgia Governor John Forsyth. At the north end of the park is a large, majestic fountain that was added in 1858.

Forsyth Park

Forsyth Park is a large city park that occupies 30 acres in the historic district of Savannah, Georgia.…

Bonaveture Cemetery is a public cemetery located on a scenic bluff of the Wilmington River, east of Savannah, Georgia. It is the largest of the city's municipal cemeteries, containing nearly 160 acres.

Bonaventure Cemetery

Bonaveture Cemetery is a public cemetery located on a scenic bluff of the Wilmington River, east of…

An illustration of The New York City Normal College which is now known as Hunter College of the City University of new York which is a senior college of the City University of New York. The college was founded in 1870 by Irish immigrant and social reformer Thomas Hunter as a teacher-training school for young woman. The school, which was housed in an armory and saddle store at Broadway and East Fourth Street in Manhattan, was open to all qualified women, irrespective of race, religion or ethnic background, which was incongruent to the prevailing admission practices of other schools during this era. Created by the New York State Legislature, Hunter was deemed the only approved institution for those seeking to teach in New York City during this time. The school incorporated an elementary and high school for gifted children, where students practiced teaching.

The New York City Normal College

An illustration of The New York City Normal College which is now known as Hunter College of the City…

An illustration of men pillaging a city.

Battle Scene

An illustration of men pillaging a city.

An illustration of a sculpture of Andrew Jackson located in Memphis, Tennessee's city park.

Andrew Jackson

An illustration of a sculpture of Andrew Jackson located in Memphis, Tennessee's city park.

Brooklyn Bridge between New York and Brooklyn.

The Brooklyn Bridge

Brooklyn Bridge between New York and Brooklyn.

Lyons-la-Forêt is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy, in northern France. Because of its architecture which has been maintained as it was at the beginning of the 17th century, it is also a well-known landmark within the very distinct geophysical and geocultural entity that is the Pays de Bray, known for its traditional bocage landscape of woods, orchards and cattle economy.

The City of Lyons, France

Lyons-la-Forêt is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy, in northern France. Because of…

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with more than 2.7 million residents, and a metropolitan area of almost 4 million inhabitants. It is located in the central-western portion of the Italian peninsula, on the Tiber river. Rome stands on top of more than two and a half thousand years of history, was once the largest city in the world and the center of Western civilization. Rome is still the heart of Christianity, being seat of the Roman Catholic Church which controls the Vatican City as its sovereign territory, an enclave of Rome.

General View of Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with more…

Old St. Paul's is a name used to refer to the Gothic cathedral in the City of London built between 1087 and 1314. At its peak, the cathedral was the third longest church in Europe and had one of the tallest spires. The cathedral was destroyed in the Great Fire of London of 1666, and the current domed St. Paul's Cathedral — in an English Baroque style — was subsequently erected on the site by Sir Christopher Wren.

Chapter House of Old St. Paul's

Old St. Paul's is a name used to refer to the Gothic cathedral in the City of London built between 1087…

Assisi is a town in Italy in province of Perugia, Italy, in the Umbria region, on the western flank of Mt. Subasio. It is the birthplace of St. Francis, who founded the Franciscan religious order in the town in 1208, and St. Clare, the founder of the Poor Clares. Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows of the 19th century was also born in Assisi.

City of Assisi

Assisi is a town in Italy in province of Perugia, Italy, in the Umbria region, on the western flank…

An illustration of Natchez, Mississippi looking down from a hill. In the late 18th-century Natchez was the starting point of the Natchez Trace overland route, which ran from Natchez to Nashville, Tennessee through what is now Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee.

Natchez, Mississippi

An illustration of Natchez, Mississippi looking down from a hill. In the late 18th-century Natchez was…

An illustration of Baton Rouge, Louisiana from the Mississippi River. Baton Rouge is located in the southeast portion of the state along the Mississippi River. It owes it located and its historical importance to its site upon Istrouma Bluff, the first bluff upriver from the Mississippi delta, which protects the city's residents from flooding or other natural disasters.

