Leaves mostly basal, heart shaped; flowers purple.

Pontederia

Leaves mostly basal, heart shaped; flowers purple.

Sheaths around stem above each point of leaf-attachment; flowers white to red, not fragrant.

Polygonum

Sheaths around stem above each point of leaf-attachment; flowers white to red, not fragrant.

Stems with no sheaths; flowers white, fragrant.

Saururus

Stems with no sheaths; flowers white, fragrant.

Leaves large, 2 dm or more in diameter, impossible to wet; flowers solitary, showy, yellow.

Nelumbo

Leaves large, 2 dm or more in diameter, impossible to wet; flowers solitary, showy, yellow.

Leaves with several very prominent ribs running from base to apex.

Alismaceae

Leaves with several very prominent ribs running from base to apex.

"Red Baneberry, showing flowering plant and fruiting raceme."-Whitney, 1902

Actaea

"Red Baneberry, showing flowering plant and fruiting raceme."-Whitney, 1902

Plants white-powdery above; plants extremely large, usually over 1 m.

Thalia

Plants white-powdery above; plants extremely large, usually over 1 m.

Plants smaller; not wite-powdery above; leaves shed water easily; flowers along fleshy spike enclosed in a leafy sheath.

Orontium

Plants smaller; not wite-powdery above; leaves shed water easily; flowers along fleshy spike enclosed…

Flowers many; leaves large, over 10cm long.

Pontederia

Flowers many; leaves large, over 10cm long.

Flowers solitary; leaves small, less than 5 cm long.

Heteranthera

Flowers solitary; leaves small, less than 5 cm long.

Leaf, when examined against light with lens, showing semitransparent dots; flowers yellow or pink.

Hypericum

Leaf, when examined against light with lens, showing semitransparent dots; flowers yellow or pink.

Flowers not showy, in axils of leaves, mostly purple.

Ammannia

Flowers not showy, in axils of leaves, mostly purple.

"Adlumia cirrhosa; single leaf and panicle"-Whitney, 1902

Adlumia

"Adlumia cirrhosa; single leaf and panicle"-Whitney, 1902

"Adnate Anther, Adnate Stipule."-Whitney, 1902

Adnate

"Adnate Anther, Adnate Stipule."-Whitney, 1902

Leaves covered with tiny black dots visible with lens; flowers small, white.

Gratiola

Leaves covered with tiny black dots visible with lens; flowers small, white.

Flowers irregular, purplish.

Justicia

Flowers irregular, purplish.

Stems woody at least at base, arching; flowers purple-pink, in auxiliary clusters.

Decodon

Stems woody at least at base, arching; flowers purple-pink, in auxiliary clusters.

Flowers purple; plant usually corky at base.

Lythrum

Flowers purple; plant usually corky at base.

Flowers white, or, if pink, with a yellow or green eye in the center.

Sabatia

Flowers white, or, if pink, with a yellow or green eye in the center.

Flowers in terminal clusters.

Cynoctonum

Flowers in terminal clusters.

Flowers with small appendages between the sepals.

Rotala

Flowers with small appendages between the sepals.

Flowers without small appendages between the sepals.

Didiplis

Flowers without small appendages between the sepals.

calyx of flower bearing a crest above.

Scutellaria

calyx of flower bearing a crest above.

Calyx bearing no crest.

Mimulus

Calyx bearing no crest.

Flowers small, white, gathered in dense, sessile clusters in the axils of the leaves.

Lycopus

Flowers small, white, gathered in dense, sessile clusters in the axils of the leaves.

Leaves small, mostly under 3cm long; usually with black dots visible with a lens covering them.

Gratiola

Leaves small, mostly under 3cm long; usually with black dots visible with a lens covering them.

Plants decumbent at base and usually rooting at the lower nodes.

Lippia

Plants decumbent at base and usually rooting at the lower nodes.

Leaves long petioled; flowers inconspicuous.

Boehmeria

Leaves long petioled; flowers inconspicuous.

Leaves sessile or very short petioled; flowers showy.

Rhexia

Leaves sessile or very short petioled; flowers showy.

Leaves long petioled; flowers minute, in sessile clusters on branch.

Boehmeria

Leaves long petioled; flowers minute, in sessile clusters on branch.

Flowers white or purplish.

Eupatorium

Flowers white or purplish.

Leaves large, mostly over 6 cm wide; flowers yellow, very large.

Canna

Leaves large, mostly over 6 cm wide; flowers yellow, very large.

Leaves smaller; flowers individually small, in terminal spike-like clusters.

Habenaria

Leaves smaller; flowers individually small, in terminal spike-like clusters.

Plant with broad leaves, many basal; flowers stalked and drooping.

Rumex

Plant with broad leaves, many basal; flowers stalked and drooping.

Plant with narrower leaves, none basal; flowers sessile, in terminal spikes.

Polygonum

Plant with narrower leaves, none basal; flowers sessile, in terminal spikes.

