ClipArt ETC
An illustration showing how to construct a square inscribed in a circle. "Draw the diameter AB, and through the center erect the perpendicular CD, and complete the square as shown in the illustration."

Construction Of A Square Inscribed In A Circle

An illustration showing how to construct a square inscribed in a circle. "Draw the diameter AB, and…

An illustration showing how to construct a square circumscribed about a circle. "Draw the diameters AB and CD at right angles to one another; with the radius of the circle, and A, B, C, and D as centers, draw the four dotted half circles which cross one another in the corners of the square, and thus complete the problem."

Construction Of A Square Circumscribed About A Circle

An illustration showing how to construct a square circumscribed about a circle. "Draw the diameters…

An illustration showing how to construct a pentagon inscribed in a circle. "Draw the diameter AB, and from the center C erect the perpendicular CD. Bisect the radius AC at E; with E as center, and DE as radius, draw the arc DE, and the straight line DF is the length of the side of the pentagon."

Construction Of A Pentagon Inscribed In A Circle

An illustration showing how to construct a pentagon inscribed in a circle. "Draw the diameter AB, and…

An illustration showing how to construct a pentagon on a given line. "From B erect BC perpendicular to and half the length of AB; join A and C prolonged to D; with C as center and CB as radius, draw the arc BD; then the chord BB is the radius of the circle circumscribing the pentagon. With A and B as centers, and BD as radius, draw the cross O in the center."

Construction Of A Pentagon On A Line

An illustration showing how to construct a pentagon on a given line. "From B erect BC perpendicular…

An illustration showing how to construct a pentagon on a given line without resort to its center. "From B erect Bo perpendicular to and equal to AB; with C as center and Co as radius, draw the arc Do, then AD is the diagonal of the pentagon. With AD as radius and A as center, draw the arc DE; and with E as center and AB as radius, finish the cross E, and thus complete the pentagon."

Construction Of A Pentagon On A Line

An illustration showing how to construct a pentagon on a given line without resort to its center. "From…

An illustration showing how to construct a hexagon in a given circle. "The radius of the circle is equal to the side of the hexagon."

Construction Of A Hexagon In A Circle

An illustration showing how to construct a hexagon in a given circle. "The radius of the circle is equal…

An illustration showing how to construct a heptagon, or septagon. "The appotem a in a hexagon is the length of the side of the heptagon. Set off AB equal to the radius of the circle; draw a from the center C at right angles to AB; then a is the required side of the heptagon."

Construction Of A Heptagon

An illustration showing how to construct a heptagon, or septagon. "The appotem a in a hexagon is the…

An illustration showing how to construct an octagon on a given line. "Prolong AB to C. With B as center and AB as radius, draw the circle AFDEC; from B, draw BI at right angles to AB; divide the angles ABC and DBC each into two equal parts; then BD is one side of the octagon. With A and E as centers, draw the arcs HKE and AKI, which determine the points H and I, and thus complete the octagon as shown in the illustration."

Construction Of An Octagon

An illustration showing how to construct an octagon on a given line. "Prolong AB to C. With B as center…

An illustration showing how to construct a hyperbola by plotting. "Having given the transverse axis BC, vertexes Aa, and foci ff'. Set off any desired number of parts on the axis below the focus, and number them 1,2,3,4,,5,etc. Take the distance a1 as radius, and, with f' as center, strike the cross 1 with f'1=a1. With the distance A1, and the focus f as center, strike the cross 1 with the radius F1=A1, and the cross 1 is a point in the hyperbola."

Construction Of A Hyperbola

An illustration showing how to construct a hyperbola by plotting. "Having given the transverse axis…

An illustration showing how to construct Shield's anti-friction curve. "R represents the radius of the shaft, and C1, 2, 3, et., is the center line of the shaft. From o, set off the small distance oa; and set off a1 - R. Set off the same small distance from a to b, and make b2 = R. Continue in the same way with the other points, and the anti-friction curve is thus constructed.

Construction Of Shield's Anti-friction Curve

An illustration showing how to construct Shield's anti-friction curve. "R represents the radius of the…

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse. Given the two axes, set off half the long axis from c to ff, which will be the two focuses in the ellipse. Divide the long axis into any number of parts, say a to be a division point. Take Aa as radius and f as center and describe a circle arc about b, take aB as radius and f as center describe another circle arc about b, then the intersection b is a point in the ellipse, and so the whole ellipse can be constructed."

Construction Of An Ellipse

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse. Given the two axes, set off half the long axis…

An illustration showing how to construct an evolute of a circle. "Given the pitch p, the angle v, and radius r. Divide the angle v into a number of equal parts, draw the radii and tangents for each part, divide the pitch p into an equal number of equal parts, then the first tangent will be one part, second two parts, third three parts, etc., and so the Evolute is traced."

