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In most rock-temples a court, which is sometimes hewn out of the rock, or a covered vestibule forms the entrance, which opens into an entrance-hall, with smaller chamber beyond, in which pillars or columns are introduced according to the exigencies of the case.

Cross Section of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel

In most rock-temples a court, which is sometimes hewn out of the rock, or a covered vestibule forms…

This image shows how the middle passage is made more imposing by the arrangement of elevating the columns in the middle, and how at the same time a means is contrived of lighting the whole hall by the raised side-lights.

Hall Section of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel

This image shows how the middle passage is made more imposing by the arrangement of elevating the columns…

The Split Gill mushroom (Schizophyllum commune): "a, Schizophyllum alneum; b, gills, or lamellae, enlarged; c, cross-section of pileus showing split and revolute lamellae." -Whitney, 1911

Split Gill

The Split Gill mushroom (Schizophyllum commune): "a, Schizophyllum alneum; b, gills, or lamellae, enlarged;…

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy line over the echinus. The intervals of the spiral coils are slightly hollowed, in order to bring them into more relief, and in this way the so-called channel is formed, which is continued in the horizontal portion which connects the volutes.

Section of a Volute of an Ionic Capital

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy…

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy line over the echinus. The intervals of the spiral coils are slightly hollowed, in order to bring them into more relief, and in this way the so-called channel is formed, which is continued in the horizontal portion which connects the volutes.

Top View of the Ionic Capital from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Priene

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy…

The intersecting fret band is repetitive pattern that shows the patterns that cross each other.

Intersecting Fret Band

The intersecting fret band is repetitive pattern that shows the patterns that cross each other.

This modern French cross is made out of stone. It is the most important symbol of Christian art.

Modern French Cross

This modern French cross is made out of stone. It is the most important symbol of Christian art.

The modern cross is the most important symbol of Christian art.

Modern Cross

The modern cross is the most important symbol of Christian art.

This modern French cross is made with the monogram of Christ. It is found in a commune in France called Genouilleux.

Modern French Cross

This modern French cross is made with the monogram of Christ. It is found in a commune in France called…

The gable of Church Cross is found in St. Urban's, Unterlimburg, Germany. It is used as a finial on Gables (top of roof).

Gable of Church Cross

The gable of Church Cross is found in St. Urban's, Unterlimburg, Germany. It is used as a finial on…

This 11th century tomb cross is found in a churchyard.

Tomb Cross

This 11th century tomb cross is found in a churchyard.

This modern French cross is found in Paris, France. It is typically used as a finial on gables (top of roofs).

Modern French Cross

This modern French cross is found in Paris, France. It is typically used as a finial on gables (top…

This steeple cross is found in a commune in Paris, France.

Steeple Cross

This steeple cross is found in a commune in Paris, France.

This tomb cross is found in Montpellier, France. It is used as a finial (top) on the tomb.

Tomb Cross

This tomb cross is found in Montpellier, France. It is used as a finial (top) on the tomb.

The granite cross is found on a tomb. It is used as the finial (top) on the tomb.

Granite Cross

The granite cross is found on a tomb. It is used as the finial (top) on the tomb.

The medieval steeple cross is found in the historic region Franconia of northern Germany.

Medieval Steeple Cross

The medieval steeple cross is found in the historic region Franconia of northern Germany.

The medieval steeple cross is found in the historic region Franconia of northern Germany.

Medieval Steeple Cross

The medieval steeple cross is found in the historic region Franconia of northern Germany.

The medieval steeple cross is found in the historic region Franconia of northern Germany.

Medieval Steeple Cross

The medieval steeple cross is found in the historic region Franconia of northern Germany.

The modern steeple cross includes hammered foliage.

Modern Steeple Cross

The modern steeple cross includes hammered foliage.

The steeple cross includes hammered foliage.

Steeple Cross

The steeple cross includes hammered foliage.

The wrought-iron tomb cross was designed during the 18th century. Found in Thiengen, Germany, the center of the cross has a metal plate that contains an inscription.

Wrought-Iron Tomb Cross

The wrought-iron tomb cross was designed during the 18th century. Found in Thiengen, Germany, the center…

The wrought-iron tomb cross was designed during the 18th century. Found in Thiengen, Germany, the center of the cross has a metal plate that contains an inscription.

Wrought-Iron Tomb Cross

The wrought-iron tomb cross was designed during the 18th century. Found in Thiengen, Germany, the center…

The modern gothic finial is a three dimensional cross made out of stone. It serves to decorate Spires, Pinnacles and tombs.

Modern Gothic Finial

The modern gothic finial is a three dimensional cross made out of stone. It serves to decorate Spires,…

The early gothic finial is a three dimensional cross made out of stone. It serves to decorate Spires, Pinnacles and tombs.

