"Palmar aspect of left fore foot of a black bear (Ursus americanus). scl, scapholunar; c, cuneiform; p, pisiform; tr, trapezium; t, trapezoid; m, magnum; u, unciform. The phalanges show a full series of sesamoid bones (unmarked)." -Whitney, 1911

Bear Foot

"Palmar aspect of left fore foot of a black bear (Ursus americanus). scl, scapholunar; c, cuneiform;…

"Right shoulder-girdle or scapular arch of fowl, showing hp, the hypoclidium; f, furculum; Co, coracoid; Sc, scapula; gl, glenoid." -Whitney, 1911

Bird Scapula

"Right shoulder-girdle or scapular arch of fowl, showing hp, the hypoclidium; f, furculum; Co, coracoid;…

"Pectoral arch and fore limb of the pike (Esox lucius), an osseous fish, showing scapulocoracoid, composed of Scp, scapula or hypercoracoid; c, posterior end of the outer margin of the scapulocoracoid; b, b, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, five fin-rays or radialia; a, actinosts or basalia." -Whitney, 1911

Pike Scapulocoracoid

"Pectoral arch and fore limb of the pike (Esox lucius), an osseous fish, showing scapulocoracoid, composed…

The scarifier is a instrument used for cultivating soil. "a, frame; b, handles; d, teeth; e, wheels; f, draft-hook." -Whitney, 1911

Scarifier

The scarifier is a instrument used for cultivating soil. "a, frame; b, handles; d, teeth; e, wheels;…

Scelio is a genus of parasitic insects of the Proctotrypidae family. "Scelio famelicus. a, female; b, her antenna." -Whitney, 1911

Scelio

Scelio is a genus of parasitic insects of the Proctotrypidae family. "Scelio famelicus. a, female; b,…

Schizaea pusilla, or Little Curlygrass Fern is a small species of fern in the Curlygrass family (Schizaeaceae). here showing: "a, pinnule with sporangia; b, a sporangium, on larger scale." -Whitney, 1911

Curlygrass Fern

Schizaea pusilla, or Little Curlygrass Fern is a small species of fern in the Curlygrass family (Schizaeaceae).…

"Schizodon fuscus...A genus of South American octodont rodents, related to Ctenomys" (Tuco-tuco). -Whitney, 1911

Schizodon

"Schizodon fuscus...A genus of South American octodont rodents, related to Ctenomys" (Tuco-tuco). -Whitney,…

"Schizognathous skull of common fowl. pmx, premaxilla; mxp, maxillopalatine; mx, maxilla; pl, palatine; pt, pterygoid; vo, vomer." -Whitney, 1911

Bird Skull

"Schizognathous skull of common fowl. pmx, premaxilla; mxp, maxillopalatine; mx, maxilla; pl, palatine;…

"Schizorhinal skull of curlew (top view), showing the long cleft, a, between upper and lower forks of each nasal bone." -Whitney, 1911

Curlew Skull

"Schizorhinal skull of curlew (top view), showing the long cleft, a, between upper and lower forks of…

"Diagram of plantar aspect of schizopelmous foot of a magpie (Pica caudata), showing the deep plantar tendons, separate from one another and from the superficial tendons. flh, flexor longus hallucis; fpd, flexor perforans digitorum." -Whitney, 1911

Magpie Foot

"Diagram of plantar aspect of schizopelmous foot of a magpie (Pica caudata), showing the deep plantar…

"1. Flowering plant of Bulrush (Scirpus lacustris). 2. The inflorescence. a, a flower; b, the fruit." -Whitney, 1911

Bulrush

"1. Flowering plant of Bulrush (Scirpus lacustris). 2. The inflorescence. a, a flower; b, the fruit."…

"Scissirostrum dubium is a species of starling in the Sturnidae family." -Whitney, 1911

Finch-Billed Myna

"Scissirostrum dubium is a species of starling in the Sturnidae family." -Whitney, 1911

"Sclerotals of eye of bald eagle (Haliaetus leucocephalus)." -Whitney, 1911

Eagle Eye Sclerotal

"Sclerotals of eye of bald eagle (Haliaetus leucocephalus)." -Whitney, 1911

The Black Rock Scorpion (Scorpio (Buthus) Afer), "seen from above. At, the chelicerae, or chelate antennae; the large claws are chelate pedipalpi; Cth, cephalothorax; the first two legs are cephalic appendages, the next two thoracic; Tn, the telson or sting." -Whitney, 1911

