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"Wolf is the vernacular name of certain species of the genus Canis. The common wolf (C. lupus) has very much the appearance of a large, long-legged, bareboned dog, with a long tail, which hangs over its haunches instead of being curled upwards. Distinguishing characters are to be found in the lank body, length of the snout in proportion to the head, sloping forehead, oblique eyes, and erect ears. The fur varies according to the climate with respect both to its nature and color. A full-grown wolf measures 5 feet 5 inches in length, whereof 18 inches belong to the tail; its height is 33 inches, and its weight over 100 pounds. The wolf's natural voice is a loud howl, but when confined with dogs it will learn to bark."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Wolf

"Wolf is the vernacular name of certain species of the genus Canis. The common wolf (C. lupus) has very…

"The Wombat is a burrowing marsupial from Australia and Van Dieman's Land, and the islands of Bass' Strait. It is from two to three feet long, with a short tail; of clumsy form, with stout limbs and a blunt muzzle; coat thick, of long, coarse, brownish-gray, wooly hair; head large, flat, broad, with small eyes and ears; fore feet with five and hind feet with four digits; soles broad and naked. The dentition resembles that of the Rodentia, especially in the chisel-like incisors. The wombat is nocturnal in habits, a vegetable feeder, digging up roots with its claws. It is of small intelligence, but is gentle, and capable of domestication to a limited extent. It is hunted for its flesh, which is highly esteemed and is said to resemble pork."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hairy Nosed Wombat

"The Wombat is a burrowing marsupial from Australia and Van Dieman's Land, and the islands of Bass'…

"The Tubularidae are a family of hydroid polypes are for the most part social animals, frequently possessing a polypidom, which, however, when present, is of much less firm consistence than the horny framework of the Sertularidae. The polypes are never entirely retractable within their tubes; the upper extremity is enlarged into a clavate head, surrounded by a variable number of tentacles." — Goodrich, 1859

Tubularia coronata

"The Tubularidae are a family of hydroid polypes are for the most part social animals, frequently possessing…

A cow's head, in a frame of branches.

Head of Cow

A cow's head, in a frame of branches.

"The <em>spine</em> or backbone, serves as a support for the whole body. It is made up of a number of seperate bones called vertebrae, between which are placed elastic pads, or cushions, of cartilage." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Spinal column

"The spine or backbone, serves as a support for the whole body. It is made up of a number of…

"The <em>shoulder-blade</em> is a large, flat, three-sided bone, which is placed on the upper and back part of the chest. On the outer side it has a saucerlike cavity on which the rounded head of the arm bone rests." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Scapula

"The shoulder-blade is a large, flat, three-sided bone, which is placed on the upper and back…

"The <em>femur</em>, or thigh bone, the largest and heaviest bone in the body, reaches from the hip to the knee. It has a rounded head, which fits into the cuplike cavity in the hip bone which has already been mentioned." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Femur

"The femur, or thigh bone, the largest and heaviest bone in the body, reaches from the hip…

"Showing how the Bones of the Skull may be artificially deformed by "head-binding." From the photograph of a "triangular" skull found in an Indian grave in Ancon, Peru." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Deformed skull

"Showing how the Bones of the Skull may be artificially deformed by "head-binding." From the photograph…

"Tendons on the Back of the Left Hand" &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Tendons of the hand

"Tendons on the Back of the Left Hand" — Blaisedell, 1904

"Principal Muscles on the Left Side of the Neck." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Muscles of the neck

"Principal Muscles on the Left Side of the Neck." — Blaisedell, 1904

"Some of the Larger Muscles on the Back of the Shoulder and the Arm." — Blaisedell, 1904

Muscles of the Back and Shoulder

"Some of the Larger Muscles on the Back of the Shoulder and the Arm." — Blaisedell, 1904

"Some of the Larger Muscles on the back of the Thigh. Powerful tendons at the hip and on the back of the knee are well shown." — Blaisedell, 1904

Thigh Muscles

"Some of the Larger Muscles on the back of the Thigh. Powerful tendons at the hip and on the back of…

"One of the Deep Layers of Muscles of the Neck and the Back." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Muscles of the neck and back

