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(1706-1790) US diplomat, inventor, politician, and printer

Dr. Benjamin Franklin

(1706-1790) US diplomat, inventor, politician, and printer

(1706-1790) United States diplomat, inventor, politician, and printer. Invented the Franklin stove, lighting rod and bifocal glasses. Served in the Constitutional Convention of 1787

Dr. Benjamin Franklin

(1706-1790) United States diplomat, inventor, politician, and printer. Invented the Franklin stove,…

(1706-1790) United States diplomat, inventor, politician, and printer. Invented the Franklin stove, lighting rod and bifocal glasses. Served in the Constitutional Convention of 1787

Dr. Benjamin Franklin

(1706-1790) United States diplomat, inventor, politician, and printer. Invented the Franklin stove,…

(1706-1790) United States diplomat, inventor, politician, and printer. Invented the Franklin stove, lighting rod and bifocal glasses. Served in the Constitutional Convention of 1787

Dr. Benjamin Franklin

(1706-1790) United States diplomat, inventor, politician, and printer. Invented the Franklin stove,…

This singularly formed fish, the torpedo, has two electrical batteries-that is, machines for making electricity or lighting, (Hooker, 1886).

Ray

This singularly formed fish, the torpedo, has two electrical batteries-that is, machines for making…

Tungsten incandescent lamp.

Electric Light, Tungsten Incandescent Lamp

Tungsten incandescent lamp.

Induction motor.

Induction Motor

Induction motor.

An electrical instrument consisting of two plates, which can produce a spark.

Electrophotus

An electrical instrument consisting of two plates, which can produce a spark.

Apparatus for showing the presence of electricity without giving quantitative measurements.

Electroscope

Apparatus for showing the presence of electricity without giving quantitative measurements.

Hand attaching wire to an Edison light bulb.

Hand and light bulb

Hand attaching wire to an Edison light bulb.

The dynamo machine generates electric currents by converting motive power into electricity through the agency of conductors and magnets.

Dynamo

The dynamo machine generates electric currents by converting motive power into electricity through the…

Conductor for electricity.

Simple Electroscope

Conductor for electricity.

Device for electrostatic induction.

Electrostatic Induction

Device for electrostatic induction.

The System of Arc Lights is a device used to obtain electric light by conducting a current of electricity through a resisting medium, as a gas or a carbon wire.

System of Arc Lights

The System of Arc Lights is a device used to obtain electric light by conducting a current of electricity…

The System of Incandescent Lights is a device in which electric light is obtained by conducting a current of electricity through a resisting medium, as a gas or a carbon wire.

System of Incandescent Lights

The System of Incandescent Lights is a device in which electric light is obtained by conducting a current…

Electrical incandescent light bulb.

Incandescent

Electrical incandescent light bulb.

Rapid transit in which electricity is the motive power.

Electric Car

Rapid transit in which electricity is the motive power.

A device used to transform electricity into different voltages and amperages.

Induction Coil

A device used to transform electricity into different voltages and amperages.

"Charles F. Brush was an inventor, specifically in the field of electricity."—E. Benjamin Andrews 1895

Charles F. Brush

"Charles F. Brush was an inventor, specifically in the field of electricity."—E. Benjamin Andrews…

"Thomas Alva Edison was born at Milan, Ohio, February 11, 1847, but the family soon after moved to Port Huron, Michigan. He had to earn his living from early boyhood, and was a train boy on a railroad. A station master, whose child's life Edison had saved, taught the boy telegraphy, and in this art Edison quickly became an expert. In 1868 he chanced to be in New York when the indicator of a gold and stock company was broken, and he not only repaired it, but in doing so struck out a new invention, the printing telegraph. He sold his invention in 1876 and established himself at Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he built workshops for carrying out experiments in the application of electricity. It would take a very long paragraph even to name the devices and inventions which have followed, the most far-reaching being, perhaps, his system of electric lighting, his microphone, and the phonograph."—Scudder, 1897

Thomas Alva Edison

"Thomas Alva Edison was born at Milan, Ohio, February 11, 1847, but the family soon after moved to Port…

"An instrument for measuring the strength of an electric current in amperes."-Whitney, 1902

Ampere-meter

"An instrument for measuring the strength of an electric current in amperes."-Whitney, 1902

"Galvanism is the branch of electric science to which an experiment by Galvani gave birth. His wife, who was making soup from frogs, put them in proximity to a charged electrical machine. On touching them with a scalpel their legs became greatly convulsed. He came to the erroneous conclusion that animal electricity existed in the nerves and muscles of frogs, etc. His contemporary Volta inferred that the metals took the active part in producing the contraction, and the electricity was due to their contact. In 1800 he first described and constructed what has since been called the Voltaic pile."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Galvanic Battery

"Galvanism is the branch of electric science to which an experiment by Galvani gave birth. His wife,…

"Tuberose (Polianthus) is a genus of plants of the natural order Liliaceæ. The plant is in high esteem for the beauty and fragrance of its flowers, the odor of which is most powerful after sunset. The fading flowers emit, in certain states of the atmosphere, an electric light and sparks. The native country of the tuberose is Mexico. They are very extensively grown by American and British florists, who, by planting the roots successionally, manage to keep up a supply of flowers at all seasons. There are several varieties."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Double Tuberose

"Tuberose (Polianthus) is a genus of plants of the natural order Liliaceæ. The plant is in high…

"Volta's arrangement for producing a current of electricity, consisting of a pile of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals, as copper and zinc, zinc and silver, zinc and platinum, separated by pieces of flannel or pasteboard moistened with salt water or with water acidulated with sulphuric acid."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Voltaic Pile

"Volta's arrangement for producing a current of electricity, consisting of a pile of alternate disks…

Franklin experimenting with electricity.

