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Hand-shadow of Reindeer

Reindeer

Hand-shadow of Reindeer

Hand-shadow of Chamois

Chamois

Hand-shadow of Chamois

Hand-shadow of Hound

Hound

Hand-shadow of Hound

Hand-shadow of Camel

Camel

Hand-shadow of Camel

Hand-shadow of Pig

Pig

Hand-shadow of Pig

Hand-shadow of Goose

Goose

Hand-shadow of Goose

Hand-shadow of Wolf

Wolf

Hand-shadow of Wolf

Hand-shadow of Goat

Goat

Hand-shadow of Goat

Hand-shadow of Elephant

Elephant

Hand-shadow of Elephant

Hand-shadow of Rabbit

Rabbit

Hand-shadow of Rabbit

Hand-shadow of Teddy Bear

Teddy Bear

Hand-shadow of Teddy Bear

Hand-shadow of Ox

Ox

Hand-shadow of Ox

Hand-shadow of Dog

Dog

Hand-shadow of Dog

Hand-shadow of Butterfly

Butterfly

Hand-shadow of Butterfly

Hand-shadow of Donkey

Donkey

Hand-shadow of Donkey

"Gallant attack by 150 of the Pennsylvania Bucktails, led by Colonel Kane, upon a portion of General Stonewall Jackson's Confederate Army, stronly posted in the woods, near Harrisonburg, Friday, June 6th, 1862. We illustrate one of the most heroic actions of the war, the attack of the famous Bucktails, under their gallant leader, Colonel Krane, upon a large portion of Stonewall Jackson's army, consisting of infantry, cavalry and artillery. The spot where this deadly conflict took place was about a mile and a half beyond Harrisonburg, on the road to Port Republic, toward which place the Confederates were in full retreat, closely but warily pursued by Generals Fremont and Shields. On Friday, June 6th, Colonel Sir Percy Wyndham, of the First New Jersey Cavalry, having been sent by General Bayard to reconnoitre, was led into an ambuscade, where his regiment was fearfully cut up, and himself wounded and taken prisoner. It will be seen that the humanity of Colonel Krane led him into a similar trap. News of what had occurred was rapidly transmitted to headquarters, and General Bayard was ordered out with fresh cavalry and a battalion of Pennsylvania Bucktails. But the Sixtieth Ohio had already beaten back the bold Confederates. The evening was waxing late; General Fremont did not wish to bring on a general engagement at this hour, and the troops were ordered back. "But do not leave poor Wyndham on the field, and all the wounded," remonstrated brave Colonel Krane of the Bucktails. "Let me at 'em, general, with my Bucktails." "Just forty minutes I'll give you, colonel," said General Bayard, pulling out his watch. "Peep through the woods on our left, see what is in there, and out again when the time is up." In go the 150 at an opening in the pines; they were soon surrounded by a cordon of fire flashing from the muzzles of more than a thousand muskets; but not a sign, nor the shadow of a sign, of yielding. Their fire met the enemy's straight and unyielding as the blade of a matador. Oh for re-enforcements! But none came. The brave Bucktails were forcd to retreat across the fields of waving green, firing as they did so- but not the 150 that went in. The rest lie under the arching dome of the treacherous forest." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Attack at Harrisonburg

"Gallant attack by 150 of the Pennsylvania Bucktails, led by Colonel Kane, upon a portion of General…

