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Anterior or dorsal section of the medulla oblongata in the region of the superior pyramidal decussation. a.m.f, anterior median fissure; f.a., superficial arciform fibers emerging from the fissure; py., pyramid, n.ar., nuclei of arciform fibers; f.a., deep arciform becoming superficial; o, lower end of olivary nucleus; n.l., nucleus lateralis; f.r., formatio reticularis; f.a. 2, arciform fibers proceeding from the formatio reicularis; g, substantia gelatinosa of Rolando; a.V., ascending root of fifth nerve; n.c., nucleus cuneatus; n.c.', external cuneate nucleus; n.g., nucleus gracilis; f.g., funiculus gracilis; p.m.f., posterior median fissure; c., central canal surrounded by gray matter, in which are n. XI., nucleus of the spinal accessory, and n. XII., nucleus of the hypoglossal; s.d., superior pyramidal decussation.

Medulla Oblongata

Anterior or dorsal section of the medulla oblongata in the region of the superior pyramidal decussation.…

Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olivary body. f.l.a., anterior median fissure; n.ar., nucleus arciformis; p., pyramid; XII., bundle of hypoglossal nerve emerging from the surface; at b, it is seen coursing between the pyramid and the olivary nucleus, o.; f.a.e., external arciform fibers; n.l., nucleus lateralis; a., arciform fibers passing towards restiform body, partly through the substantia gelatinosa, g., partly superficial to the ascending root of the fifth nerve, a.V.; X., bundle of vagus root emerging; f.r., formatio reticularis; c.r., corpus restiform, beginning to be formed, chiefly by arciform fibers, superficial and deep; n.c., nucleus of the funiculus teres; n.am., nucleus ambiguus; r., raphe; A., continuation of the anterior column of cord; o', o", accessory olivary nucleus; p.o., pedunculus olivae.

Medulla Oblongata

Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olivary body. f.l.a., anterior median fissure;…

Outline sketch of a section of the cerebellum, showing the corpus dentatum. The section has been carried through the left lateral part of the pons, so as to divide the superior peduncle and pass nearly through the middle of the left cerebellar hemisphere. The olivary body has also been divided longitudinally so as to expose in section its corpus dentatum. c r, crus cerebri; f, fillet; q, corpora quadrigemina; s p, superior peduncle of the cerebellum divided; m p, middle peduncle or lateral part of the pons Varolii, with fibers passing from it into the white stem; a v, continuation of the white stem radiating towards the arbor vitae of the folia; c d, corpus dentatum; o, olivary body with its corpus dentatum; p, anterior pyramid.

The Cerebellum of the Brain

Outline sketch of a section of the cerebellum, showing the corpus dentatum. The section has been carried…

"Morphology of typical monocotyledonous plant. A, leaf, parallel-veined; B, portion of stem, showing irregular distribution of vascular bundles; C, ground plan of flower (the parts in 3's); D, top view of flower; E, seed, showing monocotyledonous embryo." -Gager, 1916

Monocotyledonous Morphology

"Morphology of typical monocotyledonous plant. A, leaf, parallel-veined; B, portion of stem, showing…

"Morphology of a typical dicotyledonous plant. A, leaf, pinnately-netted veined; B, portion of stem, showing concentric layers of wood; C, ground-plan of flower (the parts in 5's); D, perspective of flower; E, longitudinal section of seed, showing dicotyledonous embryo." -Gager, 1916

Dicotyledonous Morphology

"Morphology of a typical dicotyledonous plant. A, leaf, pinnately-netted veined; B, portion of stem,…