Construction Of An Evolute Of A Circle

An illustration showing how to construct an evolute of a circle. "Given the pitch p, the angle v, and…

An illustration showing how to construct a parabola. "Given the axis of ordinate B, and vertex A. Take A as a center and describe a semicircle from B which gives the focus of the parabola at f. Draw any ordinate y at right angle to the abscissa Ax, take a as radius and the focus f as a center, then intersect the ordinate y, by a circle-arc in P which will be a point in the parabola. In the same manner the whole Parabola is constructed."

Construction Of A Parabola

An illustration showing how to construct a parabola. "Given the axis of ordinate B, and vertex A. Take…

An illustration showing a circle with radius r, diameter d, and chord c.

Radius, Diameter, and Chord In A Circle

An illustration showing a circle with radius r, diameter d, and chord c.

An illustration showing a circle sector with radius r, center/central angle v, and length of circle arc b.

Circle Sector

An illustration showing a circle sector with radius r, center/central angle v, and length of circle…

An illustration showing a circle sector with center/central angle v and polygon angle w.

Circle Sector

An illustration showing a circle sector with center/central angle v and polygon angle w.

An illustration showing a circle sector with height of segment h and radius r.

Circle Sector

An illustration showing a circle sector with height of segment h and radius r.

An illustration showing a triangle with sides b, c, and d inscribed in a circle with radius r.

Triangle Inscribed In A Circle

An illustration showing a triangle with sides b, c, and d inscribed in a circle with radius r.

An illustration showing a circle with radius r inscribed in a triangle with sides a, b, and c.

Circle Inscribed In A Triangle

An illustration showing a circle with radius r inscribed in a triangle with sides a, b, and c.

An illustration showing a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle that is tangent to a line.

Quadrilateral Inscribed In A Circle

An illustration showing a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle that is tangent to a line.

An illustration showing a triangle with angles A, C, and D inscribed in a circle which is tangent to a line.

Triangle Inscribed In A Circle

An illustration showing a triangle with angles A, C, and D inscribed in a circle which is tangent to…

An illustration showing a circle with sectors D and E inscribed in a triangle with angles, A, B, and C.

Circle Inscribed In A Triangle

An illustration showing a circle with sectors D and E inscribed in a triangle with angles, A, B, and…

Two students drawing geometrical shapes on the chalkboard. A student is also using a scale while students sitting at desks take notes.

Geometry

Two students drawing geometrical shapes on the chalkboard. A student is also using a scale while students…

"The bases of the pyramids are considered as forming the surface of the sphere, while the altitude of the pyramids is the radius of the sphere." -Foster, 1921

Area of Sphere

"The bases of the pyramids are considered as forming the surface of the sphere, while the altitude of…

A view from behind of a frontal section through the right elbow joint.

Frontal Section Through Elbow Joint

A view from behind of a frontal section through the right elbow joint.

A skeleton of a cow shown to illustrate the internal skeleton which all vertebrates share. Labels: 1, Frontal bone of the head. 2, Upper jaw (superior maxillary). 3. Lower jaw (inferior maxillary). 4, Cervical vertebrae. 5, Dorsal vertebrae. 6, Lumbar vertebrae. 7 Sacral vertebrae. 8, Caudal vertebrae. 9; Scapula. 10, Humerus. 11, Radius and ulna. 12, Carpus. 13, Metacarpus. 14, Phalanges (toes). 15, Femur. 16, Tibia. 17, Tarsus. 18, Metatarsus. 19, Phalanges.

Skeleton of a Cow

A skeleton of a cow shown to illustrate the internal skeleton which all vertebrates share. Labels: 1,…

A skeleton of a tortoise The ribs of which are expanded, forming the dorsal part of its shell. Labels: 1, cervical; 2, dorsal; 3, lumbar vertebra; 4, scapula; 5, clavicle; 6, coracoid bone; 13, humerus; 14, ulna; 15, radius, 16, carpus. 17, phalanges (fingers); 7, femur; 8, tibia; 9, fibula; 10, tarsus. 11, metatarsus, 12, phalanges (toes).

Skeleton of a Tortoise

A skeleton of a tortoise The ribs of which are expanded, forming the dorsal part of its shell. Labels:…

Showing the situation of Colle's fracture of the radius, with fracture of the styloid of the ulna. The usual position of a fraction of the scaphoid is also indicated.

Colle's Fraction of the Radius

Showing the situation of Colle's fracture of the radius, with fracture of the styloid of the ulna. The…

In changing the compass from a small to large radius, hold the legs together with one hand and spin the nut with the other, in order to save wear on the threads.

