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The Medieval bench was also called a Double-bench with a back in the middle, this back was moveable. It was used in front of the fireplace.

Medieval Bench

The Medieval bench was also called a Double-bench with a back in the middle, this back was moveable.…

The Medieval table has one leg used as a support that was either fastened to the floor or the lower end is spread-out so that the table may stand firmly. The top of the table is square and is united to the leg by means of screw, so that it maybe taken-off.

Medieval Table

The Medieval table has one leg used as a support that was either fastened to the floor or the lower…

The medieval writing-table during the 11th century was made with an inkhorn, and it was intended to be placed on the knee.

Medieval Writing Table

The medieval writing-table during the 11th century was made with an inkhorn, and it was intended to…

A catapult is any one of a number of non-handheld mechanical devices used to throw a projectile a great distance without the aid of an explosive substance—particularly various types of ancient and medieval siege engines.

Catapult

A catapult is any one of a number of non-handheld mechanical devices used to throw a projectile a great…

A medieval hunting horn with the tablature in use in the 14th century.

Medieval Hunting Horn

A medieval hunting horn with the tablature in use in the 14th century.

The Lincoln Cathedral in England is an example of early English Gothic architecture during medieval times.

Lincoln Cathedral

The Lincoln Cathedral in England is an example of early English Gothic architecture during medieval…

"The shield carried by a mounted man-at-arms in the middle ages; especially, the triangular shield of no great length carried during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and hung around the neck by the guige, so as to cover the left arm and left side." -Whitney, 1911

Écu

"The shield carried by a mounted man-at-arms in the middle ages; especially, the triangular shield of…

"Encaustic tile, a tile for pavement- and wall-decoration, in which the pattern is inlaid or incrusted in clay of one color in a ground of clay of another color. The manufacture and employment of encaustic tiles were brought to great excellence in connection with the architecture of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, particularly in France and England; and the art has been successfully revived in the nineteenth century." -Whitney, 1911

Encaustic Tile

"Encaustic tile, a tile for pavement- and wall-decoration, in which the pattern is inlaid or incrusted…

The Medieval enamel pattern is a design that uses metal fillets that are filled with pulverized colored glass paste.

Medieval Enamel Pattern

The Medieval enamel pattern is a design that uses metal fillets that are filled with pulverized colored…

The Medieval enamel pattern is a design that uses metal fillets that are filled with pulverized colored glass paste.

Medieval Enamel Pattern

The Medieval enamel pattern is a design that uses metal fillets that are filled with pulverized colored…

This medieval tile pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces of colored glass in a mosaic style.

Medieval Tile Pattern

This medieval tile pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces…

This medieval tile circle pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces of colored glass in a mosaic style.

Medieval Tile Pattern

This medieval tile circle pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together…

This Medieval Tile circle pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces of colored glass in a mosaic style.

Medieval Tile Pattern

This Medieval Tile circle pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together…

This medieval tile pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces of colored glass in a mosaic style.

Medieval Tile Pattern

This medieval tile pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces…

This medieval tile pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces of colored glass in a mosaic style.

Medieval Tile Pattern

This medieval tile pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces…

This medieval tile pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces of colored glass in a mosaic style.

Medieval Tile Pattern

This medieval tile pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces…

This Medieval Tile circle pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces of colored glass in a mosaic style.

Medieval Tile Circle Pattern

This Medieval Tile circle pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together…

This medieval tile circle pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces of colored glass in a mosaic style.

Medieval Tile Circle Pattern

This medieval tile circle pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together…

This medieval tile circle pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces of colored glass in a mosaic style.

Medieval Tile Circle Pattern

This medieval tile circle pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together…

This medieval tile pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces of colored glass in a mosaic style.

Medieval Tile Pattern

This medieval tile pattern is a stained glass design. It the oldest process of fitting together pieces…

The Medieval textile pattern is a richly embroidered pattern. It includes organic elements with a geometrical framing.