"One of the Deep Layers of Muscles of the Neck and the Back." — Blaisedell, 1904

"The head is represented as having been thrown back, and the tongue drawn forward. <em>A</em>, <em>B</em> and <em>C</em>, cainine; <em>D, E</em> bicuspids; <em>F, H, K,</em> molars; <em>M</em> anterior pillar of the fauces; <em>N</em>, tonsil; <em>L</em> uvula; <em>O</em>, upper part of the pharynx; <em>P</em>, tongue drawn forward; <em>R</em> linear ridge, or raphe</em>." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Back view of the adult mouth

"The head is represented as having been thrown back, and the tongue drawn forward. A, B…

"Iguana is a genus of saurian reptiles, natives of Brazil, Cayenne, the Bahamas, and neighboring localities in the New World. It was formerly very common in Jamaica, but is now becoming gradually rarer. It has a lizard-like form, with a long tail, and an average length of about four feet, though it sometimes reaches a length of fully six feet. Its head is large and covered with large scales. The food of the Iguana consists almost entirely of fruits, fungi, and other vegetable substances, though it occasionally feeds on eggs, insects, and various animal substances. When domesticated it eats leaves and flowers. Along the whole length of the back to the tip of the tail there is a crest of elevated, compressed, pointed scales, while over the lower part of the head and neck there is a deep, thin dewlap or throat pouch, the border describing a curved line and dentilated at the part nearest the chin."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Iguana

"Iguana is a genus of saurian reptiles, natives of Brazil, Cayenne, the Bahamas, and neighboring localities…

"Jay is the popular name of a species of birds belonging to the crow family, of a vinous red color; the back pale gray; the rump and upper tail coverts white; the tail black or gray, with bluish-gray bars; the wing coverts light gray, in the median series light gray inclining to chestnut; the bastard wing or primary coverts barred with black or bright cobalt blue; headed with an erectile crest; forehead white, streaked with black. Length about 13 inches. It is a beautiful bird, but attacks peas and other garden crops, to which it is very destructive, especially in the vicinity of woods and forests, alnd also easts worms, larv&aelig;, and snails. It is often kept as a cage bird. The common blue jay is found over a large portion of North and South America. The green jay of the Unites States is well known."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Jay

"Jay is the popular name of a species of birds belonging to the crow family, of a vinous red color;…

"<em>R.A.</em>, right auricle; <em>L.A.</em>, left auricle; <em>R.V.</em>, right ventricle; <em>L.V.</em>, left ventricle; <em>P.A.</i., pulmonary artery; <em>A</em>, pulmonary artery and vein of right lung; <em>B</em>, pulmonary artery and vein of left lung; <em>C</em>, carotid artery to head, showing branch of left subclavian artery; <em>D</em>, portal vein; <em>F</em>, hepatic artery; <em>G</em>, superior vena cava, bringing blood from head and upper limbs to right auricle." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Diagram of the circulation of the blood

"R.A., right auricle; L.A., left auricle; R.V., right ventricle; L.V.,…

"Relative Postion of the Lungs, the Heart, and Some of the Great Vessels belonging to the latter. <em>A</em>, left common carotid artery; <em>B</em>, external carotid artery; <em>C</em>, internal carotid artery; <em>D</em>, left jugular vein; <em>E</em>, sterno-cleido muscle; <em>F</em>, right innominate artery with branches to head and arm; <em>G</em>, left subclavian artery; <em>H</em>, great azygos vein; <em>K</em>, thoracic duct." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Lungs

"Relative Postion of the Lungs, the Heart, and Some of the Great Vessels belonging to the latter. A,…

"<em>A</em>, section of cutaneous fold turned back to show root of nail; <em>B</em>, cutaneous fold covering root of nail; <em>C</em>, semilunar whitish portion; <em>D</em>, body of nail." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Nail in position

"A, section of cutaneous fold turned back to show root of nail; B, cutaneous fold…

"The spinal column below the twelfth dorsal vertebra at <em>A</em> has been removed, as well as the various layers of the great muscles of the back. The two kidneys with the renal arteries and veins are plainly shown, in their normal positions. The relative positions of adjacent vessels and organs with their names printed upon them are also shown. <em>B</em>, portion of the diaphragm on the left side; <em>C</em>, receptaculum chyli; <em>D</em>, a part of the small intestine on the left side." — Blaisedell, 1904

