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Some reliefs portray small façades of temples with capitals. This figure shows an affinity, although it be a remote one, with the Corinthian capital.

Capital in a Bas-Relief from Kuyunjik

Some reliefs portray small façades of temples with capitals. This figure shows an affinity, although…

Some reliefs portray small façades of temples with capitals. This figure brings out prominently the similarity of many details with Grecian art.

Capital in a Bas-Relief from Kuyunjik

Some reliefs portray small façades of temples with capitals. This figure brings out prominently…

Persepolis was the ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire during the Achaemenid dynasty. Persepolis is situated 70 km northeast of the modern city of Shiraz in the Fars Province of modern Iran. In contemporary Persian, the site is known as Takht-e Jamshid (Throne of Jamshid) and Parseh. To the ancient Persians, the city was known as Pārsa, meaning "The City of Persians".

Ruins of Persepolis

Persepolis was the ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire during the Achaemenid dynasty. Persepolis…

The columns in the ruins of Persepolis are circular and slender, and have capitals and bases. The capital generally consists of two half-horses or bulls, whose fore feet overlap the border of the shaft, and which are placed back to back.

Capital and Entablature from the Rock Tomb of Darius

The columns in the ruins of Persepolis are circular and slender, and have capitals and bases. The capital…

Other capitals are more compact, where from the lower part, which is in the shape of a globular vessel, rises a slender cup, supporting a lofty member with double volutes or scrolls on the four sides, which correspond with those of the Grecian Ionic capitals, but which are introduced not horizontally but perpendicularly. The base consists of fillets and a leaf-covered torus resting on a circular path.

Restored Capital from the Ruins of Persepolis

Other capitals are more compact, where from the lower part, which is in the shape of a globular vessel,…

Other capitals are more compact, where from the lower part, which is in the shape of a globular vessel, rises a slender cup, supporting a lofty member with double volutes or scrolls on the four sides, which correspond with those of the Grecian Ionic capitals, but which are introduced not horizontally but perpendicularly. The base consists of fillets and a leaf-covered torus resting on a circular path.

Capital from the Ruins of Persepolis

Other capitals are more compact, where from the lower part, which is in the shape of a globular vessel,…

Other capitals are more compact, where from the lower part, which is in the shape of a globular vessel, rises a slender cup, supporting a lofty member with double volutes or scrolls on the four sides, which correspond with those of the Grecian Ionic capitals, but which are introduced not horizontally but perpendicularly. The base consists of fillets and a leaf-covered torus resting on a circular path.

Volute of the Persian Column

Other capitals are more compact, where from the lower part, which is in the shape of a globular vessel,…

The Doric columns, which are short, powerful, and closely ranged together, in order to support the weight of the massive entablature, consist of the shaft and the capital, and rest immediately without base on the upper step, which serves as the ground-floor, or stereobate of the temple.

Doric Column from the Temple of Neptune at Paestum

The Doric columns, which are short, powerful, and closely ranged together, in order to support the weight…

In the capital the Doric echinus is replaced either by a cyma ornamented with leaves, or, more generally, by an ovolo with a pearl-beading beneath. Instead of the Doric abacus there occurs a cushion-like band in its place, whose ends wound in a spiral shape and coiled with elastic force, when viewed either from in front or behind, formed volutes, which on both sides considerably exceed the diameter of the column, and also surpass the architrave in breadth.

Ionic Capital from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Priene

In the capital the Doric echinus is replaced either by a cyma ornamented with leaves, or, more generally,…

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy line over the echinus. The intervals of the spiral coils are slightly hollowed, in order to bring them into more relief, and in this way the so-called channel is formed, which is continued in the horizontal portion which connects the volutes.

Side View of the Ionic Capital from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Priene

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy…

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy line over the echinus. The intervals of the spiral coils are slightly hollowed, in order to bring them into more relief, and in this way the so-called channel is formed, which is continued in the horizontal portion which connects the volutes.

