ClipArt ETC
"Helix. A, an empty shell in section from apex to base...a, apex of shell; ap., aperture of shell; c, columella or axis of shell; l, lip of shell; s, suture, between whorls." -Galloway, 1915

Helix Shell

"Helix. A, an empty shell in section from apex to base...a, apex of shell; ap., aperture of shell; c,…

"Connate.--Situated opposite each other, and joined at the base." -Newman, 1850

Connatum

"Connate.--Situated opposite each other, and joined at the base." -Newman, 1850

"Stipulae.--Two small leaves, placed usually at the base of the floral leaf, and on opposite sides of the branch." -Newman, 1850

Stipule

"Stipulae.--Two small leaves, placed usually at the base of the floral leaf, and on opposite sides of…

Opposite of ovate, egg-shaped and narrow at the base.

Obovate Leaf

Opposite of ovate, egg-shaped and narrow at the base.

An egg-shaped leaf, wide at the base.

Ovate Leaf

An egg-shaped leaf, wide at the base.

"Longitudinal section of an onion leaf. sca, thickened base of leaf, forming a bulb-scale; s, thin sheath of leaf; bl, blade of leaf; int, hollow interior of blade." -Bergen, 1896

Onion Leaf

"Longitudinal section of an onion leaf. sca, thickened base of leaf, forming a bulb-scale; s, thin sheath…

"A, Shapes of bases of leaves; B, Peltate leaf of Tropaeolum. 1, heart-shaped; 2, arrow-shaped; 3, halberd-shaped." -Bergen, 1896

Leaf Bases

"A, Shapes of bases of leaves; B, Peltate leaf of Tropaeolum. 1, heart-shaped; 2, arrow-shaped; 3, halberd-shaped."…

"Diagram of inflorescence of a grass. g, sterile glumes; P1, a flowering glume; P2, a scaly bract (palea); e, transparent scales (lodicules) at the base of the flower; B, the flower." -Bergen, 1896

Grass Inflorescence

"Diagram of inflorescence of a grass. g, sterile glumes; P1, a flowering glume; P2, a scaly bract (palea);…

"Inflorescence, flower, and seed, of a sedge. (Great Bulrush, Scirpus lacustris.) A, magnified flower, surrounded by perianth of hypogynous bristles; B, the seed; C, section of the seed, showing the small embryo enclosed in the base of the endosperm." -Bergen, 1896

Sedge

"Inflorescence, flower, and seed, of a sedge. (Great Bulrush, Scirpus lacustris.) A, magnified flower,…

A visual representation of cubing. "In the diagrams, Figure 1 represents 40 cubed and has a content of 64,000 cubic units; Figure 2 represents 3(40 squared x 8) and the contents of these three blocks are 38,400 cubic units; Figure 3 represents 3(40 x 8 squared) and the contents of these blocks are 7,680 cubic units; Figure 4 represents 8 cubed or 512 cubic units." -Foster, 1921

Cubing

A visual representation of cubing. "In the diagrams, Figure 1 represents 40 cubed and has a content…

"Explanation of the cylinder. a, altitude; c, circumference of base, or perimeter; d, diameter; s, lateral surface." -Foster, 1921

Cylinder Parts

"Explanation of the cylinder. a, altitude; c, circumference of base, or perimeter; d, diameter; s, lateral…

"The Falcon is a famous bird of prey. It is characterized by a bill curved from the base."

The Falcon

"The Falcon is a famous bird of prey. It is characterized by a bill curved from the base."

" In Rockbridge County, Virginia, is to be found one of the greatest curiosities in the United States, a natural bridge. This bridge consists of a stupendous arch of limestone rock, over a chasm fifty feet wide dat its base and ninety feet at the top."- Lupton

Natural Bridge in Virginia

" In Rockbridge County, Virginia, is to be found one of the greatest curiosities in the United States,…

An illustration showing the intersection of a plane and a cone. The cone is intersected by a plane parallel to the base, forming a circle.

Conic Section Showing A Circle

An illustration showing the intersection of a plane and a cone. The cone is intersected by a plane parallel…

An illustration showing the intersection of a plane and a cone. The cone is intersected by a plane neither parallel to nor perpendicular to the base, nor parallel to a side. Thus forming an ellipse.