Vertical Section of the Back

"The spinal column below the twelfth dorsal vertebra at A has been removed, as well as the…

"The cranial nerves are thus arranged in pairs: 1, olfactory nerves, special nerves of smell; 2, optic nerves, passing to each eyeball, devoted to sight; 3, 4, and 6 control the muscles fo the eyes; 5, trifacial in three branches, which proceed mainly to the face, partly sensory and partly motor; 7, facial nerves, controlling the facial muscles; 8, auditory, or nerves of hearing; 9, glossopharyngeal nerves, partly sensory and partly motor: each nerve contains two roots, one a nerve of taste, the other a motor nerve, which controls the muscles engaged in swallowing; 10, pneumogastric nerves; 11, spinal accessory nerves, supplying some of the muscles of the neck and back; 12, hypoglossal nerves, controlling the movements of the tongue in speech and swallowing." — Blaisedell, 1904

Distribution of the Cranial Nerves

"The cranial nerves are thus arranged in pairs: 1, olfactory nerves, special nerves of smell; 2, optic…

"Dental Branch of One of the Divisions of the Fifth Pair of Cranial Nerves, supplying the Lower Teeth. Branches from the motor root, distributed to various muscles, are also shown." — Blaisedell, 1904

Cranial Nerves

"Dental Branch of One of the Divisions of the Fifth Pair of Cranial Nerves, supplying the Lower Teeth.…

"Showing some of the superficial nerves on the left side of the neck and the head. A few superficial muscles and arteries in the same region are also shown." — Blaisedell, 1904

Superficial Nerves of the Head

"Showing some of the superficial nerves on the left side of the neck and the head. A few superficial…

"Superficial, or Cutaneous, Nerves on the Back of the Left Forearm and Hand." — Blaisedell, 1904

Superficial Nerves of the Forearm and Hand

"Superficial, or Cutaneous, Nerves on the Back of the Left Forearm and Hand." — Blaisedell, 1904

"A Great Nerve (Posterior Tibial) on the Back of the Leg, with its Accompanying Artery of the Same Name." — Blaisedell, 1904

Great Nerve

"A Great Nerve (Posterior Tibial) on the Back of the Leg, with its Accompanying Artery of the Same Name."…

"The Lump Fish, or Sucker, is named from the clumsiness of its form. The back is arched and sharp, the belly flat, the body covered with numerous bony tubercles, the ventral fins modified into a sucker, by means of which it adheres with great force to any substance to which it applies itself. It frequents the N. seas."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lumpfish

"The Lump Fish, or Sucker, is named from the clumsiness of its form. The back is arched and sharp, the…

"Midas was, in Greek legend, a King of Phrygia. For his kindness to Silenus he was promised by Dionysus whatever he should ask, and in his folly he asked that everything he touched should become gold; but, as the very food he touched was at once changed into gold, he was soon fain to implore the god to take back his fatal gift. He was told to bathe in the sources of the Pactolus, and from that day to this its sands have yielded grains of gold. 600 B. C."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tomb of Midas

"Midas was, in Greek legend, a King of Phrygia. For his kindness to Silenus he was promised by Dionysus…

"Miter, or Mitre, is a form of head-dress worn by the inhabitants of Asia Minor; a head-band. In religion, the head-dress of a bishop. The episcopal miter was doubtless suggested by that of the Jewish high priest."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Miter

"Miter, or Mitre, is a form of head-dress worn by the inhabitants of Asia Minor; a head-band. In religion,…

"The Orang Outang is the Mias of the Dyaks; also known as the 'wild man of the wood.' It is a dull, slothful animal, but possessed of great strength. These animals are now confined to the swampy forests of Sumatra and Borneo. Their height has been variously stated, but we have not the least reliable evidence of the existence of orangs in Borneo more than four feet two inches high. The legs are very short, the arms are disproportionately long, reaching to the ankle when the animal is placed in an erect position. The males have a longish beard, and they sometimes develop warty protuberances on each side of the face. The resemblance to man in appearance is greatest in the females and in young animals. The head of a baby orang is not very different from that of an average child; but in the adult the muzzle is as well-marked a feature as in the Carnivora. It never walks erect, unless when supporting itself by branches."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Orang Outang