Leaves not over twice as long as broad.

Samalus

Leaves not over twice as long as broad.

Large herb with a very stout stem, often from 1 to 3dm in diameter at base, over 1.5m tall.

Acnida

Large herb with a very stout stem, often from 1 to 3dm in diameter at base, over 1.5m tall.

Sepals united at base into a tube enclosing the ovary and later the fruit; leaves with spines in axils.

Hydrolea

Sepals united at base into a tube enclosing the ovary and later the fruit; leaves with spines in axils.

Sepals longer than the calyx tube, reflexed.

Campanula

Sepals longer than the calyx tube, reflexed.

Capsule or calyx tube short and stout, not reflexed.

Ludwigia

Capsule or calyx tube short and stout, not reflexed.

Capsule or calyx tube long and slender, ovre 1.5cm long; stamens.

Jussiaea

Capsule or calyx tube long and slender, ovre 1.5cm long; stamens.

flowers in terminal clusters which may be compound.

Polygala

flowers in terminal clusters which may be compound.

flowers solitary or a few in hte axils of the leaves.

Hygrophila

flowers solitary or a few in hte axils of the leaves.

Leaves aromatic when crushed.

Pluchea

Leaves aromatic when crushed.

Large leaves, over 5 cm broad; flowers large, over 5cm across.

Hibiscus

Large leaves, over 5 cm broad; flowers large, over 5cm across.

Flowers conspicuous, white, 4-petaled.

Neobeckia

Flowers conspicuous, white, 4-petaled.

Flowers greenish, 5-petaled.

Penthorum

Flowers greenish, 5-petaled.

Flowers sessile, in the axils of the leaves; fruit a single 3-angled nutlet.

Proserpinaca

Flowers sessile, in the axils of the leaves; fruit a single 3-angled nutlet.

Flowers stalked; fruit a group of several, scarcely angled, small nutlets.

Ranunculus

Flowers stalked; fruit a group of several, scarcely angled, small nutlets.

"Century-plant. A large North American genus of plants, of the natural order Amaryllidaceæ, chiefly Mexican."-Whitney, 1902

Agave

"Century-plant. A large North American genus of plants, of the natural order Amaryllidaceæ, chiefly…

"Seeds cut vertically, showing their Embryos and Albumen."-Whitney, 1902

Seeds

"Seeds cut vertically, showing their Embryos and Albumen."-Whitney, 1902

"Ament-A kind of inflorescence consisting of unisexual apetalous flowers growing in the axils of scales or bracts ranged along a talk or axis."-Whitney, 1902

Willow

"Ament-A kind of inflorescence consisting of unisexual apetalous flowers growing in the axils of scales…

"The numerous species of <em>Coccinellae</em> feed upon <em>aphides</em>, or <em>Plant lice</em>, both in the larva and perfect states, and are often seen on fruit-trees, as the pear, peach, and plum, and on rose-bushes and other shrubs." &mdash Goodrich, 1859

Ladybird

"The numerous species of Coccinellae feed upon aphides, or Plant lice, both…

Tobacco plant

Tobacco

Tobacco plant

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphidid&aelig; and order Homoptera."-Whitney, 1902

Geranium Plant Louse

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphididæ and order Homoptera."-Whitney,…

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphidid&aelig; and order Homoptera."-Whitney, 1902

Apple Louse

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphididæ and order Homoptera."-Whitney,…

"Common Peanut (Arachis hypog&aelig;a). a, flowers; b, ovaries on lengthened stipes; c, forming fruit; d, ripe pod; e, pod opened, showing seeds."-Whitney, 1902

Common peanut

"Common Peanut (Arachis hypogæa). a, flowers; b, ovaries on lengthened stipes; c, forming fruit;…

"Cacao, or cocoa, is the chocolate tree, and also the powder and beverage made with it obtained from the fruit of this tree. The tree is 16 to 18 feet high, a native of tropical America, and much cultivated in the tropics of both hemispheres, especially in the West India Islands, Central and South America. Its fruit is contained in pointed, oval, ribbed pods 6 to 10 inches long, each inclosing 50 to 100 seeds in a white, sweetish pulp. The term coca is a corruption of cacao, but is more commonly used in commerce: cocoa nuts, however, are obtained from an entirely different tree."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cacao Plant

"Cacao, or cocoa, is the chocolate tree, and also the powder and beverage made with it obtained from…

"This may be considered as one of the greatest wonders of nature, it being a real animal, having blood, and feeding upon other marine animals, yet having the form of a plant, and living like a plant, fixed to a rock in the deep sea." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Medusa's head pentacrinus

"This may be considered as one of the greatest wonders of nature, it being a real animal, having blood,…

Chicory is a flowering plant with blue flowers, originally from the Old World but now seen growing wild as a weed in North America.

Chicory

Chicory is a flowering plant with blue flowers, originally from the Old World but now seen growing wild…