"Gallant attack by 150 of the Pennsylvania Bucktails, led by Colonel Kane, upon a portion of General Stonewall Jackson's Confederate Army, stronly posted in the woods, near Harrisonburg, Friday, June 6th, 1862. We illustrate one of the most heroic actions of the war, the attack of the famous Bucktails, under their gallant leader, Colonel Krane, upon a large portion of Stonewall Jackson's army, consisting of infantry, cavalry and artillery. The spot where this deadly conflict took place was about a mile and a half beyond Harrisonburg, on the road to Port Republic, toward which place the Confederates were in full retreat, closely but warily pursued by Generals Fremont and Shields. On Friday, June 6th, Colonel Sir Percy Wyndham, of the First New Jersey Cavalry, having been sent by General Bayard to reconnoitre, was led into an ambuscade, where his regiment was fearfully cut up, and himself wounded and taken prisoner. It will be seen that the humanity of Colonel Krane led him into a similar trap. News of what had occurred was rapidly transmitted to headquarters, and General Bayard was ordered out with fresh cavalry and a battalion of Pennsylvania Bucktails. But the Sixtieth Ohio had already beaten back the bold Confederates. The evening was waxing late; General Fremont did not wish to bring on a general engagement at this hour, and the troops were ordered back. "But do not leave poor Wyndham on the field, and all the wounded," remonstrated brave Colonel Krane of the Bucktails. "Let me at 'em, general, with my Bucktails." "Just forty minutes I'll give you, colonel," said General Bayard, pulling out his watch. "Peep through the woods on our left, see what is in there, and out again when the time is up." In go the 150 at an opening in the pines; they were soon surrounded by a cordon of fire flashing from the muzzles of more than a thousand muskets; but not a sign, nor the shadow of a sign, of yielding. Their fire met the enemy's straight and unyielding as the blade of a matador. Oh for re-enforcements! But none came. The brave Bucktails were forcd to retreat across the fields of waving green, firing as they did so- but not the 150 that went in. The rest lie under the arching dome of the treacherous forest." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Attack at Harrisonburg

"Gallant attack by 150 of the Pennsylvania Bucktails, led by Colonel Kane, upon a portion of General…

"Gallant attack by 150 of the Pennsylvania Bucktails, led by Colonel Kane, upon a portion of General Stonewall Jackson's Confederate Army, stronly posted in the woods, near Harrisonburg, Friday, June 6th, 1862. We illustrate one of the most heroic actions of the war, the attack of the famous Bucktails, under their gallant leader, Colonel Krane, upon a large portion of Stonewall Jackson's army, consisting of infantry, cavalry and artillery. The spot where this deadly conflict took place was about a mile and a half beyond Harrisonburg, on the road to Port Republic, toward which place the Confederates were in full retreat, closely but warily pursued by Generals Fremont and Shields. On Friday, June 6th, Colonel Sir Percy Wyndham, of the First New Jersey Cavalry, having been sent by General Bayard to reconnoitre, was led into an ambuscade, where his regiment was fearfully cut up, and himself wounded and taken prisoner. It will be seen that the humanity of Colonel Krane led him into a similar trap. News of what had occurred was rapidly transmitted to headquarters, and General Bayard was ordered out with fresh cavalry and a battalion of Pennsylvania Bucktails. But the Sixtieth Ohio had already beaten back the bold Confederates. The evening was waxing late; General Fremont did not wish to bring on a general engagement at this hour, and the troops were ordered back. "But do not leave poor Wyndham on the field, and all the wounded," remonstrated brave Colonel Krane of the Bucktails. "Let me at 'em, general, with my Bucktails." "Just forty minutes I'll give you, colonel," said General Bayard, pulling out his watch. "Peep through the woods on our left, see what is in there, and out again when the time is up." In go the 150 at an opening in the pines; they were soon surrounded by a cordon of fire flashing from the muzzles of more than a thousand muskets; but not a sign, nor the shadow of a sign, of yielding. Their fire met the enemy's straight and unyielding as the blade of a matador. Oh for re-enforcements! But none came. The brave Bucktails were forcd to retreat across the fields of waving green, firing as they did so- but not the 150 that went in. The rest lie under the arching dome of the treacherous forest." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Attack at Harrisonburg

"Gallant attack by 150 of the Pennsylvania Bucktails, led by Colonel Kane, upon a portion of General…

