"Hruschka's extractor, first brough to public notice in 1865, may be said to have revolutionized the bee-industry as a business. It enabled the honey producer to increase his output considerably by extracting honey from the cells in most cleanly fashion without damaging the combs, and in a fraction of the time previously occupied in the draining." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Hruschka Extractor

"Hruschka's extractor, first brough to public notice in 1865, may be said to have revolutionized the…

"Prior to the introduction of the cup and cone, a form of tunnel-head in which no valve or cone exists was employed. A hollow annular chamber BB is built in the upper portion of the stack, communicating by arched cavities A, A, A with the shaft, and also with the exit gas main C; a considerable fraction of the gases then passes out through the arched vavities when the materials are heaped up to the level of the charging door D. With small furnaces the wall between the shaft and the chamber B is made of past or wrought iron; in some cases the gas has been collected through a central tube in the axis of the shaft supported by groins springing from the shaft and the ore." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Collecting Top

"Prior to the introduction of the cup and cone, a form of tunnel-head in which no valve or cone exists…

"It is worthy of note that, owing to the oblique direction in which the muscles are commonly inserted into the bones, much of their force is lost so far as producing movement is concerned. Suppose the log of wood in the diagram to be raised by pulling on the rope in the direction a; it is clear at first that the rope will act at a great disadvantage; most of the pull transmitted by it will be exerted against the pivot on which the log hinges, and only a small fraction be available for elevating the latter. But the more the log is lifted, as for example into the position indicated by the dotted lines, the more useful will be the direction of the pull, and the more of it will be spend on the log and the less lost unavailingly in merely increasing the pressure at the hinge." —Martin, 1917

Oblique Pull

"It is worthy of note that, owing to the oblique direction in which the muscles are commonly inserted…

Numerical fraction 1/1

Numerical fraction 1/1

Numerical fraction 1/1

Numerical fraction 1/2

Numerical fraction 1/2

Numerical fraction 1/2

Numerical fraction 1/3

Numerical fraction 1/3

Numerical fraction 1/3

Numerical fraction 1/4

Numerical fraction 1/4

Numerical fraction 1/4

Numerical fraction 1/5

Numerical fraction 1/5

Numerical fraction 1/5

Numerical fraction 1/6

Numerical fraction 1/6

Numerical fraction 1/6

Numerical fraction 1/7

Numerical fraction 1/7

Numerical fraction 1/7

Numerical fraction 1/8

Numerical fraction 1/8

Numerical fraction 1/8

Numerical fraction 1/9

Numerical fraction 1/9

Numerical fraction 1/9

Numerical fraction 1/10

Numerical fraction 1/10

Numerical fraction 1/10

Numerical fraction 1/11

Numerical fraction 1/11

Numerical fraction 1/11

Numerical fraction 1/12

Numerical fraction 1/12

Numerical fraction 1/12

Numerical fraction 2/1

Numerical fraction 2/1

Numerical fraction 2/1

Numerical fraction 2/2

Numerical fraction 2/2

Numerical fraction 2/2

Numerical fraction 2/3

Numerical fraction 2/3

Numerical fraction 2/3

Numerical fraction 2/4

Numerical fraction 2/4

Numerical fraction 2/4

Numerical fraction 2/5

Numerical fraction 2/5

Numerical fraction 2/5

Numerical fraction 2/6

Numerical fraction 2/6

Numerical fraction 2/6

Numerical fraction 2/7

Numerical fraction 2/7

Numerical fraction 2/7

Numerical fraction 2/8

Numerical fraction 2/8

Numerical fraction 2/8

Numerical fraction 2/9

Numerical fraction 2/9

Numerical fraction 2/9

Numerical fraction 2/10

Numerical fraction 2/10

Numerical fraction 2/10

Numerical fraction 2/11

Numerical fraction 2/11

Numerical fraction 2/11

Numerical fraction 2/12

Numerical fraction 2/12

Numerical fraction 2/12

Numerical fraction 3/1

Numerical fraction 3/1

Numerical fraction 3/1

Numerical fraction 3/2

Numerical fraction 3/2

Numerical fraction 3/2

Numerical fraction 3/3

Numerical fraction 3/3

Numerical fraction 3/3

Numerical fraction 3/4

Numerical fraction 3/4

Numerical fraction 3/4

Numerical fraction 3/5

Numerical fraction 3/5

Numerical fraction 3/5

Numerical fraction 3/6

Numerical fraction 3/6

Numerical fraction 3/6

Numerical fraction 3/7

Numerical fraction 3/7

Numerical fraction 3/7

Numerical fraction 3/8

Numerical fraction 3/8

Numerical fraction 3/8

Numerical fraction 3/9

Numerical fraction 3/9

Numerical fraction 3/9

Numerical fraction 3/10

Numerical fraction 3/10

Numerical fraction 3/10

Numerical fraction 3/11

Numerical fraction 3/11

Numerical fraction 3/11

Numerical fraction 3/12

Numerical fraction 3/12

Numerical fraction 3/12

Numerical fraction 4/1

Numerical fraction 4/1

Numerical fraction 4/1

Numerical fraction 4/2

Numerical fraction 4/2

Numerical fraction 4/2

Numerical fraction 4/3

Numerical fraction 4/3

Numerical fraction 4/3

Numerical fraction 4/4

Numerical fraction 4/4

Numerical fraction 4/4

Numerical fraction 4/5

Numerical fraction 4/5

Numerical fraction 4/5

Numerical fraction 4/6

Numerical fraction 4/6

Numerical fraction 4/6

Numerical fraction 4/7

Numerical fraction 4/7

Numerical fraction 4/7

Numerical fraction 4/8

Numerical fraction 4/8

Numerical fraction 4/8

Numerical fraction 4/9

Numerical fraction 4/9

Numerical fraction 4/9

Numerical fraction 4/10

Numerical fraction 4/10

Numerical fraction 4/10

Numerical fraction 4/11

Numerical fraction 4/11

Numerical fraction 4/11

Numerical fraction 4/12

Numerical fraction 4/12

Numerical fraction 4/12

Numerical fraction 5/1

Numerical fraction 5/1

Numerical fraction 5/1

Numerical fraction 5/2

Numerical fraction 5/2

Numerical fraction 5/2

Numerical fraction 5/3

Numerical fraction 5/3

Numerical fraction 5/3

Numerical fraction 5/4

Numerical fraction 5/4

Numerical fraction 5/4

Numerical fraction 5/5

Numerical fraction 5/5

Numerical fraction 5/5

Numerical fraction 5/6

Numerical fraction 5/6

Numerical fraction 5/6

Numerical fraction 5/7

Numerical fraction 5/7

Numerical fraction 5/7

Numerical fraction 5/8

Numerical fraction 5/8

Numerical fraction 5/8

Numerical fraction 5/9

Numerical fraction 5/9

Numerical fraction 5/9