Conic Section Showing An Ellipse

An illustration showing the intersection of a plane and a cone. The cone is intersected by a plane neither…

An illustration showing the construction used to erect a parallelogram given two sides and an angle. "Draw the base line DE, and make the angle FDE = C; lines DE = B and DF = A; complete the parallelogram by cross arcs at G, and the problem is thus solved."

Construction Of A Parallelogram

An illustration showing the construction used to erect a parallelogram given two sides and an angle.…

An illustration showing that the area of a regular polygon is equal to the area of a triangle whose base is equal to the sum of all the sides, and the height a equal to the appotem of the polygon. "The reason of this is that the area of two or more triangles ABC and ADC having a common or equal base b and equal height h are alike."

Area Of Regular Polygon Proof

An illustration showing that the area of a regular polygon is equal to the area of a triangle whose…

"The Lungs. 1, Summit of lungs. 2, Base of lungs. 3, Trachea. 4, Right bronchus. 5, Left bronchus. 6, Left aurical of heart. 7, Left superior pulmonary vein. 8, Right superior pulmonary vein. 9, Left ventricle of heart. 10, Right ventricle of heart." -Foster, 1921

Lungs

"The Lungs. 1, Summit of lungs. 2, Base of lungs. 3, Trachea. 4, Right bronchus. 5, Left bronchus. 6,…

An illustration showing how to construct a cycloid. "The circumference C=3.14D. Divide the rolling circle and base line C into a number of equal parts, draw through the division point the ordinates and abscissas, make aa' = 1d, bb' = 2'e, cc = 3f, then ab' and c' are points in the cycloid. In the Epicycloid and Hypocycloid the abscissas are circles and the ordinates are radii to one common center."

Construction Of A Cycloid

An illustration showing how to construct a cycloid. "The circumference C=3.14D. Divide the rolling circle…

A boy doing math homework with help from his father and a meter stick. His mother helps his younger sister with her homework, using alphabet blocks.

Homework

A boy doing math homework with help from his father and a meter stick. His mother helps his younger…

"The triangle ABC is divided into 2 right triangles I and II. ABC is seen to be equal to 1/2 of the rectangle ABNO." -Foster, 1921

Area of Triangle

"The triangle ABC is divided into 2 right triangles I and II. ABC is seen to be equal to 1/2 of the…

"The child sees triangle ACB = triangle ADB, and that I + II = CA - DB; and so he sees that the area of triangle=1/2 area of rectangle whose base and altitude are the same as those of the triangles." -Foster, 1921

Area of Triangle

"The child sees triangle ACB = triangle ADB, and that I + II = CA - DB; and so he sees that the area…

"Fig. 3 shows triangle I = triangle II, III = IV, and so triangle ABC = 1/2 of rectangle ABDE. The fact is realized that the area of a triangle equals 1/2 the product of the base and altitude." -Foster, 1921

Area of Triangle

"Fig. 3 shows triangle I = triangle II, III = IV, and so triangle ABC = 1/2 of rectangle ABDE. The fact…

"From Figure 4 he sees a parallelogram equal to a rectangle of the same base and altitude. Cut out and paste in rectangle form." -Foster, 1921

Area of Parallelogram

"From Figure 4 he sees a parallelogram equal to a rectangle of the same base and altitude. Cut out and…

"The student sees the trapezoid is equal in area to a rectangle whose base is the average base of the trapezoid, and whose altitude is the same as that of the trapezoid." -Foster, 1921

Area of Trapezoid

"The student sees the trapezoid is equal in area to a rectangle whose base is the average base of the…

"The student sees the trapezoid is equal in area to a rectangle whose base is the average base of the trapezoid, and whose altitude is the same as that of the trapezoid." -Foster, 1921

Area of Trapezoid

"The student sees the trapezoid is equal in area to a rectangle whose base is the average base of the…

A baseball player ready at bat.

Baseball Player

A baseball player ready at bat.

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressively increasing tilting of orographic blocks." -Walcott, 1901

Outcrop Diagram

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressively increasing tilting of…

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressively increasing throw of orgaraphic blocks." -Walcott, 1901

Outcrop Diagram

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressively increasing throw of orgaraphic…

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressive decrease in width of orographic blocks." -Walcott, 1901

Outcrop Diagram

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressive decrease in width of orographic…

"Diagram to illustrate the inferred structure in the vicinity of the "Triangle." Arkose conglomerate is represented by lines and ellipses, anterior basalt by the black areas, anterior shale by parallel lines, and main basalt by cross-hachure areas. The finer hachuring (and hence the deeper shade) corresponds to the higher blocks of the basalt." -Walcott, 1901

Basalt Diagram

"Diagram to illustrate the inferred structure in the vicinity of the "Triangle." Arkose conglomerate…

The base of the skull viewed from above. Three Fossae are recognized -the Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Fossae of the Skull.