Baton Rouge, LA

An illustration of Baton Rouge, Louisiana from the Mississippi River. Baton Rouge is located in the…

Samuel Jones Tilden (February 9, 1814 – August 4, 1886) was the Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in the disputed election of 1876, the most controversial American election of the 19th century. A political reformer, he was a Bourbon Democrat who worked closely with the New York City business community, led the fight against the corruption of Tammany Hall, and fought to keep taxes low.

Samuel J. Tilden

Samuel Jones Tilden (February 9, 1814 – August 4, 1886) was the Democratic candidate for the U.S.…

Samuel de Champlain, "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, geographer, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, ethnologist, diplomat, chronicler, and the founder of Quebec City on July 3, 1608, of which he was the administrator for the rest of his life.

Samuel de Champlain

Samuel de Champlain, "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, geographer, cartographer, draughtsman,…

The fortified residence of Samuel de Champlain at Quebec, Canada.

Champlain's Fortified Residence at Quebec

The fortified residence of Samuel de Champlain at Quebec, Canada.

St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. The present building dates from the 17th century and is generally reckoned to be London's fifth St Paul's Cathedral, although the number is higher if every major medieval reconstruction is counted as a new cathedral. The cathedral sits on the edge of London's oldest region, the City, which originated as a Roman trading post along the edge of the River Thames.

St. Paul's Cathedral, London (Interior)

St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat…

John Calvin (or Jean Calvin) (10 July 1509 - 27 May 1564) was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and was a central developer of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism or Reformed theology. In Geneva, his ministry both attracted other Protestant refugees and over time made that city a major force in the spread of Reformed theology. He is famous for his teachings and writings, in particular for his Institutes of the Christian Religion.

John Calvin

John Calvin (or Jean Calvin) (10 July 1509 - 27 May 1564) was a French Protestant theologian during…

An illustration of a small town with a boat tied up to a dock.

Town

An illustration of a small town with a boat tied up to a dock.

An illustration of a city road.

City

An illustration of a city road.

An illustration of a back street in a city.

Street

An illustration of a back street in a city.

An illustration of a man and a young girl walking along a city street.

City Street

An illustration of a man and a young girl walking along a city street.

A church was established on this site, at the centre of the old walled city, in Anglo Saxon times. St Mary's has one of the most beautiful spires in England and an eccentric baroque porch, designed by Nicholas Stone, facing High Street. In the early days of Oxford University, the church was adopted as the first building of the university, congregation met there from at least 1252, and by the early 13th century it was the seat of university government and was used for lectures and the award of degrees.

Porch of St. Mary's, Oxford

A church was established on this site, at the centre of the old walled city, in Anglo Saxon times. St…

An illustration of the exterior of both the Basilica of Saint Peter and the Vatican. The Basilica of St. Peter is one of four major basilicas of Rome, the others being the Basilica of St. John Lateran, Santa Maria Maggiore and St. Paul outside the Walls. It is the most prominent building inside the Vatican City. Its dome is a dominant feature of the skyline of Rome. Probably the largest church in Christianity, it covers an area of 2.3 hectares (5.7 acres) and has a capacity of over 60,000 people.

St. Peters and the Vatican

An illustration of the exterior of both the Basilica of Saint Peter and the Vatican. The Basilica of…

Josip Juraj Strossmayer (February 4, 1815 – May 8, 1905) was a Roman Catholic bishop, benefactor and a politician from Croatia. Josip Juraj Strossmayer died at the age of 90. The university of the city of Osijek is named after him, and a large statue of Strossmayer is located in the park that the Academy building overlooks. The city of Dakovo built in memorial museum in 1991.

Josip Juraj Strossmayer

Josip Juraj Strossmayer (February 4, 1815 – May 8, 1905) was a Roman Catholic bishop, benefactor and…

An illustration of the reading of the decree in Vatican City on July 18th, 1870.