"The Orang Outang is the Mias of the Dyaks; also known as the 'wild man of the wood.' It is a dull,…

"Improvised Hand Seats: the Three-Handed Seat. THe usefull three-handed seat is made by one bearer grasping the free wrist of the other bearer and placing his free hand on his partner's shoulder, in order to support the patient's back." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Hand seat

"Improvised Hand Seats: the Three-Handed Seat. THe usefull three-handed seat is made by one bearer grasping…

"Palmistry, or Chiromancy, is the art which professes to discover the temperament and character of anyone, as well as the past and future events of his life, from an examination of the palm of his hand; and of the lines traced upon it. A, will; B, logic; C, mount of Venus; D, mount of Jupiter; E, mount of Saturn; F, mount of Apollo; G, mount of Mercury; H, mount of Mars; I, mount of the Moon; K, the rascette; <em>a,</em><em>a,</em> line of life; <em>b,</em><em>b,</em> line of the head; <em>c,</em><em>c,</em> line of heart; <em>d,</em><em>d,</em> line of Saturn or fate; <em>e,</em><em>e,</em> line of liver or health; <em>f,</em><em>f,</em> line of Apollo or fortune; <em>g,</em><em>g,</em> the girdle of Venus; R, the quadrangle; <em>m,</em><em>m,</em><em>m,</em> bracelets of life."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Palmistry

"Palmistry, or Chiromancy, is the art which professes to discover the temperament and character of anyone,…

"So long as Pericles stood at the head of Athens in time of peace, he governed it with moderation and maintained it in safety, and under him it rose to its highest power. And when the war broke out he proved that he had well calculated the resources of the State." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Pericles

"So long as Pericles stood at the head of Athens in time of peace, he governed it with moderation and…

"Pasiflora is the passion-flower. Generally climbing herbs or shrubs. Fruit succulent, seeds many. Found chiefly in tropical America. The three stigmas seemed to the devout Roman Catholics of South America to represent nails; one transfixing each hand, and one the feet of the crucified Saviour; the five anthers, His five wounds; the rays of the corona, His crown of thorns, or the halo of glory around His head; the digitate leaves, the hands of those who scourged Him; the tendrils, the scourge itself; while, finally, the 10 parts of the perianth were the 10 apostles&ndash; that is, the 12 wanting Judas who betrayed, and Peter who denied, his Lord."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Passion Flower

"Pasiflora is the passion-flower. Generally climbing herbs or shrubs. Fruit succulent, seeds many. Found…

"A needle, a pin. Pins were made not only of metal, but also of wood, bone, and ivory. They were used for the same purposes as with us, and also in dressing the hair. The mode of platting the hair, and then fastening it with a pin or needle, is shown in the annexed figure of the female head. This fashion has been continued to our own times by the females of Italy." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Acus

"A needle, a pin. Pins were made not only of metal, but also of wood, bone, and ivory. They were used…

"signifies, literally, a goat skin. According to ancient mythology, the aegis worn by Jupiter was the hide of the goat Amaltheia, which had suckled him in his infancy. Homer always represents it as part of the armour of Jupiter, whom on this account he distinguishes by the epithet aegis-bearing. He, however, asserts, that it was borrowed on different occasions, both by Apollo and Minerva. The aegis was connected with the shield of Jupiter, either serving as a covering over it, or as a belt by which it was suspended from the right shoulder. Homer accordingly uses the word to denote not only the goat-skin, which it properly signified, but also the shield to which it belonged. The aegis was aorned in a style corresponding to the might and majesty of the father of the gods. In the middle of it was fixed the appalling Gorgon's head, and its border was surrounded with golden tassels, each of which was worth a hecatomb. The aegis is usually seen on the statues of Minerva, in which it is a sort of scarf falling obliquely over the right shoulder, so as to pass round the body under the left arm. The serpents of the Gorgon's head are transferred to the border of the skin. The later poets and artists represent the aegis as breastplate covered with metal in the form of scales." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Aegis