Diagram of the aortic arches in a mammal, showing transformations which give rise to the permanent arterial vessels. A, primitive arterial stem or aortic bulb, now divided into A, the ascending part of the aortic arch, and p, the pulmonary; a, a', right and left aortic roots; A', descending aorta; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the five primitive aortic or branchial arches; I, II, III, IV, the four branchial clefts which, for the sake of clearness, have been omitted on the right side. The permanent systemic vessels are deeply, the pulmonary arteries lightly, shaded; the parts of the primitive arches which are transitory are simply outlined; c, placed between the permanent common carotid arteries; c e, external carotid arteries; c i, internal carotid arteries; s, right subclavian, rising from the right aortic root beyond the fifth arch; v, right vertebral from the same, opposite the fourth arch; v' s', left vertebral and subclavian arteries rising together from the left, or permanent aortic root, opposite the forth arch; p, pulmonary arteries rising together from the left fifth arch, forming ductus arteriosus; p n, p n', right and left pneumogastric nerves descending in from of aortic arch, with their recurrent branches represented diagrammatically as passing behind, to illustrate the relations of these nerves respectively to the right subclavian artery (4) and the arch of the aorta and ductus arteriosus (d).

Aortic Arches in a Mammal

Diagram of the aortic arches in a mammal, showing transformations which give rise to the permanent arterial…

A bean plant showing roots, stem, leaves, and beans.

Bean Sprout

A bean plant showing roots, stem, leaves, and beans.

"The feathers are horny productions, consisting of a hollow tube or barrel and a stem rising from it."

Wing of Kamichi, or Crested Screamer

"The feathers are horny productions, consisting of a hollow tube or barrel and a stem rising from it."

"The feathers are horny productions, consisting of a hollow tube or barrel and a stem rising from it."

Feather Tube

"The feathers are horny productions, consisting of a hollow tube or barrel and a stem rising from it."

"The feathers are horny productions, consisting of a hollow tube or barrel and a stem rising from it."

Feather Shaft

"The feathers are horny productions, consisting of a hollow tube or barrel and a stem rising from it."

"The feathers are horny productions, consisting of a hollow tube or barrel and a stem rising from it. The webs are convex above, and are thus enabled to resist flexion or fracture from beneath better than from any other direction."

Feather Web

"The feathers are horny productions, consisting of a hollow tube or barrel and a stem rising from it.…

"They feed on honey extracted from flowers and the sap from the sugar-cane, the juice of which they suck through crevices made in the stem."

Columbian Thornbill

"They feed on honey extracted from flowers and the sap from the sugar-cane, the juice of which they…

"Their attitudes deceive even the close observer; they embrace the stem of the leaf or twig with their hinder or intermediate legs, whilst the rest of their body, vertically elevated, remans stiff and immovable for hours together."

Caterpillar of the Canary-Shouldered Thorn

"Their attitudes deceive even the close observer; they embrace the stem of the leaf or twig with their…

The right lateral aspect of the brain stem after the cerebral hemisphere (except the Corpus striatum) and the cerebellum (except the Nucleus dentatus) have been removed.

Brain Stem and Adjacent Structures

The right lateral aspect of the brain stem after the cerebral hemisphere (except the Corpus striatum)…

Amole has a cluster of thick spiny-margined leaves, from which arises a stem an inch or two in diameter, bearing at the top a showy pancle of creamy white flowers.

Amole (agave parryi)

Amole has a cluster of thick spiny-margined leaves, from which arises a stem an inch or two in diameter,…

"There are solitary wasps which make their cells in holes, which they scoop out in the ground or in stalks or certain plants. Its nest is made in the stock of a bramble or brier."

Nest of an Odynerus Wasp in the Stem of a Bramble

"There are solitary wasps which make their cells in holes, which they scoop out in the ground or in…

Simplified drawing of brain as seen from below, showing relations of brain stem to spinal cord and cerebrum.

Relation of Brain Stem to Spinal Cord

Simplified drawing of brain as seen from below, showing relations of brain stem to spinal cord and cerebrum.

Simplified drawing of brain as seen in mesial section, showing relation of brain stem, cerebrum and cerebellum, and ventricular spaces.

Brain in Mesial Section

Simplified drawing of brain as seen in mesial section, showing relation of brain stem, cerebrum and…

Sagittal section of brain stem; plane of section is somewhat lateral to midline.

