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"The Episcopal Miter, from the Indian ocean is white, ornamented with square spots of a fine red, and capable of high polish. It emits a purple liquid, having a nauseous odor, when irritated."

Mitra Episcopalis (Lamarck)

"The Episcopal Miter, from the Indian ocean is white, ornamented with square spots of a fine red, and…

"The Papal Miter has dentiform folds around the opening, which also crown each turn of the spiral. It emits a purple liquid, having a nauseous odor, when irritated."

Mitra Papalis (Lamarck)

"The Papal Miter has dentiform folds around the opening, which also crown each turn of the spiral. It…

The Leaf of Akanthos Mollis has broad tips to the leaves.

Leaf of Akanthos Mollis

The Leaf of Akanthos Mollis has broad tips to the leaves.

The Leaf of Akanthos Mollis has broad tips to the leaves.

Leaf of Akanthos Mollis

The Leaf of Akanthos Mollis has broad tips to the leaves.

A blue flower with calyx longer than the tube of the corolla. They typically bloom in April and May, and are found in Europe and Siberia.

Pulmonaria Mollis

A blue flower with calyx longer than the tube of the corolla. They typically bloom in April and May,…

"The genus <em>Murex</em>, or Rock Shells, includes a large number of species, all remarkable for their brilliant colors and somewhat fantastical and varied forms."

Murex Erinaceus (Linnaeus)

"The genus Murex, or Rock Shells, includes a large number of species, all remarkable for their…

"The genus <em>Murex</em>, or Rock Shells, includes a large number of species, all remarkable for their brilliant colors and somewhat fantastical and varied forms."

Murex Haustellum (Linnaeus)

"The genus Murex, or Rock Shells, includes a large number of species, all remarkable for their…

"The genus <em>Murex</em>, or Rock Shells, includes a large number of species, all remarkable for their brilliant colors and somewhat fantastical and varied forms."

Murex Scorpio (Linnaeus)

"The genus Murex, or Rock Shells, includes a large number of species, all remarkable for their…

"The genus <em>Murex</em>, or Rock Shells, includes a large number of species, all remarkable for their brilliant colors and somewhat fantastical and varied forms."

Murex Tenuispina (Lamarck)

"The genus Murex, or Rock Shells, includes a large number of species, all remarkable for their…

"In the last partition of the shell is the animal, covered by its mantle, which lines to walls of the partitions. The mouth of the nautilus is armed with mandibles, fashioned somewhat like a parrot's beak."

Nautilus Pompilius (Linnaeus), showing the interior of the lower cell, to which the animal is fixed.

"In the last partition of the shell is the animal, covered by its mantle, which lines to walls of the…

"Norway Lobsters have the eyes uniform and the two last rings of the thorax movable."

Nephrops Norvegicus

"Norway Lobsters have the eyes uniform and the two last rings of the thorax movable."

"A very ugly-looking creature, which belongs to the <em>Octopodidae</em> family, is the Octopus."

Octopus Brevipes (d'Orbigny)

"A very ugly-looking creature, which belongs to the Octopodidae family, is the Octopus."

"A very ugly-looking creature, which belongs to the <em>Octopodidae</em> family, is the Octopus."

Octopus Horridus (d'Orbigny)

"A very ugly-looking creature, which belongs to the Octopodidae family, is the Octopus."

"A very ugly-looking creature, which belongs to the <em>Octopodidae</em> family, is the Octopus."

Octopus Macropus (Risso)

"A very ugly-looking creature, which belongs to the Octopodidae family, is the Octopus."

"A very ugly-looking creature, which belongs to the <em>Octopodidae</em> family, is the Octopus."

Octopus Vulgaris (Lamarck)

"A very ugly-looking creature, which belongs to the Octopodidae family, is the Octopus."

"The genus <em>Oliva</em> is so named from its resemblance in form to the olive. They are flesh-eaters."

Oliva Erythrostoma (Lamarck)

"The genus Oliva is so named from its resemblance in form to the olive. They are flesh-eaters."

"The genus <em>Oliva</em> is so named from its resemblance in form to the olive. They are flesh-eaters."

Oliva Peruviana (Lamarck)

"The genus Oliva is so named from its resemblance in form to the olive. They are flesh-eaters."

"The genus <em>Oliva</em> is so named from its resemblance in form to the olive. They are flesh-eaters."

Oliva Porphyria (Lamarck)

"The genus Oliva is so named from its resemblance in form to the olive. They are flesh-eaters."

"The Hermit or Soldier Crab is perhaps the oddest and most curious of the Crustaceans." Hermit Crabs seek out a shell to inhabit and will kill a living mollusk to take its home.

Pagurus Bernhardus, In the Shell

"The Hermit or Soldier Crab is perhaps the oddest and most curious of the Crustaceans." Hermit Crabs…

"The Hermit or Soldier Crab is perhaps the oddest and most curious of the Crustaceans." Hermit Crabs seek out a shell to inhabit and will kill a living mollusk to take its home.