Base of the Skull

The base of the skull viewed from above. Three Fossae are recognized -the Anterior, Middle, and Posterior…

A side view of the cartilages of the larynx. Labels: *, The front side of the thyroid cartilage. 1, The os hyoides (bone at the base of the tongue). 2, The ligament that connects the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage. 3, 4, 5, The thyroid cartilage. 6, The cricoid cartilage. 7, The trachea.

A Side View of the Cartilages of the Larynx

A side view of the cartilages of the larynx. Labels: *, The front side of the thyroid cartilage. 1,…

The base of brain of a horse. Labels: l, Cerebrum. 2, Ganglion of sight. 3, Cerebellum. 4, Medulla Oblongata and Spinal Cord.

Base of Brain of a Horse

The base of brain of a horse. Labels: l, Cerebrum. 2, Ganglion of sight. 3, Cerebellum. 4, Medulla Oblongata…

In the Radiata, the starfish manifests one of the simplest forms of nervous systems. it consists of a central mass, with five arms radiating from it. In the center is the mouth, and beneath it the stomach or gastric cavity, which sends branches to each limb. The nervous system consists of five similar ganglions situated in the central portion at the base of the arms. These ganglions are connected and each sends off nerve-filaments to corresponding limbs.

Diagram of a Radiata

In the Radiata, the starfish manifests one of the simplest forms of nervous systems. it consists of…

"Unit orographic blocks in granite, near the knife works, Hotchkissville. a Area over downthrown block." -Walcott, 1901

Orographic Blocks

"Unit orographic blocks in granite, near the knife works, Hotchkissville. a Area over downthrown block."…

The matrix of hyaline cartilage has a dimly granular appearance like that of ground glass, and in man and higher mammals has no apparent structure. In some cartilages of the frog, however, even when examined in the fresh state, is is seem to be mapped out in polygonal blocks or cell-territories, each containing a cell in the center, and representing what is generally called the capsule of the cartilage cells. Shown is the fresh cartilage from a Triton.

Hyaline Cartilage Cells

The matrix of hyaline cartilage has a dimly granular appearance like that of ground glass, and in man…

The papillar surface of the tongue, with the fauces and tonsils. Labels: 1, circumvallate papillae, in front of 2, the foramen caecum; 3, fungiform papillae; 4, filiform and conical papillae; 5, transverse and oblique rugae; 6, mucous glands at the base of the tongue and in the fauces; 7, tonsils; 8, part of the epiglottis; 9, median glosso-epiglottidean fold (fraenum epiglottidis).

Tongue

The papillar surface of the tongue, with the fauces and tonsils. Labels: 1, circumvallate papillae,…

The fungiform papillae are scattered chiefly over the sides and tip, and sparingly over the middle of the dorsum, of the tongue; their name is derived from their being usually narrower at their base than at their summit. Shown in the surface section of the fungiform papillae. A, the surface of a fungiform papilla, partially denuded of its epithelium; p, secondary papillae; e, epithelium. B, section of a fungiform papilla with the blood vessels injected; a, artery; v, vein; c, capillary loops of similar papillae in the neighboring structure of the tongue; d, capillary loops of the secondary papillae; e, epithelium.

Fungiform Papillae

The fungiform papillae are scattered chiefly over the sides and tip, and sparingly over the middle of…

Taste goblet from dog's epiglottis (laryngeal surface near the base) , precisely similar in structure to those found in the tongue. Labels: a, depression in epithelium over goblet; below the letter are seen the fine hair-like processes in which the cells terminate; c, two nuclei of the axial (gustatory) cells. The more superficial nuclei belong to the superficial (encasing) cells; the converging lines indicate the fusiform shape of the encasing cells.