Medieval Textile Pattern

The Medieval textile pattern is a richly embroidered pattern. It includes organic elements with a geometrical…

This Medieval textile pattern is a richly embroidered French silk tapestry. It is a 15th century design that includes organic elements with a geometrical framing.

Medieval Textile Pattern

This Medieval textile pattern is a richly embroidered French silk tapestry. It is a 15th century design…

"Falcon-bill of about 1450. A form of martel-de-fer, distinguished by its slightly curved and sharp point." -Whitney, 1911

Falcon Bill

"Falcon-bill of about 1450. A form of martel-de-fer, distinguished by its slightly curved and sharp…

"Fan-crest, about 1350. A form of crest common in the middle ages at different periods, as in the reign of Richard I. of England, whose second great seal shows this crest, and again at the end of the thirteenth century, when it assumed the shape of a fan or screen with radiating ribs, attached to the helm at a single point." -Whitney, 1911

Medieval Helmet with Fan Crest

"Fan-crest, about 1350. A form of crest common in the middle ages at different periods, as in the reign…

"Fauchard of the 15th century. A weapon of the middle ages consisting of a scythe-shaped blade with a long handle, and differing from the war-scythe in having the sharp edge convex." -Whitney, 1911

Fauchard of the 15th Century

"Fauchard of the 15th century. A weapon of the middle ages consisting of a scythe-shaped blade with…

"Feretory. English medieval silverwork. A shrine or bier containing the relics of saints, adapted to be borne in religious processions." -Whitney, 1911

Feretory

"Feretory. English medieval silverwork. A shrine or bier containing the relics of saints, adapted to…

This architectural sculpted foliage shows the gothic style of Notre Dame de Paris. "Medieval Conventionalized Foliage, Notre Dame, Paris; end of 13th century." -Whitney, 1911

Medieval Conventionalized Foliage

This architectural sculpted foliage shows the gothic style of Notre Dame de Paris. "Medieval Conventionalized…

The star of the Order of the Garter. "Order of the Garter, the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, consisting of the sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and twenty-four knights companions, and open, in addition, to such English princes and foreign sovereigns as may be chosen, and sometimes to extra companions chosen for special reasons, so that the whole order usually numbers about fifty." -Whitney, 1911

Order of the Garter Star

The star of the Order of the Garter. "Order of the Garter, the highest order of knighthood in Great…

The collar of the Order of the Garter. "Order of the Garter, the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, consisting of the sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and twenty-four knights companions, and open, in addition, to such English princes and foreign sovereigns as may be chosen, and sometimes to extra companions chosen for special reasons, so that the whole order usually numbers about fifty." -Whitney, 1911

Order of the Garter Collar

The collar of the Order of the Garter. "Order of the Garter, the highest order of knighthood in Great…

One of four standing medieval castles in Neckarsteinach, also known as "Vier Burgeneck" because of its four standing medieval castles, is a town in the Kreis Bergstraße, in Hesse, Germany. The town was originally called Steinach, when it received city rights in 1377 it was renamed Neckarsteinach. The Knights of Steinach, lived in the local castle at the time. Two of the castles are still occupied by residents, and the two others are in ruins.

Castle of Neckarsteinach

One of four standing medieval castles in Neckarsteinach, also known as "Vier Burgeneck" because of its…

Regensburg, also Ratisbon, Ratisbona, is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate. The large medieval center of the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The first settlements in Regensburg date to the Stone Age. The Celtic name Radasbona was the oldest name given to a settlement near the present city. Around AD 90 the Romans built a small "cohort-fort" in what would now be the suburbs.

Ratisbon

Regensburg, also Ratisbon, Ratisbona, is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the…

Weierburg, a fine ancient structure produces such a charming effect that every one asks its name. Though the castle has neither high towers nor walls, it bears the proud name of "burg," (meaning an ancient or medieval fortress), and in ancient times may well have been a strong castle. Once the summer residence of the Emperor Maximilian, some of his relics are still preserved there.