Franklin

Franklin experimenting with electricity.

That part of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.

Gas-burner

That part of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.

A man operating an electro-magnetic telegraph.

Telegraph

A man operating an electro-magnetic telegraph.

A hand with bar demonstrating the attractive properties of static electricity.

Demonstration of Static Electricity

A hand with bar demonstrating the attractive properties of static electricity.

A hand with a rod, demonstrating the attractive properties of static electricity.

Demonstration of Static Electricity

A hand with a rod, demonstrating the attractive properties of static electricity.

"The electroscope is an instrument for detecting and testing electrification. A metallic rod passes through the cork of a glass vessel, and terminates on the outside in a ball or a disk. The lower end of the rod carries two strips of gold-leaf or of aluminum foil that hang parallel and close together. When an electrified object is brought near the knob or into contact with it, the metal strips below become similarly charged and are, therefore, mutually repelled." — Avery, 1895

Electroscope

"The electroscope is an instrument for detecting and testing electrification. A metallic rod passes…

"Condensers of a the flat type, consisting of tin-foil conductors separated by thin, flat dielectric sheets, usually of micca, are much used. To obtain large area, and hence great capacity, they are arranged alternately in two series. A condenser of this type has a capacity of one microfarad, weighs 6 or 7 pounds." — Avery, 1895

Condenser

"Condensers of a the flat type, consisting of tin-foil conductors separated by thin, flat dielectric…

"The most common and, for many purposes, the most convenient form of condenser is the Leyden jar. This consists of a glass jar, coated within and without for about two-thirds its height with tinfoil, and a metallic rod that communicates by means of a small chain with the inner coat, and terminates above in a knob or a disk." — Avery, 1895

Leyden Jar

"The most common and, for many purposes, the most convenient form of condenser is the Leyden jar. This…

"Bring the two ends of the wire into contact, and thus close the circuit. The needle instantly flies around as though it was trying to place itself at right angles to the wire. Break the circuit, and the needle swings back to its north and south position. Twist the wires together, and bend the conductor into a loop so that the current passes above the needle in one direction and beneath the needle in the other direction. The deflection of the needle will be greater than before." — Avery, 1895

Needle, compass

"Bring the two ends of the wire into contact, and thus close the circuit. The needle instantly flies…

A voltaic cell.

Voltaic cell

A voltaic cell.

"Secure the two ends of the wire by double-pointed tacks. Place a small pocket compass upon the block thus wound, and turn the block until the coils of wire are parallel to the needle when the circuit is open. Then pass a current through the coil. The deflection of the needle is much stronger than before, although, owing to the weakening of the cell, the deflection falls off after a time." — Avery, 1895

Galvanoscope

"Secure the two ends of the wire by double-pointed tacks. Place a small pocket compass upon the block…

"Just as a head of water supplies a hydraulic pressure that causes the liquid to flow through a pipe in spite of friction, so there is an electrical pressure that forces a current through a conductor in spite of its resistance. The unit of electrical pressure is called the volt." — Avery, 1895

Voltaic cell

"Just as a head of water supplies a hydraulic pressure that causes the liquid to flow through a pipe…

A galvanoscope in a circuit.

Galvanoscope in circuit

A galvanoscope in a circuit.

A hand holding a solenoid.

Solenoid

A hand holding a solenoid.

"An electromagnet is a bar of iron magnetized by an electric current, substantial as just shown." — Avery, 1895

Electromagnet

"An electromagnet is a bar of iron magnetized by an electric current, substantial as just shown." —…

"When an electromagnet is U-shaped, the coils around the two ends of the bent iron core are so wound that if the coil should be straightened either coil would appear as a continuation of the other, i.e., the current would circle around the core in the same direction in the two coils. Such magnets are often made by connecting an end of the core of one spool-shaped magnet, by a straight soft iron bar called a yoke." — Avery, 1895

Electromagnet

"When an electromagnet is U-shaped, the coils around the two ends of the bent iron core are so wound…

"Consists of a coil of wire wound in two broad grooves plowed on opposite sides of an iron cylinder." — Avery, 1895

Siemens armature

"Consists of a coil of wire wound in two broad grooves plowed on opposite sides of an iron cylinder."…