"signifies, literally, a goat skin. According to ancient mythology, the aegis worn by Jupiter was the…

"The Pheasant is one of the most highly prized game birds. The adult male pheasant is a beautiful bird, about three feet long. Head and neck deep steel-blue, shot with greenish-purple and brown; eye surrounded by a patch of scarlet skin, speckled with blue-black; ear-coverts brown; back a light golden-red, the feathers of the upper part tipped with velvet-black, the lower part marked with brown. Quill feathers brown, of various shades, tail feathers oaken-brown, barred with a darker shade and with black. Breast and front of the abdomen golden-red with purple reflections, feathers edged with black; rest of abdomen and under tail-coverts blackish-brown. The female has yellowish-brown plumage, and is about two feet in length. Such is the common pheasant. There are several other species."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Pheasant

"The Pheasant is one of the most highly prized game birds. The adult male pheasant is a beautiful bird,…

"The Pintail Duck has the upper parts and flanks ash, with narrow stripes of black; under parts white; head umber-brown; tail pointed. It inhabits the N. of America and Europe."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Pintail Duck

"The Pintail Duck has the upper parts and flanks ash, with narrow stripes of black; under parts white;…

"The Polecat is one of the Mustelin&aelig;, akin to the marten, but with a broader head, a blunter snout, and a much shorter tail. It has a shorter neck and a stouter body than the weasel. Two glands near the root of the tail emit a highly offensive smell. It makes immense havoc in poultry yards, rabbit warrens, and among hares and partidges, killing everything which it can overpower."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Polecat

"The Polecat is one of the Mustelinæ, akin to the marten, but with a broader head, a blunter snout,…

"House construction consists mainly of concrete or brick, and sometimes of stone blocks, especially at the corners. Two-storied, sometimes three-storied houses are numerous, though the upper floors, built of wood, have been consumed by the eruption. Stores usually occupied the ground floors of dwelling-houses, on their street aspect, let out to merchants or dealers as at the present day, but not connected with the back part of the house. They could be separated from the street by large wooden doors, while inside they had tables covered with marble, in which earthen vessels for wine or oil were inserted. The storekeeper had sometimes a second room at the back, when he did not live on an upper floor or in another part of the town."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Pompeiian House

"House construction consists mainly of concrete or brick, and sometimes of stone blocks, especially…

"Amphyces, Frontlets. A frontal, a broad band or plate of metal, which ladies of rank wore above the forehead as part of the head-dress. The frontal of a horse was called by the same name. The annexed cut exhibits the frontal on the head of Pegasus, in conrast with the corresponding ornament as shown on the heads of two females." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Amphyx

"Amphyces, Frontlets. A frontal, a broad band or plate of metal, which ladies of rank wore above the…

"The Porcupine is a rodent quadruped. The North American porcupine is about two feet long, and of sluggish habits. The quills are short, and concealed among the fur, and the tail is short. The 'tree porcupine' of South America has a prehensile tail, about 10 inches long. The porcupine of Southern Europe and Africa is about 28 inches long, exclusive of the tail. The head, fore quarters, and under surface are clothed with short spines, intermixed with hairs, crest on head and neck, hind quarters covered with long sharp spines, ringed with black and white, and erectile at will. They are but loosely attached to the skin and readily fall out, a circumstance which probably gave rise to the belief that the animal was able to project them at an enemy."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Prehensile Tailed Porcupine

"The Porcupine is a rodent quadruped. The North American porcupine is about two feet long, and of sluggish…

"The Porcupine is a rodent quadruped. The North American porcupine is about two feet long, and of sluggish habits. The quills are short, and concealed among the fur, and the tail is short. The 'tree porcupine' of South America has a prehensile tail, about 10 inches long. The porcupine of Southern Europe and Africa is about 28 inches long, exclusive of the tail. The head, fore quarters, and under surface are clothed with short spines, intermixed with hairs, crest on head and neck, hind quarters covered with long sharp spines, ringed with black and white, and erectile at will. They are but loosely attached to the skin and readily fall out, a circumstance which probably gave rise to the belief that the animal was able to project them at an enemy."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hystrix Crystata Porcupine