Castle of Weierburg

Weierburg, a fine ancient structure produces such a charming effect that every one asks its name. Though…

The Abbey of Mölk (Melk) (Stift Melk), an old Austrian Benedictine monastery is one of the richest religious establishments in Central Europe. Palace, church, and fortress all in one, it sits high upon a granite base 100 feet above the Danube. Founded in 1089 when Leopold II, Margrave of Austria gave one of his castles to Benedictine monks from Lambach Abbey. A school was founded in the 12th Century. The monastery was also a major site for the production of manuscripts. Today's impressive Baroque abbey was built between 1702 and 1736 by architect Jakob Prandtauer. Particularly noteworthy is the abbey church with frescos by Johann Michael Rottmayr and the impressive library with countless medieval manuscripts.

Abby of Mölk

The Abbey of Mölk (Melk) (Stift Melk), an old Austrian Benedictine monastery is one of the richest…

Eisgrub, now Lednice, a village in the Czech Republic. It contains a palace and the largest park in the country. The park is laid out in an English garden style and includes the artificial ruins of a medieval castle on the bank of the Thaya/Dyje River.

Castle Eisgrub

Eisgrub, now Lednice, a village in the Czech Republic. It contains a palace and the largest park in…

"Gate-tower or Barbican, Walmgate Bar, York, England. In medieval fortification, a tower built beside or over a gate, as of a city, etc., for the purpose of defending the passage." -Whitney, 1911

Barbican of Walmgate Bar

"Gate-tower or Barbican, Walmgate Bar, York, England. In medieval fortification, a tower built beside…

"Gauntlet of plate, early 14th century. In medieval armor, a glove of defense." -Whitney, 1911

Gauntlet of Plate

"Gauntlet of plate, early 14th century. In medieval armor, a glove of defense." -Whitney, 1911

"Gauntlet of plate, later 14th century. In medieval armor, a glove of defense." -Whitney, 1911

Gauntlet of Plate

"Gauntlet of plate, later 14th century. In medieval armor, a glove of defense." -Whitney, 1911

"Gauntlet of mail forming part of the hauberk, 13th century. In medieval armor, a glove of defense." -Whitney, 1911

Gauntlet of Mail

"Gauntlet of mail forming part of the hauberk, 13th century. In medieval armor, a glove of defense."…

The Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the seven hills of Rome. By the 16th century, Capitolinus had become Campidoglio in the Roman dialect. The English word capitol derives from Capitoline. The Capitoline contains few ancient ground-level ruins, as they are almost entirely covered up by Medieval and Renaissance palaces (now housing the Capitoline Museums) that surround a piazza, a significant urban plan designed by Michelangelo.

Capitoline Hill in Rome

The Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the seven hills of Rome. By…

The face of Reynard the Fox, a trickster from tales of medieval Europe.

Reynard the Fox

The face of Reynard the Fox, a trickster from tales of medieval Europe.

"Griffe from Vézelay. GRIFFE. In medieval architecture, from the eleventh to the fifteenth century, an ornament on the bases of pillars, connecting the torus with each angle of the plinth." -Whitney, 1911

Griffe

"Griffe from Vézelay. GRIFFE. In medieval architecture, from the eleventh to the fifteenth century,…

"Griffe from Poissy; end of 12th century. GRIFFE. In medieval architecture, from the eleventh to the fifteenth century, an ornament on the bases of pillars, connecting the torus with each angle of the plinth." -Whitney, 1911

Griffe

"Griffe from Poissy; end of 12th century. GRIFFE. In medieval architecture, from the eleventh to the…

"Medieval Griffin. Porch of the Duomo, Verona, Italy. GRIFFIN. In mythology, an imaginary animal supposed to be generated between the lion and the eagle, and to combine the head, front, and wings of an eagle with the body and hind quarters of a lion." -Whitney, 1911

Griffin

"Medieval Griffin. Porch of the Duomo, Verona, Italy. GRIFFIN. In mythology, an imaginary animal supposed…

"Medieval Groins in early 12th century vaulting. A, A, groins. GROIN. In architecture, the curved intersection or arris of simple vaults crossing each other at any angle." -Whitney, 1911

Groin Vault

"Medieval Groins in early 12th century vaulting. A, A, groins. GROIN. In architecture, the curved intersection…

The Medieval Court at the Great Exhibition of 1851 featured many intricately shaped and decorated chandeliers as well as ornate decorative benches and screens.