Pagurus Bernhardus, Out of the Shell

"The Hermit or Soldier Crab is perhaps the oddest and most curious of the Crustaceans." Hermit Crabs…

"The common crayfish. Crustaceans are nearly all carnivorous. <em>a</em>, left outward root-jaw"

Palinurus Vulgaris

"The common crayfish. Crustaceans are nearly all carnivorous. a, left outward root-jaw"

"Ruby-eyed Limpet, from the Antilles. If the common Limpet is alarmed, no human force, pulling in a direct line, can remove it."

Patella Granatina (Linnaeus)

"Ruby-eyed Limpet, from the Antilles. If the common Limpet is alarmed, no human force, pulling in a…

Smooth-shelled Pectens have colors that are frequently lively and brilliant. This is the Coral Pecten.

Pecten Foliaceus.

Smooth-shelled Pectens have colors that are frequently lively and brilliant. This is the Coral Pecten.

Smooth-shelled Pectens have colors that are frequently lively and brilliant. This is the Northern Pecten.

Pecten Islandicus (Chemnitz.)

Smooth-shelled Pectens have colors that are frequently lively and brilliant. This is the Northern Pecten.

"The Watered Pecten belongs to the scallop-shells. The shell is generally nearly circular, more or less elongated, and terminated toward the summit in a straight line."

Pecten Pseudamussium (Chenu.)

"The Watered Pecten belongs to the scallop-shells. The shell is generally nearly circular, more or less…

Smooth-shelled Pectens have colors that are frequently lively and brilliant. This is the Purple Pecten.

Pecten Purpuratus (Lamarck.)

Smooth-shelled Pectens have colors that are frequently lively and brilliant. This is the Purple Pecten.

Smooth-shelled Pectens have colors that are frequently lively and brilliant. This is the Tiger Pecten.

Pecten Tigris (Lamark.)

Smooth-shelled Pectens have colors that are frequently lively and brilliant. This is the Tiger Pecten.

"On the shores of the Mediterranean and along the Atlantic coast, species of the genus <em>Pectunculus</em> are abundant. When taken alive, the animal sometimes exudes a thick mucous liquid over the shell, which has disgusted many a young collector with his capture."

Pectunculus Scriptus (Lamarck)

"On the shores of the Mediterranean and along the Atlantic coast, species of the genus Pectunculus…

This species is able to hollow out a home in a solid block of gneiss, one of the hardest rocks. To excavate its cell at the bottom of one of these gloomy retreats seems to be all that the animal lives for.

Pholas Crispata (Linnaeus)

This species is able to hollow out a home in a solid block of gneiss, one of the hardest rocks. To excavate…

This species is able to hollow out a home in a solid block of gneiss, one of the hardest rocks. To excavate its cell at the bottom of one of these gloomy retreats seems to be all that the animal lives for.

Pholas Dactylus (Linnaeus)

This species is able to hollow out a home in a solid block of gneiss, one of the hardest rocks. To excavate…

This species is able to hollow out a home in a solid block of gneiss, one of the hardest rocks. To excavate its cell at the bottom of one of these gloomy retreats seems to be all that the animal lives for.

Pholas Melanoura (Sowerby)

This species is able to hollow out a home in a solid block of gneiss, one of the hardest rocks. To excavate…

This species is able to hollow out a home in a solid block of gneiss, one of the hardest rocks. To excavate its cell at the bottom of one of these gloomy retreats seems to be all that the animal lives for.

Pholas Papyracea (Solander)

This species is able to hollow out a home in a solid block of gneiss, one of the hardest rocks. To excavate…

"The species of the genus <em>Trochus</em> are found in all seas, and near to the shore in the clefts of rocks, especially in places where seaweeds grow luxuriantly."

Phorus Conchyliophorus (Borfu)

"The species of the genus Trochus are found in all seas, and near to the shore in the clefts…

"The genus <em>Pinna</em> was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers attached to their helmets. The animal is thick, elongated, with mantle open behind, presenting a conical, furrowed foot, bearing a considerable byssus."

Pinna Bullata (Swainson)

"The genus Pinna was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers…

"The genus <em>Pinna</em> was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers attached to their helmets. The animal is thick, elongated, with mantle open behind, presenting a conical, furrowed foot, bearing a considerable byssus."

Pinna Nigrina (Lamarck)

"The genus Pinna was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers…

"The genus <em>Pinna</em> was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers attached to their helmets. The animal is thick, elongated, with mantle open behind, presenting a conical, furrowed foot, bearing a considerable byssus."

Pinna Nobilis, with its byssus (Linnaeus)

"The genus Pinna was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers…

"The genus <em>Pinna</em> was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers attached to their helmets. They are of a brown, smoky color, with a fibrous, horny shell, very thin and fragile."

Pinna Rudis (Linnaeus)

"The genus Pinna was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers…

This creature, belonging to the <em>Octopodidae</em> family, "changes its color under any exertion, so that the animal at rest and in motion are two different beings."

Pinnoctopus Cordiiformis (Q. & G.)