"The drum armature differs from the shuttle armature chiefly in that it employs many coils instead of one. The cylindrical iron core is made of thin disks of soft iron in insulated from each other, thus minimizing the 'local currents' and the heating effects thereof." — Avery, 1895

Drum armature

"The drum armature differs from the shuttle armature chiefly in that it employs many coils instead of…

"If the connections of the armature coils are reversed at the moment when the current in the coils is reversed, the induced currents will all flow in the same direction in the external circuit. There are many different ways of connecting armature coils with their commutators. The numbered loops represent the armature coils joined in series as in the ring armature." — Avery, 1895

Commutator

"If the connections of the armature coils are reversed at the moment when the current in the coils is…

"The electromagnet that supplies the flux of force must have a current to excite it. This current is sometimes supplied from an outside source. Such a dynamo is said to be seperately excited." — Avery, 1895

Seperately excited dynamo

"The electromagnet that supplies the flux of force must have a current to excite it. This current is…

"The electromagnet that supplies the flux of force must have a current to excite it. This current is sometimes supplied from an outside source. Such a dynamo is said to be seperately excited. Often all of the current from the armature is carried around the coils of the field magnet, thus forming a series dynamo." — Avery, 1895

Series dynamo

"The electromagnet that supplies the flux of force must have a current to excite it. This current is…

"A shaft runs through the machine from end to end, carrying a pulley, P, at one end, a commutator, c, at the other end, and a wheel armature, R, at the middle. The armature carries eight or more helices of insulated wire, H H, connected in pairs. As the shaft is turned by the action of the belt upon the pulley, the armature and the commutator are turned with it." — Avery, 1895

Brush dynamo

"A shaft runs through the machine from end to end, carrying a pulley, P, at one end, a commutator, c,…

A rod with a slender wire coiled loosely around it.

Coil around rod

A rod with a slender wire coiled loosely around it.

"Various methods have been devised for measuring electrostatic quantity, one of the simplest of which is with the Kinnersley electrical air-thermometer. When a spark passes between the balls within the larger tube, the confined air is expanded, and the liquid column in the smaller communicating tube rises, and thus approximately indicates the quantity of the charge." — Avery, 1895

Kinnersley electrical air-thermometer

"Various methods have been devised for measuring electrostatic quantity, one of the simplest of which…

"Electric gas lighting is often effected by sparks from the interrupted circuit of a voltaic battery, in which circuit is a 'kicking coil,' or by sparks from the secondary of an induction coil, or from a machine for the generation of static electricity." — Avery, 1895

Electric gas light

"Electric gas lighting is often effected by sparks from the interrupted circuit of a voltaic battery,…

"The essential parts of an ordinary Wimshurst machine, are two ordinary drums. On each plate are fixed a large number of strips of conducting material which are equal in size and are equally spaced, radially if on a plate, and circumferentially if on a drum." — Hawkins, 1917

Wimshurst Electric Machine

"The essential parts of an ordinary Wimshurst machine, are two ordinary drums. On each plate are fixed…

"Simple Daniell cell for closed circuit work." — Hawkins, 1917

Daniell cell

"Simple Daniell cell for closed circuit work." — Hawkins, 1917

"Construction of condenser for an induction coil." — Hawkins, 1917

Condenser

"Construction of condenser for an induction coil." — Hawkins, 1917

"Gramme ring armature with six coils." — Hawkins, 1917

Gramme ring armature

"Gramme ring armature with six coils." — Hawkins, 1917

"The dynamo has its field mangets F F magnetized by means of a small current flowing around a shunt circuit." — Hawkins, 1917

Dynamo

"The dynamo has its field mangets F F magnetized by means of a small current flowing around a shunt…

"In a magneto the field magnets are permanently magnetized. The strength of the magnet field of a magneto is constant while that of a dynamo varies with the output." — Hawkins, 1917

Magneto

"In a magneto the field magnets are permanently magnetized. The strength of the magnet field of a magneto…

"Series wound dynamo, used for series aarc lighting, and as a booster for increasing the pressure on a feeder carrying current furnished by some othe generator." — Hawkins, 1917

Series wound dynamo

"Series wound dynamo, used for series aarc lighting, and as a booster for increasing the pressure on…

"The shunt wound dynamo differes from the series wound machine, in that an independent circuit is used for exciting its field magnet." — Hawkins, 1917

Shunt dynamo

"The shunt wound dynamo differes from the series wound machine, in that an independent circuit is used…

"Compound wound dynamo, used when better automatic regulation of voltage on constant pressure circuits is desired than is possible with the shunt machine." — Hawkins, 1917

Compound wound dynamo

"Compound wound dynamo, used when better automatic regulation of voltage on constant pressure circuits…

"Separately excited dynamo. Current for field excitation is supplied by a second and smaller generator." — Hawkins, 1917

Seperately excited dynamo

"Separately excited dynamo. Current for field excitation is supplied by a second and smaller generator."…

"Salient pole, bipolar field magnet with single coil wound around the yoke." — Hawkins, 1917

Bipolar field magnet

"Salient pole, bipolar field magnet with single coil wound around the yoke." — Hawkins, 1917