Sagittal Section of Brain Stem

Sagittal section of brain stem; plane of section is somewhat lateral to midline.

Vermicularia trichella is a fungal plant disease that causes leaf and stem spot in English Ivy.

Fungal Disease

Vermicularia trichella is a fungal plant disease that causes leaf and stem spot in English Ivy.

"The <em>Umbellularia Groenlandica</em> has a very long stem, which is terminated at the summit only by a cluster of polyps. It is an inhabitant of the northern seas."

Umbellularia Groenlandica (Lamarck)

"The Umbellularia Groenlandica has a very long stem, which is terminated at the summit only…

"The <em>Crinoidea</em>, which belong to the family of starfishes, are mostly attached to marine rocks by a sort of root, having a long, flexible stem, which enables them to execute movements in the circle limited only by the length of this stem."

Pentacrinus Caput Medusae (Muller)

"The Crinoidea, which belong to the family of starfishes, are mostly attached to marine rocks…

"The <em>Crinoidea</em>, which belong to the family of starfishes, are mostly attached to marine rocks by a sort of root. Another division of this family, although at first fixed to some rooted stem, in their adult state they throw off the bonds and move freely, swimming through the water water or clinging to mussel or oyster banks."

Pentacrinus Europaeus (Thompson)

"The Crinoidea, which belong to the family of starfishes, are mostly attached to marine rocks…

"Sections of the stem of a Brazilian Vellozia; 1. transversely; 2, 3. longitudinally." -Lindley, 1853

Brazilian Vellozia

"Sections of the stem of a Brazilian Vellozia; 1. transversely; 2, 3. longitudinally." -Lindley, 1853

"Accidental manner of producing a jointed stem in Aspasia epidendroides." -Lindley, 1853

Aspasia

"Accidental manner of producing a jointed stem in Aspasia epidendroides." -Lindley, 1853

"Cissampelos tropaeolifolia. 1. a female flower; 2. a portion of a fruit, with the seed laid bare; 3. a perpendicular section of a fruit." -Lindley, 1853

Cissampelos

"Cissampelos tropaeolifolia. 1. a female flower; 2. a portion of a fruit, with the seed laid bare; 3.…

"Casearia grandiflora. 1. part of a calyx split open; 2. the pistil half grown; 3. section across the ovary; 4. section of seed; 5. seed; 6. aril, removed from the seed." -Lindley, 1853

Casearia

"Casearia grandiflora. 1. part of a calyx split open; 2. the pistil half grown; 3. section across the…

"Cistus Berthelotianus. 1. a vertical section of ovary and calyx; 2. a seed cut through; the pointed end being the true apex." -Lindley, 1853

Cistus

"Cistus Berthelotianus. 1. a vertical section of ovary and calyx; 2. a seed cut through; the pointed…

"Erucastrum Canariense. 1. a flower. 2. the stamens; 3. the siliqua, with the valve separating from the replum; 4. a transverse section of a seed; 5. a perfect seed." -Lindley, 1853

Crucifer

"Erucastrum Canariense. 1. a flower. 2. the stamens; 3. the siliqua, with the valve separating from…

"Cheiranthus cheiri; 2. its stigma; 3. the same with one valve off; 4. a cross section of a seed; 5. a diagram to illustrate the position of the parts of the flower." -Lindley, 1853

Aegean Wallflower

"Cheiranthus cheiri; 2. its stigma; 3. the same with one valve off; 4. a cross section of a seed; 5.…

"Maerua angolensis. 1. a ripe fruit; 2. a seed; 3. a section of it." -Lindley, 1853

Maerua

"Maerua angolensis. 1. a ripe fruit; 2. a seed; 3. a section of it." -Lindley, 1853

"Melochia graminifolia. 1. flower; 2. stamens and pistil; 3. ripe fruit; 4. a coccus; 5. section of a seed." -Lindley, 1853