This creature, belonging to the Octopodidae family, "changes its color under any exertion,…

"Among some Crustaceans there is neither thorax, nor abdomen, nor head, but all three form only one mass, often short and squat, as in the Four-horned Spider-crab."

Pisa Tetraodon

"Among some Crustaceans there is neither thorax, nor abdomen, nor head, but all three form only one…

The shell of the Planorbis is thin, light and disk-like in form. The can creep along solid bodies, or swim upside-down through the water.

Planorbis Corneus (Linnaeus)

The shell of the Planorbis is thin, light and disk-like in form. The can creep along solid bodies, or…

a: external antenna; b: external foot-jaw; c: tail or abdomen.

Portunus Variegatus, male

a: external antenna; b: external foot-jaw; c: tail or abdomen.

This species is known as the Sea-spiders or Scorpion-shells.

Pteroceras Chiragra (Linnaeus)

This species is known as the Sea-spiders or Scorpion-shells.

This species is known as the Sea-spiders or Scorpion-shells.

Pteroceras Lambis (Linnaeus)

This species is known as the Sea-spiders or Scorpion-shells.

This species is known as the Sea-spiders or Scorpion-shells.

Pteroceras Millepeda (Linnaeus)

This species is known as the Sea-spiders or Scorpion-shells.

This species is known as the Sea-spiders or Scorpion-shells.

Pteroceras Scorpio (Linnaeus)

This species is known as the Sea-spiders or Scorpion-shells.

Kindred of the genus <em>Helix</em>.

Pupa Uva

Kindred of the genus Helix.

"The Purpuras have a classical name and history, having furnished the Greeks and Romans with the brilliant purple coloring matter which was reserved for the mantles of patricians and princes."

Purpura Consul.

"The Purpuras have a classical name and history, having furnished the Greeks and Romans with the brilliant…

"Cuttlefish are probably the most interesting animals of [the cephalopoda] order. They live for five or six years, and lay eggs, which are large and generally found in clusters, and are known to fishermen as sea-grapes."

Sepia Officinalis (Linnaeus)

"Cuttlefish are probably the most interesting animals of [the cephalopoda] order. They live for five…

An upclose view of the arm of a Sepia Tuberculosa.

Arm of Sepia Tuberculosa (Lamarck)

An upclose view of the arm of a Sepia Tuberculosa.

"The Staircase-shell is recognized by its deep umbilicus, wide and funnel-shaped, in the interior of which may be seen the little teeth which follow the edge of every turn of the spiral up to the top. The diameter of this shell is sometimes two and a half inches."

Solarium Perpectivum (Bottom View)

"The Staircase-shell is recognized by its deep umbilicus, wide and funnel-shaped, in the interior of…

"The Staircase-shell is recognized by its deep umbilicus, wide and funnel-shaped, in the interior of which may be seen the little teeth which follow the edge of every turn of the spiral up to the top. The diameter of this shell is sometimes two and a half inches."

Solarium Perpectivum (Side View)

"The Staircase-shell is recognized by its deep umbilicus, wide and funnel-shaped, in the interior of…

"The more remarkable species of the genus <em>Spondylus</em>; their valves are unequal."

Spondylus Crassisquama (Lamarck.)

"The more remarkable species of the genus Spondylus; their valves are unequal."

"The more remarkable species of the genus <em>Spondylus</em>; their valves are unequal."

Spondylus Gaederopus (Lina.)

"The more remarkable species of the genus Spondylus; their valves are unequal."

"The more remarkable species of the genus <em>Spondylus</em>; their valves are unequal."

Spondylus Imperialis (Chemn.)

"The more remarkable species of the genus Spondylus; their valves are unequal."

"The more remarkable species of the genus <em>Spondylus</em>; their valves are unequal. A native of the Indian Ocean and rarely met with."

Spondylus Regius (Linn.)

"The more remarkable species of the genus Spondylus; their valves are unequal. A native of…

"The Angel-winged is shown [here]. It is veined with stripes of white and red, and comes from the coasts of Asia and America."

Strombus Gallus (Linn.)

"The Angel-winged is shown [here]. It is veined with stripes of white and red, and comes from the coasts…

"The <em>Strombus</em> is a peculiar genus, belonging to the equatorial seas. Some of these attain great size."

Shell of Strombus Gigas

"The Strombus is a peculiar genus, belonging to the equatorial seas. Some of these attain great…

"The <em>Strombus</em> is a peculiar genus, belonging to the equatorial seas. Some of these attain great size."

Strombus Gigas (Linnaeus), with the animal

"The Strombus is a peculiar genus, belonging to the equatorial seas. Some of these attain great…

Found "amid the grasses and in shrubs near brooks."

Succinea Putris (Linnaeus)

Found "amid the grasses and in shrubs near brooks."

"The center is a bright violet, with brownish longitudinal, punctured lines. All these are inhabitants of the tropical seas."

Tridacna Squamosa (Inside) (Lamarck)

"The center is a bright violet, with brownish longitudinal, punctured lines. All these are inhabitants…