"Gallant attack by 150 of the Pennsylvania Bucktails, led by Colonel Kane, upon a portion of General Stonewall Jackson's Confederate Army, stronly posted in the woods, near Harrisonburg, Friday, June 6th, 1862. We illustrate one of the most heroic actions of the war, the attack of the famous Bucktails, under their gallant leader, Colonel Krane, upon a large portion of Stonewall Jackson's army, consisting of infantry, cavalry and artillery. The spot where this deadly conflict took place was about a mile and a half beyond Harrisonburg, on the road to Port Republic, toward which place the Confederates were in full retreat, closely but warily pursued by Generals Fremont and Shields. On Friday, June 6th, Colonel Sir Percy Wyndham, of the First New Jersey Cavalry, having been sent by General Bayard to reconnoitre, was led into an ambuscade, where his regiment was fearfully cut up, and himself wounded and taken prisoner. It will be seen that the humanity of Colonel Krane led him into a similar trap. News of what had occurred was rapidly transmitted to headquarters, and General Bayard was ordered out with fresh cavalry and a battalion of Pennsylvania Bucktails. But the Sixtieth Ohio had already beaten back the bold Confederates. The evening was waxing late; General Fremont did not wish to bring on a general engagement at this hour, and the troops were ordered back. "But do not leave poor Wyndham on the field, and all the wounded," remonstrated brave Colonel Krane of the Bucktails. "Let me at 'em, general, with my Bucktails." "Just forty minutes I'll give you, colonel," said General Bayard, pulling out his watch. "Peep through the woods on our left, see what is in there, and out again when the time is up." In go the 150 at an opening in the pines; they were soon surrounded by a cordon of fire flashing from the muzzles of more than a thousand muskets; but not a sign, nor the shadow of a sign, of yielding. Their fire met the enemy's straight and unyielding as the blade of a matador. Oh for re-enforcements! But none came. The brave Bucktails were forcd to retreat across the fields of waving green, firing as they did so- but not the 150 that went in. The rest lie under the arching dome of the treacherous forest." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Attack at Harrisonburg

"Gallant attack by 150 of the Pennsylvania Bucktails, led by Colonel Kane, upon a portion of General…

"View at the Spring; Hobkirk's Hill. It is at the hed of a ravine, scooped out of the northeastern slope of Hobkirk's Hill. The noble trees which shadow it are tulips, poplars, and pines. The house seen on the top of the hill, toward the left, is the residence of William E. Johnson, Esq., president of the Camden Bank. A few yards below the spring a dike has been cast up, across the ravine, by which a fine duck pond is formed, and adds beauty to the scene, in summer."—Lossing, 1851

Hobkirk's Hill

"View at the Spring; Hobkirk's Hill. It is at the hed of a ravine, scooped out of the northeastern slope…

"An Eclipse is an interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or other heavenly body by the intervention of another and non-luminous heavenly body or by its shadow."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Eclipse

"An Eclipse is an interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or other heavenly body…

A cat in a ball

Cat in a ball

A cat in a ball

"The position of the true meridian may be found as follows: Point the hour hand of a watch towards the sun; the line joining the pivot and the point midway between the hour hand and XIII on the dial will point towards the south; that is to say if the observer stands so as to face the sun and the XII on the dial, he will be looking south. To point the hour hand exactly at the sun, stick a pin and bring the hour hand into the shadow. At night a line drawn toward the north star from the observer's position is approximately a true meridian." — Moss, 1914

True meridian

"The position of the true meridian may be found as follows: Point the hour hand of a watch towards the…

An instrument for showing the time of day from the shadow of a style on a graduated surface.

Dial

An instrument for showing the time of day from the shadow of a style on a graduated surface.

a is called the cathode, b is a plate of metal mounted inside the tube and in the path of the rays; d is the portion of the glass protected from the cathode rays by the screen.

Shadow Tube

a is called the cathode, b is a plate of metal mounted inside the tube and in the path of the rays;…

This illustration shows rays attracted to a magnet, and exerting force upon the object against which they are striking.

Cathode

This illustration shows rays attracted to a magnet, and exerting force upon the object against which…

"When the Moon falls into the shadow of the Earth, the rays of the Sun are intercepted, or hid from her, and she then becomes eclipsed. when the Earth's shadow covers a part of her face, as seen by us, she suffers only a partial eclipse, one part of her disc being obscured, while the other part reflects the Sun's light. But when her whole surface is obscured by the Earth's shadow, she then suffers a total eclipse, and of a duration proportionate to the distance she passes through the Earth's shadow." —Comstock, 1850

Moon Eclipse

"When the Moon falls into the shadow of the Earth, the rays of the Sun are intercepted, or hid from…

"When the moon psses between the Earth and Sun, there happens an eclipse of the Sun, because then the Moon's shadow falls upon the Earth. A total eclipse of the Sun happens often, but when it occurs, the total obscurity is confined to a small part of the Earth; since the dark portion of the Moon's shadow never exceeds 200 miles in diameter on the Earth. But the Moon's partial shadow, or penumbra, may cover a space on the Earth of more than 4,000 miles in diameter, within all which space the Sun will be more or less eclipsed. When the penumbra first touches the Earth, the eclipse begins at that place, and ends when the penumbra leaves it. But the eclipse will be total only where the dark shadow of the Moon touches the earth." —Comstock, 1850

