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There are several species of civet that live in Africa and Asia. All civets have scent-producing glands in a pouch near the genitals. This scent is marketed as a base for perfumes.

Civet

There are several species of civet that live in Africa and Asia. All civets have scent-producing glands…

Katydids are in the grasshopper family. The male makes noise by rubbing together two stiff, thin membranes that appear at the base of the wings. The females chirp in response.

Katydid

Katydids are in the grasshopper family. The male makes noise by rubbing together two stiff, thin membranes…

Katydids are in the grasshopper family. The male makes noise by rubbing together two stiff, thin membranes that appear at the base of the wings. The females chirp in response.

Katydid

Katydids are in the grasshopper family. The male makes noise by rubbing together two stiff, thin membranes…

This type of parallel-veined leaf has veins running from the base of the leaf to the point.

Parallel-veined Leaf

This type of parallel-veined leaf has veins running from the base of the leaf to the point.

Antenna of crayfish, with auditory sac at base.

Antenna

Antenna of crayfish, with auditory sac at base.

The sea-anemones are mostly found between tide-marks in rock-pools, or on ledges of stone, adhereing to solid objects by means of the sucker-like base.

Sea-anemone

The sea-anemones are mostly found between tide-marks in rock-pools, or on ledges of stone, adhereing…

The papyprus is a frequent form in Egyptian ornament. Its straight, stiff triangular stem with four root-leaves wrapping its slightly swelling base, is imitated in the clustered shafts of many columnrs, and painted as a decoration on walls and on bell-capitals, often alternating with conventional lotuses. The stem bears a bunch of tiny flowers, forming with their stems a group of green filiments witht reddish tops, growing out of a calyz of four leaves or bracts. These supply the suggestion for many bell-shaped forms in Egyptian ornament, including the great campaniform capitals of the huge columns of the Karnak hypostyle hall.

Papyrus

The papyprus is a frequent form in Egyptian ornament. Its straight, stiff triangular stem with four…

Egyptian columns had shafts of three types: a) circular or cylindrical, b) clustered, c) polygonal or proto-doric. The first two tapered upward and sometimes had a slight swelling at the base (d).

Column Types

Egyptian columns had shafts of three types: a) circular or cylindrical, b) clustered, c) polygonal or…

Column base at Persepolis.

Persian Architecture

Column base at Persepolis.

Carved triple guilloche on torus of Ionic base.

Ionic Base

Carved triple guilloche on torus of Ionic base.

Enriched Corinthian base from the Temple of Concord.

Corinthian Base

Enriched Corinthian base from the Temple of Concord.

Enriched Corinthian base in the Baptistery of Constantine.

Corinthian Base

Enriched Corinthian base in the Baptistery of Constantine.

The Roman acanthus constitutes a type, rather than a particular form of leaf. As compared with the Greek type, it is less massive, less pointed, more minutely modeled. It suggests a larger, thinner, more flexible and more complex leaf, with well-developed "eyes" at the bases of the lobes and "pipes" or ribs curving from these to the base of the leaf.

Acanthus Leaves

The Roman acanthus constitutes a type, rather than a particular form of leaf. As compared with the Greek…

Romanesque column base with spurs.

Column Base

Romanesque column base with spurs.

Romanesque column base with spurs.

Column Base

Romanesque column base with spurs.

Early type gothic column base from Halberstadt.

Base

Early type gothic column base from Halberstadt.

Late type gothic column base from Rouen, France.

Base

Late type gothic column base from Rouen, France.

Reliefs from the base of portal, Notre Dame, Paris

Relief

Reliefs from the base of portal, Notre Dame, Paris

The acroterium is the pedestal on the angle or apex of a pediment, intended as a base for sculpture. (D & E)

Acroterium

The acroterium is the pedestal on the angle or apex of a pediment, intended as a base for sculpture.…

Ten examples of column bases.

Column Bases

Ten examples of column bases.

Doric order

Doric Order

Doric order

Ionic order

Ionic Order

Ionic order

Composite order

Composite Order

Composite order

Corinthian order

Corinthian Order

Corinthian order

"<em>A. Fulgens</em>, distunguished by the elegance of its fur, which is very thick and of a lively russet, passing into a brown along the limbs. The tail is very thick at the base, and is marked with rings of black." &mdash;Goodrich, 1885

Panda

"A. Fulgens, distunguished by the elegance of its fur, which is very thick and of a lively…

Species of the genus <em>Mangouste</em>. This animal bears a close resemblance to the weasel tribe, both in form and habits. At the base, the tail is very thick, tapering gradually toward the point, which is slightly tufted. It has a long, active body, short legs, lively and piercing eyes, and a pointed nose." &mdash;Goodrich, 1885