"The Porcupine is a rodent quadruped. The North American porcupine is about two feet long, and of sluggish…

"The Quail is a small game bird; the Virginia species is common in North America, and so far south as Honduras. It is larger than the European quail, and is better eating. The California crested quail is another American species. THe quail, genus Coturnix, is widely distributed over the Eastern Hemisphere, visiting Europe in early summer and returning S. in the autumn, when immense numbers are caught and fattened for the market. Length about seven inches, general color reddish-brown, with buff streaks on the upper surface; throat rufous; head, dark brown above, striped with ocherous white, sides reddish-brown, lower parts pale buff, fading into white on belly. Color less bright in the hen bird, and the rufous tinge absent from the throat. They nest on the ground, laying from 9 to 15 pyriform, yellowish-white eggs, blotched with dark-brown. The males are polygamous and extremely pugnacious."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lophortyx Californicus Quail

"The Quail is a small game bird; the Virginia species is common in North America, and so far south as…

"A cap worn by the flamines and salii at Rome. The essential part of the apex, to which alone the name properly belonged, was a pointed piece of olive-wood, the base of which was surrounded with a lock of wool. This was worn on the top of the head, and was held there either by fillets only, or, as was more commonly the case, by the aid of a cap which fitted the head, and was also fastened by means of two strings or bands." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Apex

"A cap worn by the flamines and salii at Rome. The essential part of the apex, to which alone the name…

"The battering-ram, was used to batter down the walls of besieged cities. It consisted of a large beam, made of the trunk of a tree, especially of a fir or an ash. To one end was fastened a mass of bronze or iron, which resembled in its form the head of a ram. The upper figure in the annexed cut shows the aries in its simplest state, and as it was borne and impelled by human hands, without other assistance. In an improced form, the ram was surrounded with iron bands, to which rings were attached for the purpose of suspending it by ropes or chains from a beam fixed transversel over it. " &mdash; Smith, 1873

Aries

"The battering-ram, was used to batter down the walls of besieged cities. It consisted of a large beam,…

"The unit of value in the Roman and old Italian coinages, was made of copper, or of the mixed metal called Aes. It was originally of the weight of a pound of twelve ounces whence it was called as libralis and aes grave. The oldest form of the as is that which bears the figure of an animal. The next and most common form is that which has the two-faced head of Janus on one side, and the prow of a ship on the other (whence the expression sed by Roman boys in tossing up)" &mdash; Smith, 1873

As

"The unit of value in the Roman and old Italian coinages, was made of copper, or of the mixed metal…

"The unit of value in the Roman and old Italian coinages, was made of copper, or of the mixed metal called Aes. It was originally of the weight of a pound of twelve ounces whence it was called as libralis and aes grave. The oldest form of the as is that which bears the figure of an animal. The next and most common form is that which has the two-faced head of Janus on one side, and the prow of a ship on the other (whence the expression sed by Roman boys in tossing up)" &mdash; Smith, 1873

As

"The unit of value in the Roman and old Italian coinages, was made of copper, or of the mixed metal…

"The Sawfish is so called from the saw-like weapon into which the snout is produced. They are common in tropical and less so in subtropical seas, and attain a considerable size, specimens with a saw six feet long and a foot broad at the base being far from rare. Their offensive weapon renders them dangerous to almost all other large inhabitants of the ocean."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sawfish Head

"The Sawfish is so called from the saw-like weapon into which the snout is produced. They are common…

"The Seal, of the family Phocid&aelig;, or seal tribe, are, of all four-limbed mammiferous animals, those which display the most complete adaptation to residence in the water. The seal has considerable resemblance to a quadruped in some respects, and to a fish in others. The head is round, and the nose, which is broad, resembles that of a dog, with the same look of intelligence and mild and expressive physiognomy. It has large whiskers, oblong nostrils, and great black sparkling eyes. It has no external ears, but a valve exists in the orifices, which can be closed at will, so as to keep out the water; the nostrils have a similar valve; and the clothing of the body consists of stiff glossy hairs, very closely set against the skin. The body is elongated and conical, gradually tapering from the shoulders to the tail. The spine is provided with strong muscles, which bend it with considerable force; and this movement is of great assistance to the propulsion of the body."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hooded Seal

