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The first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte, and thus the first Empress of the French.

Joséphine

The first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte, and thus the first Empress of the French.

"The Bastille, after its capture in 1789, was leveled to the ground, and its stones were used to build one of the bridges over the Seine. The site of the fortress-prison is now a public square. In the center rises the July Column (154 feet high), commemorating the revolutionists of 1830."—Webster, 1920

Colonne Juillet

"The Bastille, after its capture in 1789, was leveled to the ground, and its stones were used to build…

La Salle, a famous French adventurer who navigated the Mississippi down to the Gulf of Mexico.

La Salle

La Salle, a famous French adventurer who navigated the Mississippi down to the Gulf of Mexico.

French explorer.

Robert La Salle

French explorer.

The Marquis de Lafayette, a French citizen who fought on the side of the Americans during the American Revolution.

Marquis de Lafayette

The Marquis de Lafayette, a French citizen who fought on the side of the Americans during the American…

The tomb of General Lafayette.

Lafayette's Tomb

The tomb of General Lafayette.

A French military officer who served as a general in the American Revolutionary War, as well as the French Revolution.

Marquis of Lafayette

A French military officer who served as a general in the American Revolutionary War, as well as the…

(1643-1687) A French explorer who explored the Great Lakes region.

Robert de LaSalle

(1643-1687) A French explorer who explored the Great Lakes region.

An illustration of the town of Le Mans located in Northern France.

Le Mans

An illustration of the town of Le Mans located in Northern France.

An illustration of Le Mans from the river.

Le Mans

An illustration of Le Mans from the river.

The Le Puy Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame du Puy) facade or west front. It is a Roman Catholic cathedral and French monument located in Le Puy-en-Velay, Auvergne.

Le Puy Cathedral

The Le Puy Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame du Puy) facade or west front. It is a Roman Catholic cathedral…

The Modern Leaf Festoon is found in Paris, France.

Modern Leaf Festoon

The Modern Leaf Festoon is found in Paris, France.

The French Renaissance Leaf design tend to look more formal. This design was found in a church in Epernay (Northern France).

French Leaf Renaissance

The French Renaissance Leaf design tend to look more formal. This design was found in a church in Epernay…

The Modern Leaf design is found in Louvre, France.

Modern Leaf

The Modern Leaf design is found in Louvre, France.

This Romanesque leaf design was found in a monastery in St. Trophimus (Southern France).

Romanesque Leaf

This Romanesque leaf design was found in a monastery in St. Trophimus (Southern France).

"Instituted by Napoleon in 1802; given to both soldiers and civilians for distinguished services to the state. In the present order of the French Republic the symbolical head of the republic appears in the center, and a laurel wreath replaces the imperial crown."—Webster, 1920

Cross of the Legion of Honor

"Instituted by Napoleon in 1802; given to both soldiers and civilians for distinguished services to…

The Cross of the Legion of Honor is a decoration composed of a star of five double rays, with a wreath of oak and laurel. On the obverse appears the female head personifying France, and the words, 'République Française'; on the reverse, two tricolors, and the motto, 'Honneur et Patrie'. The Legion of Honor is a French order of merit, created in 1802 by Napoleon, when first consul, with the view of specially marking exploits and services in the military and civil departments. Napoleon himself was first grandmaster.

Cross of the Legion of Honor

The Cross of the Legion of Honor is a decoration composed of a star of five double rays, with a wreath…

"'Liberty Enlightening the World,' a gift from the French Republic to the Greatest Republic. Height of Statue, 151 feet; of pedestal, 155 feet." -Foster, 1921

Statue of Liberty

"'Liberty Enlightening the World,' a gift from the French Republic to the Greatest Republic. Height…

"The great Bartholdi statue, 'Liberty Enlightening the World,' erected upon Bedloe's Island in New York Bay, was the gift of France to the American People."-Lupton

Statue of Liberty

"The great Bartholdi statue, 'Liberty Enlightening the World,' erected upon Bedloe's Island in New York…

The romantisit, J. William Turner, was famous for his drawings of landscapes such as: lakes, castles, ruins, ships and coast lines. The painting was recently sold for $1,000,000.

Light-Towers of the Heve

The romantisit, J. William Turner, was famous for his drawings of landscapes such as: lakes, castles,…

"The reign of Louis the Fourteenth has been termed the Augustan age of France. This monarch had none of the commanding qualities which create a nation or an era, and he would not have been distinguished from common princes in common circumstances. Destitute himself of the true sentiment of greatness, he yet became, fortuitously, the instrument of great deeds, and his reign will always be a memorable period in history." — Goodrich, 1844

Louis XIV in his chambers

"The reign of Louis the Fourteenth has been termed the Augustan age of France. This monarch had none…

King of France from 1638-1715, Louis XIV.

King Louis XIV

King of France from 1638-1715, Louis XIV.