Crystal Palace Medieval Court

The Medieval Court at the Great Exhibition of 1851 featured many intricately shaped and decorated chandeliers…

This statue depicts Godfrey of Bouillon who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade during medieval times in 1095.

Statue

This statue depicts Godfrey of Bouillon who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade during medieval…

This water jug is designed in a medieval style with curved patterns.

Water Jug

This water jug is designed in a medieval style with curved patterns.

This chalice is designed in a ruby gilt medieval style. It is a type of goblet that is used to hold sacramental wine during a Christian religious ceremony.

Chalice

This chalice is designed in a ruby gilt medieval style. It is a type of goblet that is used to hold…

This Medieval Cabinet was made in London, England. It is designed with intricate scrolls on its panels.

Medieval Cabinet

This Medieval Cabinet was made in London, England. It is designed with intricate scrolls on its panels.

This oak cabinet is carved in a rich design. It was designed for the medieval court.

Oak Cabinet

This oak cabinet is carved in a rich design. It was designed for the medieval court.

This medieval elevator shows the use of two simple machines: wheel and axle on the right, and a pulley on the left. "An elevator of the Middle Ages. History tells us this form of elevator was used in monasteries for hoisting passengers and supplies." -Hill, 1921

Early Elevator

This medieval elevator shows the use of two simple machines: wheel and axle on the right, and a pulley…

"A Frate della Misericordia. MISERICORDIA, the name of a society (of laymen) in Florence, founded in the 13th century, who tend the poor sick, carry victims of accident or disease to the hospitals, and the dead to their burial. Members of all classes of the community, including the highest, are enrolled in this charitable association; and their somber and forbidding costume-- a dark monastic dress, with the cowl pulled down over the face so that the eyes merely peep through little holes." -Hazeltine, 1894

Frate della Misericordia

"A Frate della Misericordia. MISERICORDIA, the name of a society (of laymen) in Florence, founded in…

"A French watch tower of the fifteenth century in time of the siege. The tower is lighted by means of beacons and is protected by dogs. Ruins of such a tower can still be seen at Godesberger on the Rhine." -Bodmer, 1917

Medieval Watch Tower

"A French watch tower of the fifteenth century in time of the siege. The tower is lighted by means of…

Maiolica designates Italian tin-glazed pottery dating from the Renaissance. The name is thought to come from the medieval Italian word for Majorca, an island on the route for ships bringing Hispano-Moresque wares from Valencia to Italy. Moorish potters from Majorca are reputed to have worked in Sicily and it has been suggested that their wares reached the Italian mainland from Caltagirone.

Maiolica Pottery

Maiolica designates Italian tin-glazed pottery dating from the Renaissance. The name is thought to come…

A Mandorla is a Vesica Piscis shaped aureola which surrounds the figures of Christ and the Virgin Mary in traditional Christian art. It is especially used to frame the figure of Christ in Majesty in early medieval and Romanesque art, as well as Byzantine art of the same periods. The term refers to the almond like shape: "mandorla" means almond nut in Italian.

Mandorla

A Mandorla is a Vesica Piscis shaped aureola which surrounds the figures of Christ and the Virgin Mary…

A mangonel (derived from Greco-Latin word manganon, meaning "engine of war") was a type of catapult or siege machine used in the medieval period to throw projectiles at a castle's walls. The exact meaning of the term is debatable, and several possibilities have been suggested. It may have been a name for counterweight artillery (trebuchets), possibly either a fixed-counterweight type, or one with a particular type of frame.