"The Seal, of the family Phocidæ, or seal tribe, are, of all four-limbed mammiferous animals,…

"The Shoveler is the broadbill or spoonbill duck, widely distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. Length about 20 inches; bill much widened on each side near tip, somewhat resembling that of the spoonbill; head and upper part of neck in adult male rich green, lower part white, back brown, breast and abdomen chestnut brown."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Shoveler Duck

"The Shoveler is the broadbill or spoonbill duck, widely distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. Length…

"Sphinx is a Greek word signifying 'strangler,' applied to certain symbolical forms of Egyptian origin, having the body of a lion, a human or an animal head, and two wings. Various other combinations of animal forms have been called by this name, though they are rather griffins or chim&aelig;ras. Human-headed sphinxes have been called andro-sphinxes; that with the head of a ram, a criosphinx; and that with a hawk's head, a hieracosphinx. The form when complete had the wings added at the sides; but these are of a later period and seem to have originated with the Babylonians or Assyrians. In Egypt the sphinx also occurs as the symbolical form of the monarch considered as a conqueror, the head of the reigning king being placed on a loin's body, the face bearded, and the usual head dress. Thus used, the sphinx was generally male; but in the case of female rulers that figure has a female head and the body of a lioness. The most remarkable sphinx is the Great Sphinx at Gizeh (Giza), a colossal form hewn out of the natural rock, and lying about a quarter of a mile S.E. of the Great Pyramid. It is sculptured out of a spur of the rock itself, to which masonry has been added in certain places to complete the shape, and it measures 172 feet 6 inches long by 56 feet high."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sphinx

"Sphinx is a Greek word signifying 'strangler,' applied to certain symbolical forms of Egyptian origin,…

"A scarf, denoted an article of the amictus, or outer raiment of the Greeks. It was for the most part woollen; and it differed from the himation or cloak, the usual amictus of the male sex, in being smaller, finer, and oblong instead of square, its length being generally about twice its breadth. The scarf does not appear to have been much worn by children. It was generally assumed on reaching adolescence, and was worn by the ephebi from about seventeen to twenty years of age. It was also worn by the military, especially of high rank, over their body armour, and by hunters and travellers, more particularly on horseback. The usual mode of wearing the scarf was to pass one of its shorter sides round the neck, and to fasten it by means of a brooch, either over the breast, in which case it hung down the back, or over the right shoulder, so as to cover the left arm. In the following cut it is worn again in another way." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Chlamys

"A scarf, denoted an article of the amictus, or outer raiment of the Greeks. It was for the most part…

"A crown, that is, a circular ornament of metal, leaves, or flowers, worn by the ancients round the head or neck, and used as a festive as well as funeral decoration, and as a reward of talent, military or naval prowess, and civil worth." &mdash; Smith, 1873 This image shows a Corona Civica.

Corona

"A crown, that is, a circular ornament of metal, leaves, or flowers, worn by the ancients round the…

"A crown, that is, a circular ornament of metal, leaves, or flowers, worn by the ancients round the head or neck, and used as a festive as well as funeral decoration, and as a reward of talent, military or naval prowess, and civil worth." &mdash; Smith, 1873 This image shows a Corona Triumphalis.

Corona

"A crown, that is, a circular ornament of metal, leaves, or flowers, worn by the ancients round the…

"A knife with only one edge, which formed a straight line. The blade was pointed, and its back curved. It was used for a variety of purposes, but chiefly for killing animals either in the slaughter house, or in hunting, or at the altars of the gods. The priest who conducted a sacrifice never killed the victim himself; but one of his ministri, appointed for that purpose who was called either by the general name minister, or the more specific popa or cltrarius. The annexed woodcut represents the tombstone of a cultrarius, with two cultri upon it." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Culter

"A knife with only one edge, which formed a straight line. The blade was pointed, and its back curved.…

"A sickle; a scythe; a pruning knife or pruning hook; a bill; a falchion; a halbert. As culter denoted a knife with one straight edge, falx signified any simpiliar instrument the single edge of which was curved. By additional epithets the various uses of the falx were indicted. Thus the sickle, because it was used by reapers, was called falx messoria; the scythe, which was employed in mowing hay, was called falx famaria. A rare coin published by Pellerin, shows the head of one of the Lagida, kings of Egypt, wearing the Diadema, and, on the reverse, a man cutting down corn with a sickle. The lower figure is taken from the MSS. of Columelia, and represents a falx vinitoria, or pruning knife of a vinedresser." &mdash; Smith, 1873.