Adjusting the Compass

In changing the compass from a small to large radius, hold the legs together with one hand and spin…

Front view of the bones of the forearm

Front View of the Bones of the Forearm

Front view of the bones of the forearm

Front view of the bones of the forearm

Back View of the Bones of the Forearm

Front view of the bones of the forearm

The bones of the right forearm, dorsal view.

Dorsal View of the Bones of the Forearm

The bones of the right forearm, dorsal view.

The bones of the right forearm, ventral view.

Ventral View of the Bones of the Forearm

The bones of the right forearm, ventral view.

Frontal section of the elbow, viewed from in front.

Frontal Section Through the Elbow

Frontal section of the elbow, viewed from in front.

Sagittal section of the right elbow, with the arm in pronation.

Sagittal Section of the Elbow

Sagittal section of the right elbow, with the arm in pronation.

Section three inches above the styloid process of the right radius.

Cross Section Three Inches above the Styloid Process of the Forearm

Section three inches above the styloid process of the right radius.

Section two inches above the styloid process of the right radius.

Cross Section Two Inches above the Styloid Process of the Forearm

Section two inches above the styloid process of the right radius.

Section one inch above the styloid process of the right radius.

Cross Section One Inch above the Styloid Process of the Forearm

Section one inch above the styloid process of the right radius.

Section through the styloid process of the right radius.

Cross Section Through the Styloid Process of the Forearm

Section through the styloid process of the right radius.

Fracture of upper third of ulna, with dislocation of radius forward.

Fractured Ulna with Dislocation of Radius

Fracture of upper third of ulna, with dislocation of radius forward.

Right radius, inner aspect.

Inner Aspect of Radius

Right radius, inner aspect.

Right radius from before.

Radius from Before

Right radius from before.

Right radius from behind.

Radius from Behind

Right radius from behind.

Left elbow joint, showing anterior and internal ligaments.

Elbow Showing Internal Ligaments

Left elbow joint, showing anterior and internal ligaments.

Left elbow joint, showing posterior and external ligaments.

Elbow Showing External Ligaments

Left elbow joint, showing posterior and external ligaments.

Right elbow joint, cut through at right angles to the axis of trochlea humeri, from the ulnar side.

Elbow Joint

Right elbow joint, cut through at right angles to the axis of trochlea humeri, from the ulnar side.

Bones of the right forearm,with their ligaments; volar aspect.

Bones and Ligaments of Forearm

Bones of the right forearm,with their ligaments; volar aspect.

Transverse section through the middle of the right forearm, in the position of semipronation.

Transverse Section Through Arm

Transverse section through the middle of the right forearm, in the position of semipronation.

Transverse section through the wrist, showing the annular ligaments and the canals for the passage of the tendons.

Transverse Section Through the Wrist

Transverse section through the wrist, showing the annular ligaments and the canals for the passage of…

Fracture of the shaft of the radius.

Fractured Radius

Fracture of the shaft of the radius.

Fracture of the lower end of the radius.

Fractured Radius

Fracture of the lower end of the radius.

Orbicular ligament of the radius.

Orbicular Ligament of the Radius

Orbicular ligament of the radius.

Carpal articular surface of the radius, and triangular fibro cartilage of the wrist.

Carpal Articular Surface of the Radius

Carpal articular surface of the radius, and triangular fibro cartilage of the wrist.

Ligaments on anterior aspect of radio carpal, carpal, and carpo metacarpal joints.

Ligaments of the Wrist

Ligaments on anterior aspect of radio carpal, carpal, and carpo metacarpal joints.

Section across the forearm in the middle third. Labels: A, pronator radii teres; B, flexor carpi radialis; C, flexor sublimis digitorum; D, palmaris longus; E, flexor carpi ulnaris; F, flexor profundus digitorum; G, extensor carpi ulnaris; H, extensor longus pollicis; I, extensor communis digitorum; J, extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis; K, extensor carpi radialis brevior; L, extensor carpi radialis longior; M, brachio-radialis; a, radius; b, interosseous membrane; c, ulna; 1, radial nerve; 2, radial artery; 3, anterior interosseous artery; 4, anterior interosseons nerve (underneath flexor longus pollicis); 5, median nerve; 6, ulnar artery; 7, ulnar nerve; 8, posterior interosseous artery; 9, posterior interosseous nerve.

Section Across Forearm

Section across the forearm in the middle third. Labels: A, pronator radii teres; B, flexor carpi radialis;…

The muscles and nerves on the front of the forearm and hand. The pronator radii teres, flexor carpi radialis, and palmaris longus have been removed.