Malvale

"Melochia graminifolia. 1. flower; 2. stamens and pistil; 3. ripe fruit; 4. a coccus; 5. section of…

"Viviania crenata; 1. a flower; 2. a section of the ovary; 3. stamens and ovary." -Lindley, 1853

Viviania

"Viviania crenata; 1. a flower; 2. a section of the ovary; 3. stamens and ovary." -Lindley, 1853

"Flower of Tropaeolum majus showing the spur." -Lindley, 1853

Garden Nasturtium

"Flower of Tropaeolum majus showing the spur." -Lindley, 1853

"Abutilon macropodum. 1. an unexpanded flower; 2. the stamens and styles; 3. a ripe fruit, consisting of many carpels, whose upper extremities are free and radiant." -Lindley, 1853

Abutilon

"Abutilon macropodum. 1. an unexpanded flower; 2. the stamens and styles; 3. a ripe fruit, consisting…

"Tetratheca hirsuta. 1. the stamens; 2. the pistil, with one of the cells laid open." -Lindley, 1853

Tetratheca

"Tetratheca hirsuta. 1. the stamens; 2. the pistil, with one of the cells laid open." -Lindley, 1853

"Lophira alata. a an anther; b a perpendicular section of an ovary; e a fruit; d a perpendicular section of a fruit." -Lindley, 1853

Azobe

"Lophira alata. a an anther; b a perpendicular section of an ovary; e a fruit; d a perpendicular section…

"Ruyschia amazonica. 1. a calyx and pistil; 2. a section of the ovary; 3. a seed; 4. the same, with a portion of the testa torn open to show the cotyledons." -Lindley, 1853

Ruyschia

"Ruyschia amazonica. 1. a calyx and pistil; 2. a section of the ovary; 3. a seed; 4. the same, with…

"Magnolia glauca. 1. the pistil; 2. a section of the seed." -Lindley, 1853

Sweetbay Magnolia

"Magnolia glauca. 1. the pistil; 2. a section of the seed." -Lindley, 1853

"Dionaea muscipula. 1. its pistil; 2. a sectional view of it showing the placentae; 3. a seed; 4. the same without its crustaceous skin, and opened so as to show the embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Venus Flytrap

"Dionaea muscipula. 1. its pistil; 2. a sectional view of it showing the placentae; 3. a seed; 4. the…

"Berberis vulgaris. 1. stamen; 2. perpendicular section of a pistil with one stamen and one petal adhering; 3. cross section of the fruit; 4. 5. perpendicular section of the seed of B. bulgaris and B. Aquifolium." -Lindley, 1853

European Barberry

"Berberis vulgaris. 1. stamen; 2. perpendicular section of a pistil with one stamen and one petal adhering;…

"Pistacia atlantica. 1. male flowers; 2. an ovary; 3. the same cut open to show the ovule; 4. a ripe fruit opened to show the seed; 5. a cross section of the embryo; 6. female flowers." -Lindley, 1853

Betoum

"Pistacia atlantica. 1. male flowers; 2. an ovary; 3. the same cut open to show the ovule; 4. a ripe…

"Eriostemon myoporoides. 1. a complete flower; 2. the ovary, seated in a cup-shaped disk, surrounded by a calyx; 3. the ripe fruit, separated spontaneously into its component carpels." -Lindley, 1853

White Star

"Eriostemon myoporoides. 1. a complete flower; 2. the ovary, seated in a cup-shaped disk, surrounded…

"Toddalia floribunda. 1. a flower; 2. a pair of carpels, one of which shows its ovule; 3. fruits; 4. a perpendicular section of one of them." -Lindley, 1853

Toddalia

"Toddalia floribunda. 1. a flower; 2. a pair of carpels, one of which shows its ovule; 3. fruits; 4.…

"Ochna dubia. 1. expanded flower; 2. section of pistil and stamens; 3. pistil; 4. section of a ripe carpel." -Lindley, 1853

Ochna

"Ochna dubia. 1. expanded flower; 2. section of pistil and stamens; 3. pistil; 4. section of a ripe…

Kava or Piper methysticum is a crop from the pepper family.