Sun Eclipse

"When the moon psses between the Earth and Sun, there happens an eclipse of the Sun, because then the…

"Umbra and Penumbra. A solar eclipse, with the penumbra, d, c, and the umbra or dark shadow is seen here. When the Moon is at its greatest distance from the Earth, its shadow m o, sometimes terminates, before it reaches the Earth, and then an observer standing directly under the point o, will see the outer edge of the Sun, forming a bright ring around the circumference of the Moon, thus forming an annular eclipse." —Comstock, 1850

Umbra

"Umbra and Penumbra. A solar eclipse, with the penumbra, d, c, and the umbra or dark shadow is seen…

"Since A is producing light and larger than object B, the shadow of B continuously shrinks to a single point at C." —Quackenbos 1859

Diminish Shadow

"Since A is producing light and larger than object B, the shadow of B continuously shrinks to a single…

Illustration of a palm tree that is perpendicular to the ground. The tree is perfectly straight, as is the ground. This drawing could be used for shadow, proportion, trigonometric, or Pythagorean Theorem problems.

Palm Tree Perpendicular to Ground

Illustration of a palm tree that is perpendicular to the ground. The tree is perfectly straight, as…

An instrument used in geography to measure angles of the sun at different times of the day.

Heliotrope

An instrument used in geography to measure angles of the sun at different times of the day.

The silhouette of a sitting cat.

Cat Silhouette

The silhouette of a sitting cat.

A cat grinding coffee, from the story "How Cats Came to Purr."

Cat Grinding Coffee

A cat grinding coffee, from the story "How Cats Came to Purr."

A cat grinding coffee by order of his master, in the story "How Cats Came to Purr."

Cat and Mater

A cat grinding coffee by order of his master, in the story "How Cats Came to Purr."

A cat sitting solemnly as dogs dance down the hallway, in the story "How Cats Came to Purr."

Cat and Dancing Dogs

A cat sitting solemnly as dogs dance down the hallway, in the story "How Cats Came to Purr."

A grand procession of silhouettes.

Shadow Parade

A grand procession of silhouettes.

The silhouette illustration of the sick cat after swallowing the coffee mill in the story, "How Cats Came to Purr."

Sick Cat

The silhouette illustration of the sick cat after swallowing the coffee mill in the story, "How Cats…

The silhouette illustration of the shocked cat after swallowing the coffee mill in the story, "How Cats Came to Purr."

Shocked Cat

The silhouette illustration of the shocked cat after swallowing the coffee mill in the story, "How Cats…

The silhouette illustration of the cat in "How Cats Came to Purr."

Sitting Cat

The silhouette illustration of the cat in "How Cats Came to Purr."

The silhouette illustration of the cat walking in "How Cats Came to Purr."

Walking Cat

The silhouette illustration of the cat walking in "How Cats Came to Purr."

The silhouette illustration of the man petting the cat walking in "How Cats Came to Purr."

Man Petting Cat

The silhouette illustration of the man petting the cat walking in "How Cats Came to Purr."

The silhouette illustration of the genie scaring the man and the cat in "How Cats Came to Purr."

Genie

The silhouette illustration of the genie scaring the man and the cat in "How Cats Came to Purr."

The silhouette illustration of the retired cat in "How Cats Came to Purr."

Retired Cat

The silhouette illustration of the retired cat in "How Cats Came to Purr."

An illustration of a young boy tracing his shadow on a wall while three young girls watch.

Shadow Drawing

An illustration of a young boy tracing his shadow on a wall while three young girls watch.

A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. In common designs such as the horizontal sundial, the sun casts a shadow from its style (a thin rod or a sharp, straight edge) onto a flat surface marked with lines indicating the hours of the day. As the sun moves across the sky, the shadow-edge progressively aligns with different hour-lines on the plate. Such designs rely on the style being aligned with the axis of the Earth's rotation. Hence, if such a sundial is to tell the correct time, the style must point towards true North (not the north or south magnetic pole) and the style's angle with horizontal must equal the sundial's geographical latitude.

Sundial

A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. In common designs such as the horizontal…

In the common vertical dial, the shadow-receiving plane is aligned vertically; as usual, the gnomon's style is aligned with the Earth's axis of rotation. As in the horizontal dial, the line of shadow does not move uniformly on the face; the sundial is not equiangular.