Eqyptian Ichneumon

Species of the genus Mangouste. This animal bears a close resemblance to the weasel tribe,…

"Federal troops marching through Second Street, New Fernandina, Fla. Our sketch of New Fernandina in 1862 shows the principal business street in the city, called Second Street. There seemed to be quite a joke in numbering streets where there were not half a dozen in the place; but the spirit of imitation was strong, and as Philadelphia and New York, with their thousands of blocks, are simplified and rendered more easily fundable by the aid of arithmetic, so must be the villages of the South." —Leslie, 1896

New Fernandina

"Federal troops marching through Second Street, New Fernandina, Fla. Our sketch of New Fernandina in…

"Review of Confederate troops on their march to Virginia, in front of the Pulaski Monument, Monument Square, Savannah, Ga., August 7th, 1861. The Pulaski Monument is situated in Johnson or Monument Square. It is a fine Doric obelisk of marble, 53 feet in height. The base of the pedestal is 10 feet 4 inches by 6 feet 8 inches, and its elevation is about 12 feet. The corner stone was laid by Lafayette during his visit to the United States in 1825. The needle which surmounts the pedestal is 37 feet high. Another and very elegant structure has also been erected to the memory of this gallant foreigner in Chippewa Square. Pulaski was killed in the attack made by the allied American and French armies in 1779, when the British held possession of Savannah." —Leslie, 1896

Pulaski Monument

"Review of Confederate troops on their march to Virginia, in front of the Pulaski Monument, Monument…

"Harrison's Landing, James River, Va. The commissariat depot and base of operations of General McClellan occupied by the Federal Army, July 1st, 1862. Our correspondent wrote: 'The Army of the Potomac has been compelled to fall back from before Richmond to a place of safety under the armament of the gunboats on the James River. The advance of our army, which ten days ago, was within sight of the steeples of the Confederate Capital, is now twenty-five miles distant. General McClellan has transferred his base of operations from the Pamunky River to a more advantageous position on the James River, and his camps from the pestilent swamps of the Chickahominy to the higher and healthier grounds of Harrison's Landing.'"&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Harrison's Landing

"Harrison's Landing, James River, Va. The commissariat depot and base of operations of General McClellan…

"Butchering and dressing cattle for distribution to the Federal Army. The romance and reality of life were never so strikingly displayed as in the Civil War. Fact and fiction never seemed more apart than the soldier waving his sword when leading the forlorn hope and when sitting before his tent cooking rations; for, despite all the commissariat arrangements, there was much room for improvement in these particulars. We give a couple of sketches which will enable our readers to see how matter-of-fact and mechanically base were some of the soldier's employments when in camp. Men who would shrink from turning butcher in New York, boston or Philadelphia were forced by the resistless tide of circumstances to lend a hand to the killing a beeve and afterward to the dressing and cooking it."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Butchering Cattle

"Butchering and dressing cattle for distribution to the Federal Army. The romance and reality of life…

"The Pontoon bridge 'On The March'- the pontoon wagons on their way from Aquia Creek to the Rappahannock. Our correspondent wrote, under date of December 6th, 1862: 'Affairs in Virginia are assuming a portentous significance. General Burnside's army is concentrated on the north bank of the Rappahannock, opposite Fredericksburg, and the railway connecting his camps with his base of supplies at Aquia Creek, on the Potomac, is completed. A number of gunboats have ascended the Rappahannock to within fifteen miles of Fredericksburg, and will probably ascend the river quite to that point. Pontoon bridges and other appliances for crossing the river have also reached the Federal army, and the conditions for a speedy advance are nearly complete. Meanwhile, and in consequence of the delay of the Federal forces, itself the result of a rapid change of base without adequate advance provision, the Confederates have succeeded in concentrating their army in front of General Burnside, where they have been and still are busy in erecting fortifications to oppose his passage of the river.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Pontoon Bridge

"The Pontoon bridge 'On The March'- the pontoon wagons on their way from Aquia Creek to the Rappahannock.…

"Sherman's Campaign in Georgia- the attack of the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and Twentieth Army Corps on Kenesaw Mountain, June 22nd, 1864. Kenesaw Mountain, a second Lookout among its fellows, is about four miles in length and some four hundred feet high, difficult of ascent, with spurs on the flanks, and presenting a most dignified appearance. Sherman resolved to flank it, and on June 22nd the corps of the right and left of his army advanced, the centre maintaining its position around and upon the base of the mountain in the teeth of a very heavy artillery fire from the Confederate batteries. The Twentieth and Twenty-third wheeled on the left to hem in the Confederates between the Federal line and the railroad. The Fourteenth Kentucky met the enemy first, who charged furiously to check the movement. Schofield and Hooker were, however, ready. Williams's division drove back the enemy with artillery alone, without the employment of a musket. Batteries I and M of the First New York had second position, which gave them a cross fire upon the Confederates as they advanced over an open field, and it proved entirely too hot for them. Again, about six o'clock, they made the same attempt, and were driven back still more rapidly by a combined fire of artillery and musketry, which must, from the openness of the ground, have proved very destructive. The Federal losses were slight. They did not exceed two hundred killed and wounded during the day, and one-quarter of this loss was suffered by the Fourteenth Kentucky."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Sherman's Campaign