Black Rock Scorpion

The Black Rock Scorpion (Scorpio (Buthus) Afer), "seen from above. At, the chelicerae, or chelate antennae;…

"Diagram of structure of Scopionidae (most of the appendages removed). IV. to XX., fourth to twentieth somite; IV., basis of the pedipalpi or great claws; V., VI., of two succeeding cephalic segments; T, telson of sting; a, mouth; b, alimentary canal; c, anus; d, heart; e, a pulmonary sac; f, line of ventral ganglionated cord; g, cerebroganglia." -Whitney, 1911

Scorpion Diagram

"Diagram of structure of Scopionidae (most of the appendages removed). IV. to XX., fourth to twentieth…

"Lady Chapel of Gloucester Cathedral, England, looking toward the nave." -Whitney, 1911

Gloucester Cathedral

"Lady Chapel of Gloucester Cathedral, England, looking toward the nave." -Whitney, 1911

"Screw-punch. a, bed; b, yoke, on the inner sides of which are slides for the cross-head c; d, the punch proper; e, nut for the screw; f, weighted lever by which the screw is made to exert its power upon the punch d." -Whitney, 1911

Screw Punch

"Screw-punch. a, bed; b, yoke, on the inner sides of which are slides for the cross-head c; d, the punch…

Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known as the inventor of the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the industrial revolution and shaped the economy of the antebellum South. Whitney's invention made short staple cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery. Despite the social and economic impact of his invention, Whitney lost his profits in legal battles over patent infringement, closed his business, and nearly filed bankruptcy.

Eli Whitney Jr.

Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known as the inventor…

"A handle for holding the threaded die by which the thread is cut on a bar, a nut, or a pipe; a die-stock; a screw-plate." -Whitney, 1911

Screw Stock

"A handle for holding the threaded die by which the thread is cut on a bar, a nut, or a pipe; a die-stock;…

"The cutting-tool in a screw-cutting machine; a screw-plate." -Whitney, 1911

Screw Cutting Die

"The cutting-tool in a screw-cutting machine; a screw-plate." -Whitney, 1911

"Jewelers' box of dies, stocks, and taps (called a screw-plate set." -Whitney, 1911

Screw-Plate Set

"Jewelers' box of dies, stocks, and taps (called a screw-plate set." -Whitney, 1911

"Hydraulic Scroll. a, case, inclosing center-discharge turbine water-wheel; b, openings for inflow of water; c, c', gates for admitting water to central wheel-space d (the wheel is not shown); e, e', gate-shafts; f, shaft by which the two gates are operated simultaneously and equally from worm-gearing at the top of the gate-shafts." -Whitney, 1911

Hydraulic Scroll

"Hydraulic Scroll. a, case, inclosing center-discharge turbine water-wheel; b, openings for inflow of…

"a, scroll-wheel, intermeshing with the pinion b, which, sliding by a feather on the shaft, c, imparts a gradually decreasing velocity to the latter as b is moved toward the center of a." -Whitney, 1911

Scroll Wheel

"a, scroll-wheel, intermeshing with the pinion b, which, sliding by a feather on the shaft, c, imparts…

"The inflorescence of Maryland Figwort (Scrophularia Marylandica). a, the flower; b, the fruit; c, a seed; d, a leaf." -Whitney, 1911

Maryland Figwort

"The inflorescence of Maryland Figwort (Scrophularia Marylandica). a, the flower; b, the fruit; c, a…

Foliate Sculpture of the 13th Century. "Decorative sculpture conventionalized more or less from foliage, or based on the fundamental forms or habit of vegetation. -Greek, Renaissance." -Whitney, 1911

Foliate Sculpture

Foliate Sculpture of the 13th Century. "Decorative sculpture conventionalized more or less from foliage,…

"Scutching-machine or Scutcher for Flax. a, feed-table on which the flax is fed to the fluted rollers b, b', which seize it and present it to the scutches or beaters c, fastened by supports d to the rotating drum e. The latter revolves in a case f, with a grating at the bottom. The feed-rolls are driven by gearing i." -Whitney, 1911

Scutcher

"Scutching-machine or Scutcher for Flax. a, feed-table on which the flax is fed to the fluted rollers…

"Scutching-sword and Stand. A beating-implement used in scutching flax by hand. The sword a is held in the right hand, which with the left a handful of the bruised stems is introduced into the grove g in the stand b. A band stretched from the stand to a stake h causes the sword to rebound after each downward blow." -Whitney, 1911

Scutching Sword

"Scutching-sword and Stand. A beating-implement used in scutching flax by hand. The sword a is held…