Section of a Volute of an Ionic Capital

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy…

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy line over the echinus. The intervals of the spiral coils are slightly hollowed, in order to bring them into more relief, and in this way the so-called channel is formed, which is continued in the horizontal portion which connects the volutes.

Top View of the Ionic Capital from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Priene

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy…

In the capital the Doric echinus is replaced either by a cyma ornamented with leaves, or, more generally, by an ovolo with a pearl-beading beneath. Instead of the Doric abacus there occurs a cushion-like band in its place, whose ends wound in a spiral shape and coiled with elastic force, when viewed either from in front or behind, formed volutes, which on both sides considerably exceed the diameter of the column, and also surpass the architrave in breadth. This specific one differs from the normal shape.

Ionic Capital from the Temple of Apollo at Basse

In the capital the Doric echinus is replaced either by a cyma ornamented with leaves, or, more generally,…

The good effect of the Ionic capital is really only produced by the front-view. It seems calculated to be introduced between pillars and antæ, and not in a disconnected peristyle with with angle columns. In angle columns, however, the volutes are sometimes constructed in such a way that they meet at both sides diagonally.

Ionic Angle Column from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Athens, Front

The good effect of the Ionic capital is really only produced by the front-view. It seems calculated…

The good effect of the Ionic capital is really only produced by the front-view. It seems calculated to be introduced between pillars and antæ, and not in a disconnected peristyle with with angle columns. In angle columns, however, the volutes are sometimes constructed in such a way that they meet at both sides diagonally.

Ionic Angle Column from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Athens, Side

The good effect of the Ionic capital is really only produced by the front-view. It seems calculated…

The capital of the antæ and pilasters is without volutes, as is seen here. The shaft has no flutings; the base, on the other hand, is the same as in the columns, and is continued round the walls as a plinth.

Plan of Ionic Antæ Capital from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Athens

The capital of the antæ and pilasters is without volutes, as is seen here. The shaft has no flutings;…

The capital of the antæ and pilasters is without volutes, as is seen here. The shaft has no flutings; the base, on the other hand, is the same as in the columns, and is continued round the walls as a plinth.

Ionic Antæ Capital from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Athens

The capital of the antæ and pilasters is without volutes, as is seen here. The shaft has no flutings;…

The structural tendency which prevails in the capitals of all orders to change from the circular form of the shaft into the square is modified in the Ionic by the voluted nature of the capital, and in the Corinthian by representations of vegetable life.

Corinthian Capital

The structural tendency which prevails in the capitals of all orders to change from the circular form…

Egg-and-dart is an ornamental device often carved in wood, stone, or plaster quarter-round ovolo mouldings, consisting of an egg-shaped object alternating with an element shaped like an arrow, anchor or dart. Egg-and-dart enrichment of the ovolo molding of the Ionic capital is found in Ancient Greek architecture at the Erechtheion and was used by the Romans.

Egg-and-Dart

Egg-and-dart is an ornamental device often carved in wood, stone, or plaster quarter-round ovolo mouldings,…

The Roman Leaf design is shown as a capital of a column in Pantheon, Rome. The spoon-like roundings of the points of the leaves, as well as the deep incisions are designed to look good from a distance.

Roman Leaf

The Roman Leaf design is shown as a capital of a column in Pantheon, Rome. The spoon-like roundings…

The Roman Capital Leaf has rounder and broader tips.

Roman Capital Leaf

The Roman Capital Leaf has rounder and broader tips.

This Egyptian Lion is found in the Capital of Rome.

Egyptian Lion

This Egyptian Lion is found in the Capital of Rome.

The Pilaster Grotesque mask comes from a part of a capital pilaster of the tomb of Louis XII in St. Denis, France during the French Renaissance.

Pilaster Grotesque Mask

The Pilaster Grotesque mask comes from a part of a capital pilaster of the tomb of Louis XII in St.…

The Ancient Persian capital is a design of the fore-parts of bulls. It is an Old Persian style that is categorized under abnormal capitals.

Ancient Persian Capital

The Ancient Persian capital is a design of the fore-parts of bulls. It is an Old Persian style that…

The Doric capital is an Italian Renaissance design consisting of the abacus, which is square and the echinos, which is circular.