"Sherman's Campaign in Georgia- the attack of the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and Twentieth Army Corps on…

"The war in Georgia. Wagon train passing Resaca at night. Our correspondent wrote: 'No general probably ever attempted a task like Sherman's, so far removed from the base of his operations. The line of railroad is so precarious a dependence that we can well understand the present attempt of the Confederate Wheeler to save Atlanta, and perhaps destroy Sherman by demolishing the road to Chattanooga, burning bridges, blocking up tunnels, etc. The supplies are forwarded to Sherman under great danger, and the advantage is taken of the darkest nights. Our sketch would be interesting from its picturesque beauty, did not the importance invest it with an interest of a far deeper character. A wagon train is passing through the now battle-famous Resaca, guided in the darkness by the light of torches.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

War in Georgia

"The war in Georgia. Wagon train passing Resaca at night. Our correspondent wrote: 'No general probably…

"The war in Tennessee. Capture of Mission Ridge, near Rossville, by General Thomas, November 25th, 1863. Our correspondent thus graphically depicts this scene: 'Simultaneously and instantaneously the two, or rather four, columns rushed forward across the valley of Citco Creek and up to the line of the Confederate rifle pits that lined the base of Mission Ridge. These even did not claim their attention, nor did the two or three discharges of musketry which received them call for a reply. On they pushed with their glittering bayonets, signaling back a reply that startled the already dismayed foe. They abandoned the works and their camps, over and through which our men rushed with headlong speed and a velocity which of itself would have secured them victory. The enemy had opened on these columns a heavy fire from several batteries, which he had massed along his centre, to hide and in some measure remedy his now apparent weakness there. But these were only replied to by the guns of Captain Bridges on Orchard Knob and the deep-mouthed monsters of Fort Wood. The foot of the hill was reached by the advancing column in good order, and now began the difficult ascent. Half-way up, the line became broken and ragged, and it looked much as if a heavy line of skirmishers were mounting the hill. When they reached the top, and the Confederate artillerists were limbering up their pieces, the front line was no longer preserved, but the men pushed forward indiscriminately. The Confederate infantry fled and yielded up the artillery without further struggle. From below we could see the Confederate flag as it entered and passed through Fort Hindman, and gave place to that of the Union. In just three-quarters of an hour after the order was given for the assault General Turchin, of Baird's division, occupied Fort Hindman with two of his regiments, and was rapidly moving the others forward to their support. Generals Willich, Hazen and Waggener were reaping harvest of artillery. The hill was won at four o'clock, the enemy cut in two, and his organization for the time destroyed. As the hill was won, General Grant, following in the wake of the advancing column, appeared in their midst on the summit. The troops saw and recognized him, and at once there went up a shout such as only victorious men can give to a victorious leader.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

War in Tennessee

"The war in Tennessee. Capture of Mission Ridge, near Rossville, by General Thomas, November 25th, 1863.…

"Its head is small, pointed, and conic; muzzle elongated and narrow; body rather stout; tail short and very broad at its base; dorsal scales disposed in longitudinal rows to the number of eleven; under part of the body, head, and feet naked; some long fair-colored hairs spring from under the scales; the middle claw of the fore-feet exceeds the others in its proportions." &mdash; S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Indian Pangolin

"Its head is small, pointed, and conic; muzzle elongated and narrow; body rather stout; tail short and…

"They frequent rocky regions desitute of woods, living on grass in the mild season and on lichens in the winter. They are about one third the size of the common ox, one of them weighing three to four hundred pounds. The horns are broad at the base, and meet and cover hte brow and crown of the head. General color of the hair is brown." &mdash; S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Musk Ox

"They frequent rocky regions desitute of woods, living on grass in the mild season and on lichens in…

"Its length is four feet; its height two and a half; the legs are long and delicate; the body round, but light and well formed; the head small; the eyes large, lively, and expressive; the ears long, cylindrical, and in continual motion; and the horns forming a complete spiral of two or three turns, wrinkled at the base, distinctly annulated in the middle, and smooth for a couple of inches next the points." &mdash; S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Common Antelope

"Its length is four feet; its height two and a half; the legs are long and delicate; the body round,…

"The horns are six or seven inches long, the body about three feet three inches, and the height at the shoulders about two feet. The whole body covered with long hair, hanging down over the sides, of a deep brown color in winter and brownish-fawn color in summer, being in spring slightly mixed with gray; head is of a pale yellow or straw color, with dark band son each side, passing from the root of the ears to the corners of the mouth, and encircling the eyes and base of the horns." &mdash; S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Chamois

"The horns are six or seven inches long, the body about three feet three inches, and the height at the…

General Gate's headquarters at Saratoga.

