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Roger's Rock. This sketch is from the lake, a little south of Cook's Point, seen just over the boat on the left. Immediately beyond is seen the smooth rock. Nearly opposite the 'slide' is Anthony's Nose, a high, rocky promontory, having the appearance of a human nose in shape when viewed from a particular point.

Roger's Rock

Roger's Rock. This sketch is from the lake, a little south of Cook's Point, seen just over the boat…

Isaac Rice was the name of our octegenarian guide. Like scores of those who fought our battles for freedom, and lived the allotted term of human life, he is left in his evening twilight to depend upon the cold friendship of the world for sustenance, and to feel the practical ingratitude of a people reveling in the enjoyment which is privations in early manhood contributed to secure.

Isaac Rice

Isaac Rice was the name of our octegenarian guide. Like scores of those who fought our battles for freedom,…

Ticonderoga at sunset.

Ticonderoga

Ticonderoga at sunset.

The bakery. Near the southeastern angle of the range of barracks is the bakery; it is an under-ground arched room, and was beneath the <em>glacis</em>, perfectly bomb-proof, and protected from all danger form without.

Bakery

The bakery. Near the southeastern angle of the range of barracks is the bakery; it is an under-ground…

View from the top of Mount Defiance.

Mount Defiance

View from the top of Mount Defiance.

Site of Fort Anne. This view is from the bridge which crosses Wood Creek, looking south. The distant building on the right is the dwelling of Mr. Moore. Nearer is his store-house, and on the left are his out-houses. The fence, and so on to the barns and in their yards.

Fort Anne

Site of Fort Anne. This view is from the bridge which crosses Wood Creek, looking south. The distant…

Battleground near Fort Anne. This sketch was taken from the rail-road, looking north. The forest upon the left is the 'thick wood' of the Revolution, but on the right cultivated fields have taken the place of the forest to a considerable extent. On the right is seen the Champlain Canal, here occupying the bed of Wood Creek. The fence on the left indicates the place of the public road between Fort Anne and Whitehall. When this sketch was made (1848) the rail-road was unfinished.

Battleground near Fort Anne

Battleground near Fort Anne. This sketch was taken from the rail-road, looking north. The forest upon…

View at Putnam's Rock.

Putnam's Rock

View at Putnam's Rock.

The battle-ground of Hubbardton.

Hubbardton

The battle-ground of Hubbardton.

View from Shole's Landing. This is a view from Chipman's Point, or Sholes's Landing, looking north. The high ridge on the right, in the distance, is Mount Independence. The higher and more distant hill on the left, over the cedar, is Mount Defiance, and the elevation beyond is Mount Hope. Fort Ticonderoga is on the other side of Mount Independence, in a line with the highest part.

Sholes's Landing

View from Shole's Landing. This is a view from Chipman's Point, or Sholes's Landing, looking north.…

Chimney Point Landing. This view is taken from the green in front of the inn at Chimney Point, looking west-southwest. The first land seen across the lake is Crown Point, with the remaining barracks and other works of the fortress, and the dwellings and outhouses of Mr. Baker, and a resident farmer. Beyond the point is Bulwaggy Bay, a broad, deep estuary much wider than the lake at Chimney Point. Beyond the bay, and rising from its western shore, is a Bulwaggy mountain, varying in perpendicular height from four to nine hundred feet, and distant from the fort between one and two miles. A little to the right of the larger tree on the shore is the site of Fort St. Frederic, and at the edge of the circle on the left, along the same shore, is the locality of the <em>Grenadiers' Battery.</em> The wharf and bridge in the foreground form the steam-boat and ferry landing at Chimney Point.

Chimney Point

Chimney Point Landing. This view is taken from the green in front of the inn at Chimney Point, looking…

Western line of barracks. There were four large buildings used for barracks within the fort, the walls or chimneys of which were built of limestone. One of them has been entirely removed, and another, two hundred and eighty-seven feet long, is almost demolished. Portions of it are seen on the left, in the foreground of the picture. The walls of the other two-one, one hundred and ninety-two, and the other two hundred and sixteen feet long, and two stories high- are quite perfect, and one of them was roofed and inhabited until within two or three years. At each end, and between these barracks, are seen the remains of the western range of barracks, and looking southeast. The hills in the distance are the Green Mountains on the left, and the nearer range called Snake mountain, on the right.

Western Line of Barracks

Western line of barracks. There were four large buildings used for barracks within the fort, the walls…

Crown Point.

Crown Point

Crown Point.