Muscles and Nerves of the Forearm

The muscles and nerves on the front of the forearm and hand. The pronator radii teres, flexor carpi…

The skeleton of a horse. Axial Skeleton. The Skull. Cranial Bones: a, occipital, 1; b, wormian, 1; c, parietal, 2; d, frontal, 2; e, temporal, 2; sphenoid, 1; ethmoid, 1; auditory ossicles, 8. Facial bones: h, nasal, 2; g, lachrymal, 2; f, malar, 2; i, superior maxilla, 2; k, premaxila, 2; palatine, 2; pterygoid, 2; vomer, 1; tubinals, 4; l, inferior maxilla; 1; hyoid (segments), 5. Teeth: m, incisors, 12; n, canines, 4; o, molars, 24. The trunk: p-v, cervical vertebrae, 7; w, dorsal vertebrae, 18; x, lumbar vertebrae, 6; y, sacrum, 1; z, coccygeal vertebrae (variable), 18, d, d, ribs, 36; sternum (6-7 sternebrae), 7; *,coastal cartilages. Appendicular Skeleton. Pectoral Limb: e', scapula, 2; f', humerus, 2; g', radius, 2; h', ulna, 2. Carpus-i', trapesium, 2; k', cuneiform, 2; l', lunar, 2; m', scaphoid, 2; n', unciform, 2; o', magnum, 2; p', trapezoid, 2; q', pisiform, 2. Metacarpus-r', large bone, 2; s', small bone, 4. Digits- u', proximal phalanges, 2; v, median phalanges; w', distil phalanges, 2; t', large sesamoids, 4; small sesamoids, 2. Pelvic Limbs: Pelvis- b', ilium, 2; d' ischium, 2; c', pubis, 2. The limb- y', femur, 2; z', patella, 2; a', tibia, 2; b', fibula, 2. Tarsus- c', calcaneum, 2; d', astragalus, 2; e'. cuboid, 2; f', cuneiforme magnum, 2; g', cuneiforme medium, 2; h", cuneiforme parvum, 2. Metatarsus: large bone, 2; small bone, 4. Digit: proximal phalanges, 2; median phalanges, 2; distal phalanges, 2; large sesamoids, 4; small sesamoids, 2.

Skeleton of a Horse

The skeleton of a horse. Axial Skeleton. The Skull. Cranial Bones: a, occipital, 1; b, wormian, 1; c,…

The skeleton of a horse. Showing its relation to the contour of the animal, viewed laterally. Labels: A, temporal fossa; B, inferior maxilla; C, atlas; D, dentata; E, cervical vertebrae; F, dorsal vertebrae; G, lumbar vertebrae; H, sacral vertebrae; I, coccygeal vertebrae; J, scapula; K, humerus; L, radius; L, ulna; M, carpus; N, trapezium; O, metacarpus; P, b. os suffraginis; Q, c. sesamoids; R, d. os coronae; S, e. os pedis; T, ribs; U., ilum; V, femur; X, patella; Y, tibia; y., Fibula; Z, tarsus; a, metatarsus; f, ligamentum nuchae, funicular portion; f' lamellar portion; 1, zygoma; 2, orbital fossa; 3, nasal peak; 4, incisor teeth; 4', canine teeth; 5, molar teeth; 6, external humeral trochanter; 7, scapular fossae; 8, coracoid apophysis; 9, cartilage of prolongation; 10, deltoid ridge, and external tuberosity; 11, olecranon; 12, costal cartilage; 13, anterior iliac spine; 14, ischium; 15, trochanter major; 16, trochanter minor; 18, anterior tibial tuberosity; 19, calcaneum; 20, small metacarpal and metatarsal or splint bones.

Skeleton of a Horse

The skeleton of a horse. Showing its relation to the contour of the animal, viewed laterally. Labels:…

Front aspect of the right carpus of a horse. Labels: 1, cuneiform; 2, lunar; 3, scaphoid; 4, trapezium; 5, unciform; 6, magnum; 7, trapezoid; 8, small metacarpals, the large one lying between and before them. The uppermost bone is the distal end of the radius.

Carpus of a Horse

Front aspect of the right carpus of a horse. Labels: 1, cuneiform; 2, lunar; 3, scaphoid; 4, trapezium;…

External view of bones of right carpus, metacarpus, and digit of a horse. 1, distal end of radius; 2, groove for extensor tendons; 3, scaphoid; 4, lunar; 5, cuneiform;6, trapezium; 7, magnum; 8, unciform; 9, great metacarpal; 10, external small metacarpal (splint); 11, sesamoids; 12, proximal phalanx; 13, median phalanx; 5, distal phalanx; 16, basilar process.

Horse Leg

External view of bones of right carpus, metacarpus, and digit of a horse. 1, distal end of radius; 2,…