Doric Capital

The Doric capital is an Italian Renaissance design consisting of the abacus, which is square and the…

The Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with opened papyrus flowers. It is found in Kom-Ombo an agricultural town in Egypt.

Egyptian Capital

The Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with opened papyrus flowers. It is found…

The Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with opened papyrus flowers. It is found in Philae an island on the Nile river in Egypt.

Egyptian Capital

The Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with opened papyrus flowers. It is found…

This Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with cinctured bundles of papyrus stems.

Egyptian Capital

This Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with cinctured bundles of papyrus stems.

This Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with cinctured bundles of papyrus stems. It is found in Luxor, Egypt.

Egyptian Capital

This Egyptian capital is the upper termination of the column with cinctured bundles of papyrus stems.…

The Moorish capital is the upper termination design of a column found in the hall of two sisters Alhambra, Spain.

Moorish Capital

The Moorish capital is the upper termination design of a column found in the hall of two sisters Alhambra,…

The Moorish capital is the upper termination design of a column found in the hall of two sisters Alhambra, Spain.

Moorish Capital

The Moorish capital is the upper termination design of a column found in the hall of two sisters Alhambra,…

The Graeco-Doric capital is an antique design. It is found on the upper termination of a column.

Graeco-Doric Capital

The Graeco-Doric capital is an antique design. It is found on the upper termination of a column.

The Roman-Doric capital is an antique design. It is found on the upper termination of a column.

Roman-Doric Capital

The Roman-Doric capital is an antique design. It is found on the upper termination of a column.

This Graeco-Ionic capital is a scroll design with intervals of egg band and palmettes.

Graeco-Ionic Capital

This Graeco-Ionic capital is a scroll design with intervals of egg band and palmettes.

The Roman composite capital is a fusion of the ionic and corinthian capitals.

Roman Composite Capital

The Roman composite capital is a fusion of the ionic and corinthian capitals.

The ionic capital is a design of a scroll rolled on both sides with spiral curves. It is found in Bassae, Ancient Greece.

Ionic Capital

The ionic capital is a design of a scroll rolled on both sides with spiral curves. It is found in Bassae,…

The ionic capital is a design of a scroll rolled on both sides with spiral curves. It was found in Pompeii.

Ionic Capital

The ionic capital is a design of a scroll rolled on both sides with spiral curves. It was found in Pompeii.

The Roman-ionic capital is a design of a scroll rolled on both sides with spiral curves. It has an added neck that is decorated with a palmette ornament.

Roman-Ionic Capital

The Roman-ionic capital is a design of a scroll rolled on both sides with spiral curves. It has an added…

The Graeco-ionic capital is a design of a scroll rolled on both sides with spiral curves. It has an added neck that is decorated with a palmette ornament.

Graeco-Ionic Capital

The Graeco-ionic capital is a design of a scroll rolled on both sides with spiral curves. It has an…

The Ionic capital is a design of a scroll rolled on both sides with spiral curves.

Ionic, Capital

The Ionic capital is a design of a scroll rolled on both sides with spiral curves.

The antique Corinthian capital is a found in Melos, Greece. It is a design of a two rows of leaves that clothe the lower cylindrical part of the capital.

Antique Corinthian Capital

The antique Corinthian capital is a found in Melos, Greece. It is a design of a two rows of leaves that…

The Greek Corinthian capital is found in a monument in Lysikrates, Athens. It is a design of spiral curves that rise from the rows of leaves and unite in pairs. The center of each sides of the abacus is decorated with palmettes or rosettes.

Greek Corinthian Capital

The Greek Corinthian capital is found in a monument in Lysikrates, Athens. It is a design of spiral…

The Roman Corinthian capital is found in the palaces of the emperors in Rome. It is a design of spiral curves that rise from the rows of leaves and unite in pairs. The center of each sides of the abacus is decorated with palmettes or rosettes.