Virtual representation, 1775. 1. One String Jack, Deliver your property. 2. Begar, just so in France. 3. Te Deum. 4. I give you that man's money for my use. 5. I will not be robbed. 6. I shall be wounded with you. 7. I am blinded. 8. The French Roman Catholic town of Quebec. 9. The English Protestant town of Boston.

Representation of 1775

Virtual representation, 1775. 1. One String Jack, Deliver your property. 2. Begar, just so in France.…

Split Rock. Soldiers left from Chimney Point to Crown Point.

Split Rock

Split Rock. Soldiers left from Chimney Point to Crown Point.

Burgoyne addressing the Indians.

Burgoyne

Burgoyne addressing the Indians.

Tomb of Ethan Allen as seen in 1851. Shortly thereafter, this original plaque disappeared. In 1858, a 42-foot column bas placed in the cemetery by the Vermont Legislature in his memory.

Ethan Allen Tomb

Tomb of Ethan Allen as seen in 1851. Shortly thereafter, this original plaque disappeared. In 1858,…

Scene of Arnold's naval battle. This sketch was made from the pilot's room of the steam-boat just after leaving Port Jackson. On the left is a point of the main land, and on the right is seen a portion of Valcour's Island. The high ground in the extreme distance, on the left, is Cumberland Head, and that dimly seen in the center of the picture is the Vermont store.

Arnold's Battle

Scene of Arnold's naval battle. This sketch was made from the pilot's room of the steam-boat just after…

Isle Aux Noix, in the Sorel. The sketch was made from the pilot's room of the steam-boat, about half a mile above the island, looking east-northeast. The landing is a little beyond the trees on the right, where sentinels are stationed. The island is small, and wholly occupied by the military works. A broad fen extends some distance from the northern side, and the wild ducks that gather there afford fine amusement for sportsment during the hunting season.

Isle Aux Noix

Isle Aux Noix, in the Sorel. The sketch was made from the pilot's room of the steam-boat, about half…

Military establishment at St. John's. This view is taken from the eastern side of the river, near the remains of a block-house erected by Montgomery when he besieged the fort in 1775. On the right is seen the fort, which incloses the magazine; in the center is the building occupied by the officers, on either side of which are the barracks of the soldiers. The large building on the left is the hospital, and the smaller one still further left is the dead-house. The river here is about a quarter of a mile wide. The present military works are upon the site of those of the Revolution.

St. John's

Military establishment at St. John's. This view is taken from the eastern side of the river, near the…

Fort at Chambly, this is a view of the south and west sides of the fort, looking toward the river. It stands directly upon the Richelieu, at the foot of the Chambly Rapids, and at the head of the navigation of the river up from the St. awrence. it is strongly built of stone, and, as seen in the picture, is in a state of excellent preservation.

Fort at Chambly

Fort at Chambly, this is a view of the south and west sides of the fort, looking toward the river. It…

St. John's, on the Richelieu or Sorel.

St. John's

St. John's, on the Richelieu or Sorel.

Lord George Germain, former Secretary of War.

Lord George Germain

Lord George Germain, former Secretary of War.

Canadian peasant girl.

peasant girl

Canadian peasant girl.

Beloeil Mountain, this sketch is taken from the southeast angle of old Fort chambly, showing the rapids in the forground. The mountain is twenty miles distant, near the Sorel. On the highest point of the range the Bishop of Nancy, a French prelate, erected a huge cross in 1843, the pedestal of which was sufficiently large to form a chapel capable of containing fifty persons. In November, 1847, during a severe thundergust, the lightning and wind completely emolished the cross, but spared the pedestal, and that, being white, may be seen at a great distance.

Beloeil Mountain

Beloeil Mountain, this sketch is taken from the southeast angle of old Fort chambly, showing the rapids…

Francois Yest was a Frenchman, involved in the American Revolution.

Francois Yest

Francois Yest was a Frenchman, involved in the American Revolution.

A caleche.

Caleche

A caleche.

Grey nun praying during the American Revolution.

Grey Nun

Grey nun praying during the American Revolution.

Sir Guy Carleton, afterward Lord Dorchester, was Wolfe's quartermaster at the storming of Quebec, and was appointed a major in the British army in 1772. In 1774 he was constituted Captain-general and Governor of Quebec or Canada. He successfully commanded the British at Quebec when attacked by Montgomery in 1775, compelled the Americans to raise the siege in 1776, and drove them out of the province. In October he recaptured Crown Point. He was unjustly superseded in military command by Burgoyne in 1777. He was appointed to succeed Sir Henry Clinton in 1782, and was in command of the British troops when they evacuated New York on the 25th of November, 1783. He died in England at the close of 1808, aged 83 years.