Gate's Headquarters

General Gate's headquarters at Saratoga.

The contracted stalk-like base of a petal.

Claw

The contracted stalk-like base of a petal.

A hard, bulb-like base of a stem.

Corm

A hard, bulb-like base of a stem.

Pertaining to leaves; comming off in two ranks, making the base appear flattened.

Equitant

Pertaining to leaves; comming off in two ranks, making the base appear flattened.

Shaped like a spear head, broadest near base, tapering to apex, and several times as long as broad.

Lanceolate

Shaped like a spear head, broadest near base, tapering to apex, and several times as long as broad.

Main rib of normal lleaf running from base to apex.

Midrib

Main rib of normal lleaf running from base to apex.

A tubular sheath present on the stem just above the base of the leaves of docks and smartweeds. It is formed of the fused stipules.

Ocrea

A tubular sheath present on the stem just above the base of the leaves of docks and smartweeds. It is…

With the leaves clustered symmetrically around the base of the stem or scape.

Rosette

With the leaves clustered symmetrically around the base of the stem or scape.

An appendage at the base of the petiole of a leaf; normally occuring in pairs.

Stipule

An appendage at the base of the petiole of a leaf; normally occuring in pairs.

An enlarged, persistent style base often found on the summit of the fruits of sedges.

Tubercle

An enlarged, persistent style base often found on the summit of the fruits of sedges.

Leaves with several veins running from base to apex; stems often thorny.

Smilax

Leaves with several veins running from base to apex; stems often thorny.

Leaves alternate, not prominently toothed, subcordate at the base.

Breweria

Leaves alternate, not prominently toothed, subcordate at the base.

Leaves wide to the base, without petioles.

Pistia

Leaves wide to the base, without petioles.

Leaves all from a hardened base or from a single point; base of leaves with spore sacs.

Isoetes

Leaves all from a hardened base or from a single point; base of leaves with spore sacs.

"Bunker Hill Monument. This monument stands in the center of the grounds included within the breast-works of the old redoubt on Breed's Hill. Its sides are precisely parallel with those of the redoubt. It is built of Quincy granite, and is two hundred and twenty-one feet in height. The foundation is composed of six courses of stones, and extends twelve feet below the surface of the ground and base of the shaft. The four sides of the foundation extend about fifty feet horizontally. There are in the whole pile ninety courses of stone, six of them below the surface of the ground, and eighty-four above. The foundation is laid in lime mortar; the other parts of the structure in lime mortar mixed with cinders, iron filings, and Springfield hydranlic cement."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Bunker Hill Monument

"Bunker Hill Monument. This monument stands in the center of the grounds included within the breast-works…

"A suborder of the natural order <em> Conifer&aelig;</em>, distinguished by bearing strobiles (cones) with two inverted ovules at the base of each scale, which become ovules at the base of each scale, which become winged samaroid seeds."-Wright, 1902

Abietineæ

"A suborder of the natural order Coniferæ, distinguished by bearing strobiles (cones)…

"The <em>B. velum</em> is very elegant, and of a light-brown color; the apex and base are both white, bordered with dark brown bands." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Bulla velum

"The B. velum is very elegant, and of a light-brown color; the apex and base are both white,…

"William the Conqueror (1066-1087), as represented on his seal. Although William really ruled 'as king by the edge of the sword,' he preferred to base his title on the promise of Edward the Confessor rather than on force of arms; and he adhered to far as possible to Anglo-Saxon usages, causing himself to be crowned at Westminster and binding himself to frame good laws and observe justice, as his predecessors had done. In fact he professed to regard himself as the lawful successor of the Anglo-Saxon kings, and not merely as a feudal conqueror. He had great difficulty in making the people recognize him as such, but when this was once done, he was a far more powerful ruler as king of England than he was as Norman duke."&mdash;Colby, 1899

William the Conqueror

"William the Conqueror (1066-1087), as represented on his seal. Although William really ruled 'as king…

Leaf-base apparently inflated.

Ruppia

Leaf-base apparently inflated.

Leaf-base narrow, sometimes with stipules.

Potamogeton

Leaf-base narrow, sometimes with stipules.

Leaf-sheaths present only at the base of stem; flowers in one group.

Eleocharis

Leaf-sheaths present only at the base of stem; flowers in one group.

Sheaths at base of stem with edges united to form tube.

Eleocharis

Sheaths at base of stem with edges united to form tube.