Early Gothic Finial

The early gothic finial is a three dimensional cross made out of stone. It serves to decorate Spires,…

The french gothic finial is a three dimensional cross, made out of stone. It serves to decorate Spires, Pinnacles and tombs.

French Gothic Finial

The french gothic finial is a three dimensional cross, made out of stone. It serves to decorate Spires,…

This early gothic finial is a 13th century three dimensional cross. Made out of stone, it decorates the top of a cathedral found in Chatres, a town in north-central France.

Early Gothic Finial

This early gothic finial is a 13th century three dimensional cross. Made out of stone, it decorates…

The modern finial is three dimensional cross made of stone. It serves to decorate Spires, Pinnacles and tombs.

Modern Finial

The modern finial is three dimensional cross made of stone. It serves to decorate Spires, Pinnacles…

The modern finial is three dimensional cross made of stone. It serves to decorate Spires, Pinnacles and tombs.

Modern Finial

The modern finial is three dimensional cross made of stone. It serves to decorate Spires, Pinnacles…

The modern finial is three dimensional cross made of stone. It serves to decorate Spires, Pinnacles and tombs.

Modern Finial

The modern finial is three dimensional cross made of stone. It serves to decorate Spires, Pinnacles…

This wrought-iron bracket is a German Renaissance style. It is a bearer of a water-stoup, found on a sepulchral cross in a cemetery in Kirchzarten, Germany.

Wrought-Iron Bracket

This wrought-iron bracket is a German Renaissance style. It is a bearer of a water-stoup, found on a…

The Scandinavian square panel is a bas-relief design found on a Celtic stone cross. This panel is divided into eight equal spaces that are decorated with a repeated design.

Scandinavian Square Panel

The Scandinavian square panel is a bas-relief design found on a Celtic stone cross. This panel is divided…

This Celtic stone cross circular panel is found in St. Vigeans, Angus, Scotland.

Celtic Stone Cross Circular Panel

This Celtic stone cross circular panel is found in St. Vigeans, Angus, Scotland.

The Or Ordinary is cross in gules (red) color.

Or Ordinary

The Or Ordinary is cross in gules (red) color.

The Azure Ordinary is a cross engrailed in or.

Azure Ordinary

The Azure Ordinary is a cross engrailed in or.

An illustration of the median longitudinal section through anterior end of the sea lamprey. "a.v.o, Antrio-ventricular opening; br, Brain; br.o, Internal opening of gill sac; d.a, Dorsal aorta; d.c, Ductus cuvieri; h.v, Hepatic vein; i.j.v, Inferior jugular vein; N, Notochord; oes, Esophagus; olf, Olfactory organ; oc, Pericardium; p.c.v, Left posterior cardinal vein; pit, Pituitary tube; V, Ventricle; v, Velum." (Britannica, 1910)

Cross Section View of a Sea Lamprey

An illustration of the median longitudinal section through anterior end of the sea lamprey. "a.v.o,…

"Section and Interior View of the five-aisled Basilica of S. Pietro at Rome, before its restoration. Large basilicas sometimes have as many as five aisles — namely, a main-aisle in the middle, and two lower aisles on each side."

Old St. Peter's Basilica

"Section and Interior View of the five-aisled Basilica of S. Pietro at Rome, before its restoration.…

"1. Cross-section of the ovary (sphacelia), in the early stage of the fungus, showing the mycelium (a a a), conidophores (b b), and conidia (c c). 2. Ergot on its supporting grass. 3. Fully developed ergot (a), bearing the furrowed remains of the ovary (b). 4. Ergot which has produced 7 stromata. 5. Longitudinal medial section of a stroma, showing the numerous perithecia just beneath the surface. 6. Longitudinal medial section of a perithecium, showing the slender asci arising from the base. 7. An isolated ascus from which the filiform spores are escaping." -Whitney, 1911

Ergot

"1. Cross-section of the ovary (sphacelia), in the early stage of the fungus, showing the mycelium (a…

Ideal cross-section of the laccoliths of Mt. Holmes, after restoration.

Mt. Holmes

Ideal cross-section of the laccoliths of Mt. Holmes, after restoration.

Diagrammatic cross-section of a cut off basin, and the deposits formed in it after complete evaporation.

Cut-off Basin

Diagrammatic cross-section of a cut off basin, and the deposits formed in it after complete evaporation.

A cross sectional view of a bell.

Cross Section of a Bell

A cross sectional view of a bell.

Map of a desert area with yardangs, and cross sections of the same on a much larger scale. Yardangs are formed by wind erosion, typically of an originally flat surface formed from areas of harder and softer material. The soft material is eroded and removed by the wind, and the harder material remains.