Kava

Kava or Piper methysticum is a crop from the pepper family.

Diplusodon arboreus is a flowering plant of the Lythraceae family.

Diplusodon

Diplusodon arboreus is a flowering plant of the Lythraceae family.

"Symphytum officinale; 2. a diagram of its flower; 3. its pistil; 4. the calyx opened, with two of the nuts remaining; 5. a vertical section of a nut." -Lindley, 1853

Comfrey

"Symphytum officinale; 2. a diagram of its flower; 3. its pistil; 4. the calyx opened, with two of the…

"Callicarpa longifolia. 1. flower opened longitudinally; 2. part of fruit of C. americana; 3. its seed." -Lindley, 1853

Beautyberry

"Callicarpa longifolia. 1. flower opened longitudinally; 2. part of fruit of C. americana; 3. its seed."…

"1. Medinilla macrocarpa; 2. stamens of M. radicans; 3. perpendicular section of its ovary; 4. a section of its seed; 5. embryo." -Lindley. 1853

Medinilla

"1. Medinilla macrocarpa; 2. stamens of M. radicans; 3. perpendicular section of its ovary; 4. a section…

Medinilla Sieboldiana is a flowering plant of the Melastomataceae family.

Siebold's Medinilla

Medinilla Sieboldiana is a flowering plant of the Melastomataceae family.

"Upper part of stem with the inflorescence of Samphire (Crithmum maritimum). (a), a flower; (b), the fruit; (c), transverse section of one of the fruitlets." -Whitney, 1911

Rock Samphire

"Upper part of stem with the inflorescence of Samphire (Crithmum maritimum). (a), a flower; (b), the…

"Flowering plant of sanicle (Sanicula marilandica). (a), a male flower; (b), the fruit." -Whitney, 1911

Maryland Black Snakeroot

"Flowering plant of sanicle (Sanicula marilandica). (a), a male flower; (b), the fruit." -Whitney, 1911

The stem of the mock strawberry (Duchesnea indica), a flowering plant that gets its name from its fruit's resemblance to the strawberry.

Mock Strawberry

The stem of the mock strawberry (Duchesnea indica), a flowering plant that gets its name from its fruit's…

"Branch of Sarsaparilla (Smilax medica), with fruits." -Whitney, 1911

Sarsaparilla

"Branch of Sarsaparilla (Smilax medica), with fruits." -Whitney, 1911

"Flowering branch of Lizardtail (Saururus cernuus). a, flower." -Whitney, 1911

Lizard's Tail

"Flowering branch of Lizardtail (Saururus cernuus). a, flower." -Whitney, 1911

The Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis) is a flowering plant of the Lamiaceae family. The image shows its: a, corolla; b, calyx; and c, pistil.

Summer Savory

The Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis) is a flowering plant of the Lamiaceae family. The image shows…

"Flowering plant of saxifrage (Saxifraga virginiensis). a, a flower; b, the fruit." -Whitney, 1911

Early Saxifrage

"Flowering plant of saxifrage (Saxifraga virginiensis). a, a flower; b, the fruit." -Whitney, 1911

A variety of leaves with scales: "a, the scale-like leaves of the stem of Lathraea squamaria (toothwort); b, the cone with the scales of Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean Cypress); c, the imbricate scale-like bract of the spike of Cyperus longus (common galingale)." -Whitney, 1911

Scaled Leaves

A variety of leaves with scales: "a, the scale-like leaves of the stem of Lathraea squamaria (toothwort);…

A scape is a flowering, leafless stem; shown here on two different plants. "1. Wild hyacinth (Scilla nonscripta). 2. Oxlip (Primula elatior). s, s, scapes." -Whitney, 1911

Scapes

A scape is a flowering, leafless stem; shown here on two different plants. "1. Wild hyacinth (Scilla…