Roman Corinthian Capital

The Roman Corinthian capital is found in the palaces of the emperors in Rome. It is a design of spiral…

The Romanesque Cushion Capital is found in St. Gereon's church in Cologne, Germany. It is a design of a half sphere that is cut by planes below and on the four sides.

Romanesque Cushion Capital

The Romanesque Cushion Capital is found in St. Gereon's church in Cologne, Germany. It is a design of…

The Romanesque Coupled Capital looks like two capitals that are conjoined together.

Romanesque Coupled Capital

The Romanesque Coupled Capital looks like two capitals that are conjoined together.

This Romanesque capital is a simple design that is reminiscent of the Antique style.

Romanesque Capital

This Romanesque capital is a simple design that is reminiscent of the Antique style.

The Romanesque cushion capital is a design found in a monastery in Lippoldsberg, Germany. The design is a half sphere that is cut by planes below and on the four sides.

Romanesque Cushion Capital

The Romanesque cushion capital is a design found in a monastery in Lippoldsberg, Germany. The design…

The late Gothic capital has an abacus that is octagonal with projected leaves. This capital has an appearance of an inverted bell.

Late Gothic Capital

The late Gothic capital has an abacus that is octagonal with projected leaves. This capital has an appearance…

The late Gothic capital has an abacus that is octagonal with projected leaves. This capital has an appearance of an inverted bell.

Late Gothic Capital

The late Gothic capital has an abacus that is octagonal with projected leaves. This capital has an appearance…

This Romanesque Cushion Capital is found in the Abbey church in Germany. It is a design of a half sphere that is cut by planes below and on the four sides.

Romanesque Cushion Capital

This Romanesque Cushion Capital is found in the Abbey church in Germany. It is a design of a half sphere…

The byzantine capital is found in the St. Sophia in Turkey. This design is called a Trapeziform, a byzantine design that has a cylindrical shaft continued to the square abacus.

Byzantine Capital

The byzantine capital is found in the St. Sophia in Turkey. This design is called a Trapeziform, a byzantine…

The Romanesque Double-Cushion Capital is an 11th century design found in the Rosheim church in France. It is a design of a half sphere that is cut by planes below and on the four sides.

Romanesque Double-Cushion Capital

The Romanesque Double-Cushion Capital is an 11th century design found in the Rosheim church in France.…

The Romanesque Double-Cushion Capital is a design of a half sphere that is cut by planes below and on the four sides.

Romanesque Double-Cushion Capital

The Romanesque Double-Cushion Capital is a design of a half sphere that is cut by planes below and on…

The Romanesque Capital is from Freiburg.

Romanesque Capital

The Romanesque Capital is from Freiburg.

This Romanesque capital is found in cloisters of a church. It is a simpler design that is reminiscent of the Antique style.

Romanesque Capital

This Romanesque capital is found in cloisters of a church. It is a simpler design that is reminiscent…

This Romanesque capital is found in cloisters of a church. It is a simpler design that is reminiscent of the Antique style.

Romanesque Capital

This Romanesque capital is found in cloisters of a church. It is a simpler design that is reminiscent…

This Romanesque capital is found in cloisters of a church. It is a simpler design that is reminiscent of the Antique style.

Romanesque Capital

This Romanesque capital is found in cloisters of a church. It is a simpler design that is reminiscent…

The Greek Doric pilaster capital is found in the ancient Greek temple of Erechtheum in Athens. It has an egg-and-dart design that runs under the abacus. Directly beneath that is decorated with leaves and rosettes.

Greek Doric Pilaster Capital

The Greek Doric pilaster capital is found in the ancient Greek temple of Erechtheum in Athens. It has…

The Greek-ionic pilaster capital is more of an antique style that has spiral scroll like ornaments.

Greek-Ionic Pilaster Capital

The Greek-ionic pilaster capital is more of an antique style that has spiral scroll like ornaments.

The Greek-Corinthian pilaster capital has a palmette leaf design with spiral scroll like ornaments on each side.

Greek-Corinthian Pilaster Capital

The Greek-Corinthian pilaster capital has a palmette leaf design with spiral scroll like ornaments on…