Falx

"A sickle; a scythe; a pruning knife or pruning hook; a bill; a falchion; a halbert. As culter denoted…

"Sling the Monkey is a capital game, and can be played anywhere where there are trees. One player who is chosen by lot, takes the part of Monkey, and is fastened to a tolerably high branch of a tree by a strong cord knotted in a 'bowline' loop and passed round his waist. the other players now baste the monkey with knotted handkerchiefs, and he armed in like manner, endeavors to realiate. If he succeeds in striking one of them, he is at once released, and the other takes his place as monkey. He must make haste in doing it, or he may be basted until he is fairly in the loop. With players who don't mind a little buffeting this game becomes exceedingly lively: and active monkey is very different to approach with safety, and, of course, gives much more life to the game. The cord should be just long enough to enable the monkey to reach the ground comfortably under the branch. Half the fun of the game lies in actual slinging of the monkey, one of whose most effective ruses is to throw himself forward on the rope, preend to start off in one direction, and then come back with a swing in the other. The branch to which the cord is attached should be of some considerable height from the ground, or there will not be play enough in the rope; and it need scarcely be impressed upon the reader tha both rope and branch must be strong enough to bear the strain put upon them by the weight and movements of the monkey." &mdash; Thomas Sheppard Meek

Sling the Monkey

"Sling the Monkey is a capital game, and can be played anywhere where there are trees. One player who…

"This amusing game requires more care and delicacy of touch than at first seems to be the case. The apparatus of the game is very simple, consisting of a bull's head painted on a board, with a hook in its nose and another on each horn. In the top of the board is fixed a horizontal rod, to the end of which is suspended a ring by a piece of string. The players stand in succession in front of the bull, take the ring and try to fling it so that it shall be caught on the nook in the bull's nose. Each player has nine throws, and he who succeeds the greatest number of times wins the game. It is tolerably easy to throw the ring on the hook, but not easy to throw it so that it shall stay there, and the 'knack' of the game consists in throwing it with just sufficient force to reach the hook. In another modification of the game the string is lengthened to twelve or fifteen feet, and has a slip-noose at the end. The other end of the string is not fastened to the end of the horizontal rod, but held in the left hand, while with the right the player tries to throw the loop over the two hooks in the bull's horns. If he can catch them both he scores two, and if he catches only one of them, he scores one. Each player has six throws." &mdash; Thomas Sheppard Meek

Ring the Bull

"This amusing game requires more care and delicacy of touch than at first seems to be the case. The…

"Here is a new game, which is causing a great deal of amusement at social gatherings in Europe. Two boys, or young men, are blindfolded, and in the right hand of each is placed a stout roll of paper in the form of a club or cudgel. The players then have to lie down on the carpet and to grasp each other by the left hand. Thereupon the fun begins. One of the players asks the other, 'Are you there?' When the answer, 'Yes' comes he raises his right hand and strives to hit with his cudgel the spot where, from the sound of the voice, he supposes the other player's head to be. The other player, however, is at perfect liberty to move his head after he has answered 'Yes,' and the result is that in nine cases out of ten the blow misses his head and falls on his shoulders or some other part of his body. In that case it is his turn to retaliate, and so the game goes on indefinitely, the sole object of the player who asks the question being to strike the other player's head, and that of the player who answers to save his head from being struck."&mdash; Thomas Sheppard Meek

Cudgel Game

"Here is a new game, which is causing a great deal of amusement at social gatherings in Europe. Two…

"Head of Olympian Zeus (Jupiter)." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Head of Zeus

"Head of Olympian Zeus (Jupiter)." — Smith, 1882