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The Dahlia root is a perennial.

Dahlia Root

The Dahlia root is a perennial.

"When the fibers of roots become enlarged by the deposition of starch, they form this variety of root."—Darby, 1855

Fasciculated Root

"When the fibers of roots become enlarged by the deposition of starch, they form this variety of root."—Darby,…

"This variety consists of numerous fibers proceeding from the neck of the plant, and may be seen in most grasses and grains."—Darby, 1855

Fibrous Root

"This variety consists of numerous fibers proceeding from the neck of the plant, and may be seen in…

"Where the root tapers toward each extremity, as seen in the Radish."—Darby, 1855

Fusiform Root

"Where the root tapers toward each extremity, as seen in the Radish."—Darby, 1855

Root hairs of lettuce, with adherent soil grains.

Lettuce Root

Root hairs of lettuce, with adherent soil grains.

"The variety which is very large at the base, but tapers abruptly, as in the Turnip."—Darby, 1855

Napiform Root

"The variety which is very large at the base, but tapers abruptly, as in the Turnip."—Darby, 1855

Roots which never reach the ground are produced by certain plants whose seeds, lodged upon the boughs or trunks of trees, grow there and make an epiphyte, or an air-plant.

Orchid Root

Roots which never reach the ground are produced by certain plants whose seeds, lodged upon the boughs…

This shows real roots of the potato, as well as several branches of the stem, with potatoes forming in all stages at their tips.

Potato Root

This shows real roots of the potato, as well as several branches of the stem, with potatoes forming…

A rootstock is any kind of horizontal stem or branch growing under ground.

Quick-grass Root

A rootstock is any kind of horizontal stem or branch growing under ground.

So the biennial root becomes large and heavy, being a storehouse of nourishing matter, (Gray, 1858).

Radish Root

So the biennial root becomes large and heavy, being a storehouse of nourishing matter, (Gray, 1858).

"The Rhizoma or Rootstock grows in a nearly horizontal direction, emitting roots from its under side, increasing by one extremity only, at which it puts forth leaves and flower-stems, and gradually dying at the other. Its surface is generally marked by irregular ridges formed by the bases of decayed leaves."—Darby, 1855

Rhizoma Root

"The Rhizoma or Rootstock grows in a nearly horizontal direction, emitting roots from its under side,…

In some perennial herbs, prostrate stems or branches underground are thickened with this store of nourishment for their whole length.

Solomon's Seal Root

In some perennial herbs, prostrate stems or branches underground are thickened with this store of nourishment…

This shows a typical tap root, (Keeler, 1915).

Tap Root

This shows a typical tap root, (Keeler, 1915).

"When the root sinks perpendicularly into the earth, and tapers regularly from the base to the apex with very few fibrous radicles. This variety contains some of the most important garden vegetables, and it is seldom found of natural growth, being almost uniformly produced by cultivation."—Darby, 1855

Tap Root

"When the root sinks perpendicularly into the earth, and tapers regularly from the base to the apex…

Roots of the turnip are designed to absorb moisture and matter from soil, and to hold nutrients for use.

Turnip Root

Roots of the turnip are designed to absorb moisture and matter from soil, and to hold nutrients for…

"Fahlias and paeonies may be grafted by inserting young shoots into the neck of one of the fleshy roots of each kind respectively the best method of doing so being to cut a triangular section near the upper end of the root, just large enough to admit the young shoot when slightly pared away in two sides to give it a similar form." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Root-Grafting

"Fahlias and paeonies may be grafted by inserting young shoots into the neck of one of the fleshy roots…

"In the case of large woody plants thus worked the grafted roots, after the operation is completed, are planted in nursery beds, so that the upper buds only are exposed to the atmosphere, as shown at c in the figure." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Root-Grafting

"In the case of large woody plants thus worked the grafted roots, after the operation is completed,…

"Didymous roots are those which produce a tubercle each year, and when the tubercle of one year arrives at nearly the dimensions of the one of the preceding year, they answer to the form indicated by the term applied to them; that is, double or twin roots."—Darby, 1855

Didymous Roots

"Didymous roots are those which produce a tubercle each year, and when the tubercle of one year arrives…

This plant features serpent like roots.

Spanish Salsify

This plant features serpent like roots.

"The simplest and most generally practised form of budding is that called Shield budding or T-budding. The operator should be provided with a budding-knife in which the cutting edge of the blade is rounded off at the point, and which has a thin ivory or bone handle, for raising the bark of the stock. A horizonal incision is made in the bark quite down to the wood, and from this a perpendicular slit is drawn downwards to the extent of perhaps an inch, so that the slit has a resemblance to the letter T, as at a. A bud is then cut by a clean incision from the tree intended to be propagated, having a portion of the wood attached to it, and so that the whole may be an inch and a half long, as at d." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shield-Budding

"The simplest and most generally practised form of budding is that called Shield budding or T-budding.…

<i>Sium sisarum</i>. "A species of water parsnip, generally said to be of Chinese origin, long cultivated in Europe for its esculent root. It is a plant a foot high with pinnate leaves, a hardy perennial, but grown as an annual. The root is composed of small fleshy tubers, of the size of the little finger, united at the crown." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Skirret

Sium sisarum. "A species of water parsnip, generally said to be of Chinese origin, long cultivated in…

"<i>Polygala senega</i> of eastern North America. It sends up several stems from hard knotty root-stocks, bearing single close racemes of white flowers. It is the source of the officinal senegaroot, and from being much gathered is said to have become scarce in the east." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>This illustration shows the knotty roots and the lower portion of the stem.

Seneca Snakeroot - Roots and Base of the Stem

"Polygala senega of eastern North America. It sends up several stems from hard knotty root-stocks, bearing…

"A terminal plant on a runner as taken from the ground." &mdash;Fuller, 1910

Young strawberry plant

"A terminal plant on a runner as taken from the ground." —Fuller, 1910

"Root suckers are young shoots from the roots of plants, chiefly woody plants, as may often be seenin the case of the elm and the plum. The shoots when used for propagation must be transplanted with all the roots attached to them, care being taken not to injure the parent plant. If they spring from a thick root it is not to be wantonly severed, but the soil should be removed and the sucker taken off by cutting away a clean slice of the root." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Suckering Iron

"Root suckers are young shoots from the roots of plants, chiefly woody plants, as may often be seenin…

Verbena cutting, well rooted.

Verbena

Verbena cutting, well rooted.

"Vincetoxicum officinale. a, root; b, fruit; c, a single seed." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Vincetoxicum

"Vincetoxicum officinale. a, root; b, fruit; c, a single seed." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Grafting is a method of asexual plant propagation widely used in agriculture and horticulture where the tissues of one plant are encouraged to fuse with those of another. Pictured here is the root-grafting of a woody plant.

Root-Grafting of Woody Plant

Grafting is a method of asexual plant propagation widely used in agriculture and horticulture where…