Vertical South Dial

In the common vertical dial, the shadow-receiving plane is aligned vertically; as usual, the gnomon's…

In polar dials, the shadow-receiving plane is aligned parallel to the gnomon-style. Thus, the shadow slides sideways over the surface, moving perpendicularly to itself as the sun rotates about the style. As with the gnomon, the hour-lines are all aligned with the Earth's rotational axis. When the sun's rays are nearly parallel to the plane, the shadow moves very quickly and the hour lines are spaced far apart. The direct East- and West-facing dials are examples of a polar dial. However, the face of a polar dial need not be vertical; it need only be parallel to the gnomon.

Polar Dials

In polar dials, the shadow-receiving plane is aligned parallel to the gnomon-style. Thus, the shadow…

"Shadow-sail, a sail designed to take the place of he regular jib-headed spinnaker ... a, shadow-sail; b, boom; c, after-boom guy." -Whitney, 1911

Shadow Sail

"Shadow-sail, a sail designed to take the place of he regular jib-headed spinnaker ... a, shadow-sail;…

"A slender length of brass resting in a small brass button and designed to stand vertically on the center of a compass glass. From the shadow cast by it the sun's bearing is determined. It may also be used to take compass bearings of other objects." -Whitney, 1911

Shadow Pin

"A slender length of brass resting in a small brass button and designed to stand vertically on the center…

"A globe casts its shadow upon the ground; the sun's rays parallel with the picture at an angle of 45° with the horizon." (Britannica, 1891)

Shadows of Curvilinear Objects

"A globe casts its shadow upon the ground; the sun's rays parallel with the picture at an angle of 45°…

"A column supporting a horizontal square slab at right angles with the picture plane. A pole leans against the wall behind, and cast sit shadow on the column. Sun's inclination 40°, elevation 35°." (Britannica, 1891)

Shadows of an Column Supporting a Horizontal Square

"A column supporting a horizontal square slab at right angles with the picture plane. A pole leans against…

An illustration of a shadow from a table with the sun directly perpendicular above the table.

Shadow of a Table

An illustration of a shadow from a table with the sun directly perpendicular above the table.

An illustration of a shadow cast by the light of a street lamp.

Shadow of an Street Lamp

An illustration of a shadow cast by the light of a street lamp.

"A pole is leaning against a wall A, against which it casts part of its shadow, and the remainder upon another wall B, at right angles with A. Let D be the source of light." (Britannica, 1891)

Shadow of an Pole

"A pole is leaning against a wall A, against which it casts part of its shadow, and the remainder upon…

"A ladder leaning against a wall casts it shadow partly on the wall C; it is continued on an open door not perpendicular with its connecting wall; and lastly upon the ground. Project also the shadow of the door. Let A be the source of light" (Britannica, 1891)

Shadow of an Ladder

"A ladder leaning against a wall casts it shadow partly on the wall C; it is continued on an open door…

"To show how a shadow if a perpendicular object is to be projected on an inclined plane." -Benson, 1891

Shadow of a Perpendicular Object

"To show how a shadow if a perpendicular object is to be projected on an inclined plane." -Benson, 1891

An illustration of a young girl who is scared of her shadow.

Girl and Her Shadow

An illustration of a young girl who is scared of her shadow.

View of a village in the Schwartzwald, or Black Forest. The Black Forest stands in the elbow formed by the Rhine river in its course from Schaffhausen to Basle, and from Basle to Mannheim. It is bounded by the plain that borders the river The Neckar River bounds it on the north, while on the east it is limited by the upper part of the same river, and by an imaginary line drawn from the source of the Neckar to Schaffhausen. The Black Forest owes its gloomy name to the dark aspect of its peaks and slopes which is shadowed by pine-trees. On the brightest day the forest's trees still retain their shadow.

Black Forest Village

View of a village in the Schwartzwald, or Black Forest. The Black Forest stands in the elbow formed…

In animals there are different types of sight. Some have what we call simple eyes. The simplest eyes are not capable of forming an image or picture of external objects. They only make the animal able to distinguish between light and darkness or shadow. This diagram shows the simple eye or a jellyfish.

Sense of Sight

In animals there are different types of sight. Some have what we call simple eyes. The simplest eyes…