Reading of the Decree, July 18th

An illustration of the reading of the decree in Vatican City on July 18th, 1870.

Carpenters' Hall is a four-story brick building in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which played a significant part in the early history of the United States.

Carpenters' Hall

Carpenters' Hall is a four-story brick building in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which played…

Carpenters' Hall is a four-story brick building in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which played a significant part in the early history of the United States.

Room in which Congress met in Carpenters' Hall

Carpenters' Hall is a four-story brick building in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which played…

A gold box presented to William Bainbridge by the city of New York.

Gold Box Presented to Bainbridge by the City of New York

A gold box presented to William Bainbridge by the city of New York.

A gold box presented to William Bainbridge by the city of Albany.

Gold Box Presented to Bainbridge by the City of Albany

A gold box presented to William Bainbridge by the city of Albany.

Craney Island is a point of land in the independent city of Portsmouth in the South Hampton Roads region of eastern Virginia in the United States. The location, formerly in Norfolk County, is near the mouth of the Elizabeth River opposite Lambert's Point on Hampton Roads.

The Block-House in Craney Island, 1813

Craney Island is a point of land in the independent city of Portsmouth in the South Hampton Roads region…

A view of the city of Algiers, Algeria in 1812.

Algiers in 1812

A view of the city of Algiers, Algeria in 1812.

The arch erected in New York City to celebrate the return of Admiral George Dewey.

Triumphal Arch in New York City

The arch erected in New York City to celebrate the return of Admiral George Dewey.

In the war between King and Parliament (the English Civil War) the city of Hereford fell into the hands first of one party, then of the other. Once it endured a siege, and when it was taken the conquerors ran riot in the cathedral and, in their fury, caused great damage which could never be repaired. In the early years of the 18th century, Bishop Bisse (1712-21), devised a scheme to support the central tower. He also had installed an enormous altar-piece and an oak screen, and instead of restoring the Chapter House he allowed its stones to be utilized for alterations to the Bishop's Palace.

Hereford Cathedral

In the war between King and Parliament (the English Civil War) the city of Hereford fell into the hands…

The Great Fire of London, a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of London from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666, was one of the major events in the history of England. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman City Wall. It threatened, but did not reach, the aristocratic district of Westminster (the modern West End), Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St. Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated that it destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City's ca. 80,000 inhabitants.

Great Fire of London

The Great Fire of London, a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of London from…

Old St. Paul's is a name used to refer to the Gothic cathedral in the City of London built between 1087 and 1314. At its peak, the cathedral was the third longest church in Europe and had one of the tallest spires. Old St Paul's was completely gutted in the Great Fire of London of 1666, which destroyed the roof and much of the stonework. Temporary repairs were made to the building, but while it might have been salvageable, albeit with almost complete reconstruction, a decision was taken to build a new cathedral in a modern style instead, a step which had been contemplated even before the fire.

Old St. Paul's Cathedral

Old St. Paul's is a name used to refer to the Gothic cathedral in the City of London built between 1087…

The Battle of El Molino del Rey was fought during the Mexican-American War in the city of Chapultepec in 1847.

Battle of El Molino del Rey

The Battle of El Molino del Rey was fought during the Mexican-American War in the city of Chapultepec…

Federal Hall, located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States of America and the site of George Washington's first inauguration in 1789. It is also the place where the United States Bill of Rights was passed.

Federal Hall

Federal Hall, located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States…

Nicholas Fish (1758-1833) was an American Revolutionary soldier, born in New York City.

Nicholas Fish

Nicholas Fish (1758-1833) was an American Revolutionary soldier, born in New York City.

Hamilton Fish (August 3, 1808 – September 7, 1893), born in New York City, was an American statesman who served as Governor of New York, United States Senator from New York and United States Secretary of State.