"Commemorates the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The obverse bears a representation of 'Louis the Great, the Most Christian King,' the reverse contains a legend meaning 'Heresy Extinguished.'"—Webster, 1920

Medal of Louis XIV

"Commemorates the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The obverse bears a representation of 'Louis the…

King of France

King Louis XVI of France

King of France

A portait of the execution of Louis XVI by guillotine.

Execution of Louis XVI

A portait of the execution of Louis XVI by guillotine.

The heraldic seal of the Dauphin Louis in 1216.

Seal of the Dauphin Louis

The heraldic seal of the Dauphin Louis in 1216.

"The palace of the Louvre was begun by Francis I in the sixteenth century and continued by his successors, especially Louis XIV. Important additions were made during the nineteenth century. The Tuileries palace, so named from the tile kilns (tuileries) which once occupied the site, was burned in 1879. Nothing reminds of the structure except two wings connected with the Louvre."—Webster, 1920

The Louvre and the Tuileries

"The palace of the Louvre was begun by Francis I in the sixteenth century and continued by his successors,…

An illustration of the Louvre Museum in Paris, France from a bird's-eye view. The Louvre is one of the the world's largest museums and is the most visited museum in the world.

Bird's Eye View of the Louvre

An illustration of the Louvre Museum in Paris, France from a bird's-eye view. The Louvre is one of the…

"The change from the pure to the later Renaissance, which was formerly seen only in individual instances, has now received a certain extension. This is mainly owing to the key-note struck in the New Louvre [shown here], begun by Visconti, but finished by another architect. Although it is true that the new building conforms in general to the architecture of the Old Louvre, yet still an increase rather than a decrease is to be perceived in the effort for picturesque effect, in the licence of the Roccoco style, and in an unstructural treatment of the individual forms and ornamental parts."

Corner Pavilion of the New Louvre

"The change from the pure to the later Renaissance, which was formerly seen only in individual instances,…

The Musée du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or Great Louvre, or simply the Louvre — is the national museum of France, the most visited museum in the world, and a historic monument. It is a central landmark of Paris, located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (neighborhood). Nearly 35,000 objects from the 6th century BC to the 19th century are exhibited over an area of 60,600 square meters (652,300 square feet).The Louvre was built by "three prominent architects, [one of which was] Pierre Lescot (1510-1578), who desiged the celebrated Western Façade of the Louvre [shown here]."

Inner Façade of the Louvre

The Musée du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or Great Louvre,…

The Musée du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or Great Louvre, or simply the Louvre — is the national museum of France, the most visited museum in the world, and a historic monument. It is a central landmark of Paris, located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (neighborhood). Nearly 35,000 objects from the 6th century BC to the 19th century are exhibited over an area of 60,600 square meters (652,300 square feet).The Louvre was built by "three prominent architects, [one of which was] Pierre Lescot (1510-1578), who desiged the celebrated Western Façade of the Louvre [shown here]."

Inner Façade of the Louvre

The Musée du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or Great Louvre,…

An illustration of one of the galleries in the Louvre in Paris, France. The Louvre is one of the world's largest museums and is most visited museum in the world.

Gallery in the Louvre

An illustration of one of the galleries in the Louvre in Paris, France. The Louvre is one of the world's…

The Richelieu Pavilion (a pavilion located on the inside "court") of the Louvre Palace. The Richelieu Pavilion of the Louvre was named after King Louis XIII first chief minister, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu. It is part of the Louvre Palace which is located along the Seine river in Paris, France. The Richelieu pavilion is located at the northern limb of the New Louvre.

The Richelieu Pavilion of the Louvre

The Richelieu Pavilion (a pavilion located on the inside "court") of the Louvre Palace. The Richelieu…

Located in the New Louvre, the name given to the wings and pavilions extending from the main body. The Turgot Pavilion is part of the Louvre Palace which is located along the Seine river in Paris, France. The Turgot pavilion was built in the New Louvre section, the northern limb of the palace.

Turgot Pavilion of the New Louvre

Located in the New Louvre, the name given to the wings and pavilions extending from the main body. The…

"It represents a dying lion, which, pierced by a lance, still guards with its paw the Bourbon lilies. The figure is hewn out of the natural sandstone. The monument commemorates the officers and men of the Swiss Guard who were slain in 1792, while defending the Tuileries against the Parisian mob."—Webster, 1920

The Lion of Lucerne

"It represents a dying lion, which, pierced by a lance, still guards with its paw the Bourbon lilies.…

An illustration of Luxembourg Palace which is located in Paris, France. The Luxembourg Palace houses the famous Luxembourg Garden which displays a large garden and lawn full of statues and large water basins.