"Scutellate. Foot of bluebird, with laminiplantar and mostly booted tarsus and of the toes." -Whitney, 1911

Bluebird Foot

"Scutellate. Foot of bluebird, with laminiplantar and mostly booted tarsus and of the toes." -Whitney,…

"Scutelliplantar foot of horned lark: the tarsus scutellate before and behind, and the toes all scutellate on top." -Whitney, 1911

Lark Foot

"Scutelliplantar foot of horned lark: the tarsus scutellate before and behind, and the toes all scutellate…

"Scyphistoma stage of Cyanaea capillata, showing two ordinary hydrae tubae, between which are two others, a, b, undergoing fission (the strobila stage)." -Whitney, 1911

Lion's Mane Jellyfish

"Scyphistoma stage of Cyanaea capillata, showing two ordinary hydrae tubae, between which are two others,…

"Seaming-Maching. (a), vertical shaft and support, horizontally adjustable, and carrying at the top (a) former (f); (b), (a) counterpart former working at right angles with (f) on the support (c); (d), screw with crank by which (b) can be set toward or away from (f); (e), crank keyed to the shaft of (b). The edge of the metal is passed under (b) and over (f) which the crank (e) is turned." -Whitney, 1911

Seaming Machine

"Seaming-Maching. (a), vertical shaft and support, horizontally adjustable, and carrying at the top…

"Sea-walls. A. Plymouth (England) breakwater; a, a, level of the top; b, b, low water at spring tide; c, bottom; d, foreshore; e, sea-slope; f, top." -Whitney, 1911

Plymouth Breakwater

"Sea-walls. A. Plymouth (England) breakwater; a, a, level of the top; b, b, low water at spring tide;…

"B. Sea-dike: e, the sea-bottom; a, rubble; b, core; c, facing of stone; d, sea-level." -Whitney, 1911

Sea-Dike

"B. Sea-dike: e, the sea-bottom; a, rubble; b, core; c, facing of stone; d, sea-level." -Whitney, 1911

'C and D. Sectional diagrams of inclosure of Zuid Plas, near Rotterdam, Holland." -Whitney, 1911

Zuidplas

'C and D. Sectional diagrams of inclosure of Zuid Plas, near Rotterdam, Holland." -Whitney, 1911

'C and D. Sectional diagrams of inclosure of Zuid Plas, near Rotterdam, Holland." -Whitney, 1911

Zuidplas

'C and D. Sectional diagrams of inclosure of Zuid Plas, near Rotterdam, Holland." -Whitney, 1911

"E. Dutch polder-bank, consisting of sheet-piling with earth filling, and an apron of rubble on the side toward the sea." -Whitney, 1911

Polder

"E. Dutch polder-bank, consisting of sheet-piling with earth filling, and an apron of rubble on the…

"F. Wall of sheet-piling at Havre, France, with earth embankment behind the piles." -Whitney, 1911

Sheet Piling

"F. Wall of sheet-piling at Havre, France, with earth embankment behind the piles." -Whitney, 1911

"In meteorology, a subsidiary cyclonic circulation, generally on the border of a primary cyclone accompanied by rain, thunder-storms, and squalls: indicated on a weather-map by the bulging of a sea-level isobar toward the region of higher pressure." -Whitney, 1911

Secondary

"In meteorology, a subsidiary cyclonic circulation, generally on the border of a primary cyclone accompanied…

"A skull-cap of steel worn sometimes under and sometimes over the camail." -Whitney, 1911

Secret

"A skull-cap of steel worn sometimes under and sometimes over the camail." -Whitney, 1911

"In geometry: (a) A plane figure inclosed between the arc of a circle, ellipse, or other central curve and two radii to its extremities from the center. Thus, in the figure, CDB is a sector of a circle." -Whitney, 1911

Sector

"In geometry: (a) A plane figure inclosed between the arc of a circle, ellipse, or other central curve…

"Seed-corn Maggot (Phorbia fusciceps). a, maggot; b, pupa. Kernels of Maize, showing work of the maggot." -Whitney, 1911

Seed-Corn Maggot

"Seed-corn Maggot (Phorbia fusciceps). a, maggot; b, pupa. Kernels of Maize, showing work of the maggot."…

"Seine-boat. A boat specially designed or used for holding, carrying, or paying out a seine" (a large fishing net). -Whitney, 1911

Seine Boat

"Seine-boat. A boat specially designed or used for holding, carrying, or paying out a seine" (a large…