Sir Guy Carleton

Sir Guy Carleton, afterward Lord Dorchester, was Wolfe's quartermaster at the storming of Quebec, and…

View of Point Levi from Durham Terrace, Quebec. This sketch is taken from Durham Terrace, near the north wall of the Castle Garden. In the foreground are the tops of the houses below in Champlain, Notre Dame, and St. Peter's Streets, and in the distance, across the St. Lawrence, is seen Point Levi, with its pretty little village, its church and wharves. On the extreme left, in the distance, is the upper end of the island of Orleans, which divides the channel. The point seen is the place where Wolfe erected batteries.

Point Levi

View of Point Levi from Durham Terrace, Quebec. This sketch is taken from Durham Terrace, near the north…

Wolfe's Ravine. This scene is about half way up the ravine from Wolfe's Cove, looking down the road, which is a steep and winding way from the river to the summit of the Plains of Abraham. It is a cool, shaded nook- a delightful retreat from the din and dust of the city in summer.

Wolfe's Ravine

Wolfe's Ravine. This scene is about half way up the ravine from Wolfe's Cove, looking down the road,…

Wolfe's Monument. Since 1848, the remains of this monument have been removed, and a column forty feet high, surmounted by a bronze helmet and sword, has been erected. The monument is from the design of Sir James Alexander.

Wolfe's Monument

Wolfe's Monument. Since 1848, the remains of this monument have been removed, and a column forty feet…

St. John's Gate, outside.

St. John's Gate

St. John's Gate, outside.

Cape Diamond, this is a view of the spot where Montgomery was killed. The cliff is Cape Diamond, crowned with the citadel. The street at the foot of it is called Champlain, and is inhabited chiefly by a mixed population of French, Canadians, and Irish. It extends from Mountain Street south almost to Wolfe's Cove. This view is from Champlain Street, a few rods south of <em>Pres de Ville</em>, looking north. High upon the rocks Alfred Hawkins, Esq., of Quebec, has placed a board with this inscription: "Here Major-General Montgomery Fell, December 31st, 1775."

Cape Diamond

Cape Diamond, this is a view of the spot where Montgomery was killed. The cliff is Cape Diamond, crowned…

Place where Arnold was wounded. This view is in a narrow alley near the north end of <em>Sault au Matelot</em> Street, in the rear of St. Paul's Street. At the time in question St. Paul's Street did not exist, and the water, at high tide, came nearly up to the precipice. The first barrier and battery extended from the jutting rock seen in the picture, to the water. The present alley was then the beach. The circular wall on top of the rock is a part of the grand battery, one of the most formidable and commanding defenses in the world.

Arnold Wounded

Place where Arnold was wounded. This view is in a narrow alley near the north end of Sault au Matelot…

Palace Gate, outside. This is one of the most beautiful gates of the city, and opens toward the St. Charles, on the northern side of the town. A strong guard-house is seen at the left, pierced for muskets to defend the entrance. Immediately adjoining this gate are the artillery barracks. The gate is at the northern extremity of Palace Street, one of the broadest in the city, and "so named," says Hawkins, "from the circumstances that it led out to the Intendant's house, or palace, which stood on the beach of the St. Charles, where the queen's wool-yard now is."

Palace Gate

Palace Gate, outside. This is one of the most beautiful gates of the city, and opens toward the St.…

Richard Montgomery's Monument, states: "This monument is erected by order of Congress, 25th of January, 1776, to transmit to posterity a grateful remembrance of the patriotic conduct, enterprise, and preseverance of Major-general Richard Montgomery, who, after a series of success amid the most discouraging difficulties, fell in the attack on Quebec, 31st December, 1775, aged 37 yeras.

Richard Montgomery's Monument

Richard Montgomery's Monument, states: "This monument is erected by order of Congress, 25th of January,…

Palace Gate, inside. This sketch is a view from within Palace Street, looking out upon the open country beyond the St. Charles. The river, with a few masts, is seen just over the top of the gate. Adjoining the gate, on the right, is seen a portion of the guard-house.

Palace Gate

Palace Gate, inside. This sketch is a view from within Palace Street, looking out upon the open country…

Temperance cross.

Temperance Cross

Temperance cross.

Montmorenci Falls.

Montmorenci Falls

Montmorenci Falls.

Wolfe and Montcalm's monument.

Montcalm's Monument

Wolfe and Montcalm's monument.

The Cascades, on St. Ann's Rapids. These rapids are so called from the cirumstance that a village of the same name is near. This was considered by the Canadian voyageurs the place of departure when going from Montreal on fur-trading excursions, as here was the last church upon the island. This fact suggested to Moore the thoughts expressed in the first verse of his <em>Canadian Boat Song</em>.