Hamilton Fish

Hamilton Fish (August 3, 1808 – September 7, 1893), born in New York City, was an American statesman…

USS <em>Fulton</em>, a 2455-ton center-wheel steam battery, was built at New York City to a design prepared by Robert Fulton, who called her "Demologos".

Section of the Floating Battery Fulton

USS Fulton, a 2455-ton center-wheel steam battery, was built at New York City to a design prepared…

USS <em>Fulton</em>, a 2455-ton center-wheel steam battery, was built at New York City to a design prepared by Robert Fulton, who called her "Demologos".

Floating Battery Fulton the First

USS Fulton, a 2455-ton center-wheel steam battery, was built at New York City to a design prepared…

The gold box that the city of New York gave to Gen. Jacob Brown after the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane.

General Brown's Gold Box

The gold box that the city of New York gave to Gen. Jacob Brown after the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's…

East India House in Leadenhall Street in the City of London in England was the headquarters of the British East India Company. It was rebuilt by the architect Richard Jupp in 1799&ndash;1800. Much of India was governed from here until the British government took control of the Company's possessions in India on November 1, 1858. The building was home to the famous ceiling painting, 'The East Offering Its Riches To Britannia', painted by the Italian artist Spiridione Roma in 1778.

The Old East India House

East India House in Leadenhall Street in the City of London in England was the headquarters of the British…

An illustration of Castle Garden, known today as Castle Clinton or Fort Clinton. Castle Clinton or Fort Clinton was once a circular sandstone fort now located in Battery Park at the southern tip of Manhattan, New York City, in the United States. It subsequently became a beer garden, a theater, the first immigration station (predating Ellis Island), a very popular public aquarium, and finally a national monument.

Castle Garden

An illustration of Castle Garden, known today as Castle Clinton or Fort Clinton. Castle Clinton or Fort…

An illustration of the interior of Castle Garden, known today as Castle Clinton or Fort Clinton. Castle Clinton or Fort Clinton was once a circular sandstone fort now located in Battery Park at the southern tip of Manhattan, New York City, in the United States. It subsequently became a beer garden, a theater, the first immigration station (predating Ellis Island), a very popular public aquarium, and finally a national monument.

Castle Garden (Interior)

An illustration of the interior of Castle Garden, known today as Castle Clinton or Fort Clinton. Castle…

An illustration of Bowery Theater, a playhouse in the Bowery neighborhood of New York City. Although it was founded by rich families to compete with the upscale Park Theater, the Bowery saw its most successful period under the populist, pro-American management of Thomas Hamblin in the 1830s and 1840s. By the 1850s, the theater came to cater to immigrant groups such as the Irish, Germans, and Chinese. It burnt down 5 times in 17 years, a fire in 1929 destroying it for good. Although the theater's name changed several times (Thalia Theater, Fay's Bowery Theater, etc.), it was generally referred to as the "Bowery Theater".

Bowery Theater

An illustration of Bowery Theater, a playhouse in the Bowery neighborhood of New York City. Although…

Westover Plantation is located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia. It is located on State Route 5, a scenic byway which runs between the independent cities of Richmond and Williamsburg. It is a US National Historic Landmark. Westover Plantation was formerly claimed to have been built circa 1730 by William Byrd II, the founder of Richmond; this date appears in the 1960 designation of the house as a National Historic Landmark. However, recent dendrochronologic testing on boards and planks in the house shows that they actually date to the 1750s, and this is the date of construction now recognized by the National Park Service. Therefore the house was probably built by William Byrd III, not his father William Byrd II. The house is noteworthy for its secret passages, magnificent gardens, and architectural details. The grounds and garden are open 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. daily, but the house is not open to the public.

Westover Plantation

Westover Plantation is located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia.…

Fort George, the name of four defensive works connected with warfare in the United States.

Fort George, Old New York City

Fort George, the name of four defensive works connected with warfare in the United States.