"Seismoscope. a, heavy mass supported by loop at point near center of gravity; b, point on which upper side of loop rests; c, long needle projecting from upper side of loop; d, conducting-wire; e, binding-post; f, long arm of lever pivoted at k; g, point where end of lever rests on end of needle; h, mercury-cup." -Whitney, 1911

Seismoscope

"Seismoscope. a, heavy mass supported by loop at point near center of gravity; b, point on which upper…

"Sekos- Plan of the Great Hall of the Mysteries, Eleusis, as excavated in 1888." -Whitney, 1911

Sekos

"Sekos- Plan of the Great Hall of the Mysteries, Eleusis, as excavated in 1888." -Whitney, 1911

"Self-heal. (Prunella vulgaris). The upper part of the stem with flowers. a, the calyx; b, the corolla; c, a leaf; d, a bract from the inflorescence." -Whitney, 1911

Self-Heal

"Self-heal. (Prunella vulgaris). The upper part of the stem with flowers. a, the calyx; b, the corolla;…

"Railway Semaphore. a, lever, which operates both b, blade, and c, lantern." -Whitney, 1911

Railroad Semaphore

"Railway Semaphore. a, lever, which operates both b, blade, and c, lantern." -Whitney, 1911

"Semi-columns (Roman). Engaged columns of the Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France." -Whitney, 1911

Semi-Columns

"Semi-columns (Roman). Engaged columns of the Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France." -Whitney,…

"Semi-dome, exterior. Apse of Suleimanié Mosque, Constantinople (A.D. 1550)." -Whitney, 1911

Suleimanié Mosque

"Semi-dome, exterior. Apse of Suleimanié Mosque, Constantinople (A.D. 1550)." -Whitney, 1911

"Semi-dome, interior. Apse of Suleimanié Mosque, Constantinople (A.D. 1550)." -Whitney, 1911

Suleimanié Mosque

"Semi-dome, interior. Apse of Suleimanié Mosque, Constantinople (A.D. 1550)." -Whitney, 1911

"Semiotellus chalcidiphagus. a, female, from side." -Whitney, 1911

Wasp

"Semiotellus chalcidiphagus. a, female, from side." -Whitney, 1911

"Semiotellus chalcidiphagus. a, male, from above." -Whitney, 1911

Wasp

"Semiotellus chalcidiphagus. a, male, from above." -Whitney, 1911

"Flowering branch of Senna (Cassia obovata). a, a pod." -Whitney, 1911

Senna

"Flowering branch of Senna (Cassia obovata). a, a pod." -Whitney, 1911

"a, flower of Caltha palustris, showing the petaloid sepals s." -Whitney, 1911

Kingcup

"a, flower of Caltha palustris, showing the petaloid sepals s." -Whitney, 1911

"b, one of the sepals" of the flower of Caltha palustris, or Kingcup. -Whitney, 1911

Kingcup Sepal

"b, one of the sepals" of the flower of Caltha palustris, or Kingcup. -Whitney, 1911

"c, flower of Cerastium longipedunculatum, seen from below: s, a sepal." -Whitney, 1911

Nodding Chickweed

"c, flower of Cerastium longipedunculatum, seen from below: s, a sepal." -Whitney, 1911

"d, calyx, showing the five free sepals" of the Nodding Chickweed (Cerastium nutans) -Whitney, 1911

Nodding Chickweed

"d, calyx, showing the five free sepals" of the Nodding Chickweed (Cerastium nutans) -Whitney, 1911

"A glass vessel used to separate liquids which differ in specific gravity and are not miscible." -Whitney, 1911

Separator

"A glass vessel used to separate liquids which differ in specific gravity and are not miscible." -Whitney,…

"Septicidal Dehiscence. v, valves; d, dissepiments; c, axis. In botany, noting a mode of dehiscence in which the pericarp or fruit is resolved into its component carpels by splitting asunder through the dissepiments." -Whitney, 1911

Septicidal Dehiscence

"Septicidal Dehiscence. v, valves; d, dissepiments; c, axis. In botany, noting a mode of dehiscence…

"Fruit of Poppy, cut transversely to show the 12 septa (S) with the seeds." -Whitney, 1911

Poppy Septa

"Fruit of Poppy, cut transversely to show the 12 septa (S) with the seeds." -Whitney, 1911

"Diagram of fruit of Poppy, cut transversely to show the 12 septa (S) with the seeds omitted." -Whitney, 1911

Poppy Septa

"Diagram of fruit of Poppy, cut transversely to show the 12 septa (S) with the seeds omitted." -Whitney,…