Cascades

The Cascades, on St. Ann's Rapids. These rapids are so called from the cirumstance that a village of…

Cedars Rapids, at St. Timothy.

Cedars Rapids

Cedars Rapids, at St. Timothy.

Lumber raft on the St. Lawrence

lumber raft

Lumber raft on the St. Lawrence

Also known as the spotted or spruce grouse, the Canada grouse is found in the northerly latitudes of the North American contitent.

Canada Grouse

Also known as the spotted or spruce grouse, the Canada grouse is found in the northerly latitudes of…

A pair of American quails, esteemed as a game bird.

American Quails

A pair of American quails, esteemed as a game bird.

The Guinea-fowl (or pintado) was originally native to Africa, but was introduced to American poultry-yards.

Guinea Fowl

The Guinea-fowl (or pintado) was originally native to Africa, but was introduced to American poultry-yards.

Also known as the Carolina rail, soree rail, and the English rail, the common American rail is found in the temperate wetlands of the United States.

Common American Carolina Rail

Also known as the Carolina rail, soree rail, and the English rail, the common American rail is found…

Measuring approximately twenty-six inches in length, the American bittern is a nocturnal hunter. It can be found throughout North America.

American Bittern

Measuring approximately twenty-six inches in length, the American bittern is a nocturnal hunter. It…

The American flamingo stands about five feet tall, and is found throught tropical America, including some parts of Florida.

Flamingoes

The American flamingo stands about five feet tall, and is found throught tropical America, including…

The American widgeon (or baldpate) averages about nineteen inches in length. It is common in North America, and accidental in Europe.

American Widgeon

The American widgeon (or baldpate) averages about nineteen inches in length. It is common in North America,…

The American scaup duck is common in North America, accidental in Europe. It is also known as the creek broad-bill.

American Scaup Duck

The American scaup duck is common in North America, accidental in Europe. It is also known as the creek…

The American Elevated Railroad System diagram.

American Elevated Railroad System

The American Elevated Railroad System diagram.

Posessing a nearly perfectly hemispherical shell, the American box turtle ranges from Canada to Florida. It feeds on fruits, insects, edible mushrooms, and the like.

American box-tortoise

Posessing a nearly perfectly hemispherical shell, the American box turtle ranges from Canada to Florida.…

Cairn on the St. Lawrence. This is probably the only structure of the kind on the American continent. Cairn is a word of Celtic origin, used to denote the conical piles of stones frequently found upon the hills of Britain. These piles are supposed by some to have been erected as memorials of some local event, while others assign to them a sepulchral character. Some are supposed to be sacrificial, like the <em>carnedd</em> of the Welsh. They all have a smiliar appearance wherever found, being composed of loose stones piled in a conical form.

Cairn

Cairn on the St. Lawrence. This is probably the only structure of the kind on the American continent.…

Wind-mill Point. This view was sketched from the steam-boat, when a little below the wind-mill, looking west-north-west. The mill is a strong stone structure, and answered a very good purpose for a fort or block-house. Its narrow windows were used by the patriots as loop-holes for their muskets during the action.

Wind-Mill Point

Wind-mill Point. This view was sketched from the steam-boat, when a little below the wind-mill, looking…

Oswego in 1755. This view is looking north toward the lake. It is a reduced copy of the frontispiece to <em>Smith's History of New York</em>, first ediction, London, 1757, and represents the encampment of Shirley there at that time.

Oswego

Oswego in 1755. This view is looking north toward the lake. It is a reduced copy of the frontispiece…

Remains of "New Fort," at Oswego.

New Fort

Remains of "New Fort," at Oswego.

View of Oswego and the Fort in 1798. This view is from the west side of the river, near the site of the present United States Hotel.

Fort Oswego

View of Oswego and the Fort in 1798. This view is from the west side of the river, near the site of…

View of Oswego Harbor, 1848. This view is from the top of the United States Hotel, looking east-northeast. It was hastily sketched during the approach of a thunder-storm, and the "huge herald drops" came down just as I traced the distant water-line of the lake. The objects by the figure in the foreground are the balustrade and chimney of the hotel, now (1848) a summer boarding-house for strangers. The first height beyond the water on the right is the point on which stands Fort Oswego. The land in the far distance, on the same side, is Four-mile point, behind which Montcalm landed his forces. On the left is seen the light-house upon one of the stone piers, and beyond it spread out the waters of Lake Ontario.

Oswego Harbor

View of Oswego Harbor, 1848. This view is from the top of the United States Hotel, looking east-northeast.…