Mangonel

A mangonel (derived from Greco-Latin word manganon, meaning "engine of war") was a type of catapult…

The royal Château de Chambord at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France is one of the most recognizable châteaux in the world because of its very distinct French Renaissance architecture that blends traditional French medieval forms with classical Italian structures. "The artistic influence of Italy came into operation in France sooner than in other European countries, for as early as the fifteenth century the Renaissance style was introduced there by Italian architects, as, for instance, by Fra Giocondo, who was summoned thither by Louis XII. But at the epoch the Flamboyant style was still in its vigour, and the buildings then erected could not extricate themselves from its influence. The consequence was that a blending of the two styles temporarily prevailed, as, for instance in the Château de Blois, which Louis XII. caused to be built, and which has lately been restored by Duban. It was in these country residences of the nobility, especially on the banks of the Loire, that this architectural activity was displayed during the earlier period of the Renaissance; amongst their number the Château de Chambord [shown here] is most worthy of notice. The pilasters and their mouldings of the Renaissance style were, it is true, somewhat rudely carried out, and in the earlier period were combined with certain elements of the Flamboyant style. Highly ornamental gables and dormer-windows. especially, were executed in the latter style. Buildings were contemporaneously constructed entirely in the Flamboyant style, as, for instance, the Cathedral, the Palais de Justice, and the Hâtel Bourgtheroulde, all at Rouen, and the Hâtel de Ville at Compiègne."

Château de Chambord

The royal Château de Chambord at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France is one of the most recognizable…

St Paul's Cathedral is the Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. The present building dates from the 17th century and is generally reckoned to be London's fifth St Paul's Cathedral, although the number is higher if every major medieval reconstruction is counted as a new cathedral. The cathedral sits on the highest point of the City of London, which originated as a Roman trading post situated on the River Thames. The cathedral is one of London's most visited sights.

St. Paul's London

St Paul's Cathedral is the Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of…

Borgund stave church is a stave church located in Borgund, Lærdal, Norway. It is classified as a triple nave stave church of the so-called Sogn-type. It was probably built in the end of the 12th century, and has not changed structure or had a major reconstruction since that date. The church site shows evidence of a previous building, which can point to an earlier church or perhaps an old pagan temple that had been taken into use as a church. The interior of the church, except for the pulpit and the altarpiece, is mainly free from the post-Reformation decorations seen in most other stave churches. An authentic medieval square-shaped baptismal font made of soapstone is still a part of the interior. Borgund stave church is owned by Fortidsminneforeningen (The Society for the Preservation of Norwegian Ancient Monuments). "The wood buildings of Norway lay claim to a certain monumental and historical importance, partly because they belong to the oldest class of buildings of this description, and partly owing to the purpose for which they were erected, namely, to serve as churches. The case is different as regards the merit of their artistic construction and beauty of shape, in both of which points the standard attained is not a high one, as shown by [this image]. The details principally show traces of the architectural styles prevalent at the time of their erection, viz., the Romanesque and Byzantine, while the main forms must be considered as the result of a severe climate. The perishable nature of the material employed was also naturally prejudicial to any advanced and regular development of architectural skills. From these causes the whole design assumed a pyramidal shape, whilst the climate necessitated mode of construction which is peculiar to the buildings in question. As a projection against its rigours the structures were surrounded by covered passages ornamented externally with those little arcades which are a distinguishing feature of the Romanesque style, whilst the roofs were necessarily very steep in shape on account of the heavy falls of snow, and were covered with wood shingles, tiles, or slates. The form of construction is rather rough, for the corners are generally formed of rude logs, whilst the walls between merely consist of upright boards jointed to one another. Churches of this description are know in Norway by the name of Fascine Churches. Although the construction is thus artless, yet an effort to enrich the whole by individual details and by employment of painted embellishments is frequently to be noticed. This especially effected by means of arabesque-like carvings on the doorways and gables."

Wood Church at Burgund

Borgund stave church is a stave church located in Borgund, Lærdal, Norway. It is classified as…

This is an illustration of Fasciculus Medicinae by artist Ketham during the 15th century. It is a collection of European medieval medical knowledge and techniques.

Fasciculus Medicinae

This is an illustration of Fasciculus Medicinae by artist Ketham during the 15th century. It is a collection…