Luxembourg Palace

An illustration of Luxembourg Palace which is located in Paris, France. The Luxembourg Palace houses…

President of France

Marshal MacMahon, President of France

President of France

"Begun by Napoleon in 1806; not completed until 1842. The emperor planned it as a 'of fame' to commemorate his victories, but it now serves as a church. The structure has the lines of a Roman temple, with a colonnade of Corinthian pillars."—Webster, 1920

La Madeleine

"Begun by Napoleon in 1806; not completed until 1842. The emperor planned it as a 'of fame' to commemorate…

The Cathedral of Mans is a Roman Catholic Cathedral located in Le Mans, France. The Cathedral was built in dedication to the city's first bishop Saint Julian of Le Mans. It is built in a Romanesque and Gothic style.

Cathedral of Mans

The Cathedral of Mans is a Roman Catholic Cathedral located in Le Mans, France. The Cathedral was built…

This Blunt Grotesque mask is found in the castle of Ecouen in France in 1538.

Blunt Grotesque Mask

This Blunt Grotesque mask is found in the castle of Ecouen in France in 1538.

Theatre de Bellecour, Lyons, Architect: Chatron

French Theatre Mask

Theatre de Bellecour, Lyons, Architect: Chatron

A French-Italian cardinal who served as chief minister of France from 1642 until his death in 1661.

Cardinal Mazarin

A French-Italian cardinal who served as chief minister of France from 1642 until his death in 1661.

The Tympanum Medusa Head is found in the arch of the entrance of the Royal Palace of Tuileries in Paris, France.

Tympanum Medusa Head

The Tympanum Medusa Head is found in the arch of the entrance of the Royal Palace of Tuileries in Paris,…

A poster with facts and images of France during the Middle Ages.

Middle Ages

A poster with facts and images of France during the Middle Ages.

Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau (March 9, 1749 – April 2, 1791) was a French writer, popular orator and statesman. During the French Revolution, he was a moderate, favoring a constitutional monarchy built on the model of Great Britain. He unsuccessfully conducted secret negotiations with the French monarchy in an effort to reconcile it with the Revolution.

Mirbeau

Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau (March 9, 1749 – April 2, 1791) was a French…

A French revolutionary. He favored a constitutional monarchy built on the model of Great Britain.

Mirabeau

A French revolutionary. He favored a constitutional monarchy built on the model of Great Britain.

A French revolutionary who advocated a constitutional monarchy, like Great Britain.

Mirabeau

A French revolutionary who advocated a constitutional monarchy, like Great Britain.

The Mont Blanc (French for white mountain) or Monte Bianco (Italian 'White Mountain'), also known as "La Dame Blanche" (French, the white lady) is a mountain in the Alps. With its 4,810 m (15,781 ft) summit, it is the highest mountain in the Alps and Western Europe, and is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence. The mountain lies between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Haute-Savoie, France. The location of the summit is on the French-Italian border but Cartographers of France place it within its own boundaries on maps.

Mont Blanc

The Mont Blanc (French for white mountain) or Monte Bianco (Italian 'White Mountain'), also known as…

Section of the massif of Mont Dore, France, showing the succession of eruptions and the outline of the old volcano.

Mont Dore, France

Section of the massif of Mont Dore, France, showing the succession of eruptions and the outline of the…

A French commander of the forces in North America during the Seven Years' War.

Montcalm

A French commander of the forces in North America during the Seven Years' War.

View of the volcano Mount Pelée, on Martinique, a French overseas department.

Mount Pelée

View of the volcano Mount Pelée, on Martinique, a French overseas department.

View of the volcano Mount Pelée, on Martinique, a French overseas department.

Mount Pelée

View of the volcano Mount Pelée, on Martinique, a French overseas department.

An illustration of Napoleon; Napoleon Bonaparte, later known as Emperor Napoleon I, was a military and political leader of France whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century.

Napoleon

An illustration of Napoleon; Napoleon Bonaparte, later known as Emperor Napoleon I, was a military and…

An illustration of the sarcophagus of Napoleon Bonaparte located in the Church of the Hotel des Invalides.

Sarcophagus of Napoleon Bonaparte

An illustration of the sarcophagus of Napoleon Bonaparte located in the Church of the Hotel des Invalides.

An illustration of the tomb of the sarcophagus of Napoleon Bonaparte located in the Church of the Hotel des Invalides.

Tomb of Napoleon Bonaparte

An illustration of the tomb of the sarcophagus of Napoleon Bonaparte located in the Church of the Hotel…

Napoleon embarking on the "Bellerophon."

Napoleon Embarking on the Bellerophon

Napoleon embarking on the "Bellerophon."

President of the Second Republic of France and Emperor of France

Napoleon III

President of the Second Republic of France and Emperor of France

Napoleon III

Napoleon III

Napoleon III

A portrait of Napoleon III and Eugénie.

Napoleon III and Eugénie

A portrait of Napoleon III and Eugénie.

Napoleon III and Otto von Bismarck during the Franco-Prussian War. Louis Napoleon as the friend of Death.

Napoleon III and Otto von Bismarck

Napoleon III and Otto von Bismarck during the Franco-Prussian War. Louis Napoleon as the friend of Death.