Yardangs

Map of a desert area with yardangs, and cross sections of the same on a much larger scale. Yardangs…

An ornamental tile used as a doodad for decorating a page.

Decorative Tile

An ornamental tile used as a doodad for decorating a page.

"Files. a, cotter-file when large, and verge- or pivot-file when small; b, square file (parallel or taper); c, banking or watch-pinion file when parallel, and knife-file when tape; d, half-round, nicking, piercing, or round-off file; e, round, gulleting, or rat-tail file; f, triangular, three-square, or saw file; g, equaling, clock-pinion, or endless-screw file when parallel, and slitting, entering, warding, or barrel-hole file when tape; h, cross- or double-half-round file; i, screw-head, feather-edge, or slitting file." -Whitney, 1911

Types of Files

"Files. a, cotter-file when large, and verge- or pivot-file when small; b, square file (parallel or…

Cross-section of a dune near Ostend, Belgium showing Eolian cross-bedding.

Dune with Eolian Cross-bedding

Cross-section of a dune near Ostend, Belgium showing Eolian cross-bedding.

Cross-section of a dune near Ostend, Belgium showing Eolian cross-bedding.

Dune with Eolian Cross-bedding

Cross-section of a dune near Ostend, Belgium showing Eolian cross-bedding.

Cross-bedding in Sylvania sandstone.

Sandstone with Cross-bedding

Cross-bedding in Sylvania sandstone.

Cross-bedding of the Eolian type in the Orange sand or La Fayette Formation, Mississippi Central Railroad, Oxford, Mississippi.

Eolian Cross-bedding

Cross-bedding of the Eolian type in the Orange sand or La Fayette Formation, Mississippi Central Railroad,…

Eolian type of cross-bedding in ancient limestones, formed of uniform lime-sand grains south of St. Louis.

Eolian Cross-bedding

Eolian type of cross-bedding in ancient limestones, formed of uniform lime-sand grains south of St.…

Eolian type of cross-bedding in ancient limestones, formed of uniform lime-sand grains south of St. Louis.

Eolian Cross-bedding

Eolian type of cross-bedding in ancient limestones, formed of uniform lime-sand grains south of St.…

Different forms of Cross Fitchy Gules (a red tinctured Cross of St. James).

Cross Fitchy Gules

Different forms of Cross Fitchy Gules (a red tinctured Cross of St. James).

Cross-section of the Michigan Basin based on well sections. Owing to the exaggeration of the vertical scale, the folds appear more prominent than they are in reality.

Michigan Basin

Cross-section of the Michigan Basin based on well sections. Owing to the exaggeration of the vertical…

Cross-sections of shallow basins, separated a) by a simple anticline, b) by two anticlines and a syncline.

Shallow Basins

Cross-sections of shallow basins, separated a) by a simple anticline, b) by two anticlines and a syncline.

North-south cross-section of the St. Gothard Massif, Switzerland, showing the fan-folds.

St. Gothard Massif, Switzerland

North-south cross-section of the St. Gothard Massif, Switzerland, showing the fan-folds.

Cross-section of a part of the West Alps, south of Lake Geneva, mainly in France.

West Alps, South of Lake Geneva

Cross-section of a part of the West Alps, south of Lake Geneva, mainly in France.

Cross-section of the Caucasus along the Grusinian military road. Dark beds are lava streams.

Caucasus

Cross-section of the Caucasus along the Grusinian military road. Dark beds are lava streams.

A series of diagrams showing the development of the Chief Mountain thrust. The older rocks from which the mountains are cut are represented by cross-lines, the younger rocks of the plains in white.

The Chief Mountain Thrust of Montana

A series of diagrams showing the development of the Chief Mountain thrust. The older rocks from which…

Cross-section of the Black Hills dome, showing the present structure and topography and the former continuation of the beds.

Black Hills Dome

Cross-section of the Black Hills dome, showing the present structure and topography and the former continuation…

Cross-section of the Michigan Basin showing the rimming cuestas which are largely submerged.

Michigan Basin

Cross-section of the Michigan Basin showing the rimming cuestas which are largely submerged.

"In heraldry, forked; having the extremities divided into two: said of any bearing, especially of a cross." -Whitney, 1911

Cross Fourché

"In heraldry, forked; having the extremities divided into two: said of any bearing, especially of a…

"Nautical, on men-of-war, a pair of strong frames of oak made in the form of a gallows, fixed between the fore and main hatchways, with concave cross-beams called gallows-tops tenoned on to the uprights, to support spare topmasts, yards, booms, boats, etc." -Whitney, 1911

Gallows-Bitts

"Nautical, on men-of-war, a pair of strong frames of oak made in the form of a gallows, fixed between…