Taste Goblet from Dog's Epiglottis

Taste goblet from dog's epiglottis (laryngeal surface near the base) , precisely similar in structure…

Three laryngoscopic view of the superior aperture of the larynx and surrounding parts. Labels: A, the glottis during the emission of a high note in singing; B, in easy and quite inhalation of air; C, in the state of widest possible dilation, as in inhaling a very deep breath. The diagrams A', B', and C', show in horizontal sections of the glottis in position of the vocal ligaments and arytenoid cartilages in the three several states represented in the other figures. In all the figures, so far as marked, the letters indicate the parts as follows, viz. : l, the base of the tongue; e, the upper free part of the epiglottis; e', the tubercle or cushion of the epiglottis; p h, part of the anterior all of the pharynx behind the larynx; in the margin of the aryteno-epiglottisdean fold w, the swelling of the membrane caused by the cartilages of Wrisberg; s. that of the cartilages of Santorini: a, the tip or summit of the arytenoid cartilages; c v, the true vocal cords r lips of the rima glottidis; c v s, the superior or false vocal cords; between them the ventricle of the larynx; in C, tr, is placed on the anterior wall of the receding trachea, and b indicated the commencement of the two bronchi beyond the bifurcation which may be brought into view in this state of extreme dilation.

Movement of the Vocal Cords

Three laryngoscopic view of the superior aperture of the larynx and surrounding parts. Labels: A, the…

View of the upper part of the larynx as seen by means of the laryngoscope during the utterance of a grave note. Labels: c, epiglottis; s, tubercles of the cartilages of Santorini; a, arytenoid cartilages; z, base of the tongue; ph, the posterior wall of the pharynx.

Upper Part of the Larynx

View of the upper part of the larynx as seen by means of the laryngoscope during the utterance of a…

The five layers of the cortical gray matter of the cerebrum. 1, Superficial layer with abundance of neuroglia and few small multipolar ganglion cells. 2, A thin layer of a large number of closely packed small ganglion cells of pyramidal shape. 3, The most important layer, and the thickest of all: it contains many large pyramidal ganglion cells, each with a process running off from the apex vertically towards the free surface, and lateral processes at the base which are always branched. 4, Numerous ganglion cells come are large and others small, forming the granular formation of Meynert. 5, Spindle-shaped and branched ganglion cells of moderate size arranged chiefly parallel to the free surface.

Cortical Gray Matter of the Cerebrum

The five layers of the cortical gray matter of the cerebrum. 1, Superficial layer with abundance of…

The Gothic lectern of the 15th century had a base made out of wood and the slope was made out of wrought-iron. The eagle and ball was made out of gilt and the dragon was painted green.

Gothic Lectern

The Gothic lectern of the 15th century had a base made out of wood and the slope was made out of wrought-iron.…

The stapes on stirrup-bone. 1, base; 2 and 3, arch; 4, head of bone, which articulates with orbicular process of the incus; 5, constricted part of the neck; 6, one of the crura.

Stapes on Stirrup-Bone

The stapes on stirrup-bone. 1, base; 2 and 3, arch; 4, head of bone, which articulates with orbicular…

Vertical section of the organ of Corti from the dog. Labels: 1 to 2, homogeneous layer of the so-called membrana basilaris; u, vestibular layer; v, tympana layer, with nuclei and protoplasm; a, prolongation of tympanal periosteum of lamina spiralis ossea; c, thickened commencement of the membrana basilaris near the point of perforation of the nerves h; d, blood-vessel ( vas spirale) ; e, blood-vessel; f, nerves; g, the epithelium of the sulcus spiralis internus; i, internal or tufted cell, with basil process k, surrounded with nuclei and protoplasm (of the glanular layer), into which the nerve-fibers radiate; l, hairs of the internal hair-cell ; n, base or foot of inner pillar of organ of Corti, whose under half is missing, while the next pillar beyond, o, presents both middle portion and base; r s d, three external hair-cells; t, bases of two neighboring hair or tufted cells; x, so-called supporting cell of Hensen; W, nerve-fiber terminating in the first of the external hair cells.

Corti from the Dog

Vertical section of the organ of Corti from the dog. Labels: 1 to 2, homogeneous layer of the so-called…

Diagram showing the sustentacular fibers of the retina fiber basket above the external lumbar membrane; m, nucleus of the fiber; r, base of the fiber.

Sustentacular Fibers of the Retina Fiber Basket

Diagram showing the sustentacular fibers of the retina fiber basket above the external lumbar membrane;…

Dissection of the base of the bladder and prostate gland, showing the vesiculae seminales and vasa deferentia. Labels: a, lower surface of the bladder at the place of the reflexion of the peritoneum; b, the part above covered by the peritoneum; i, left vas deferens, ending in e, the ejaculatory duct; the vas deferens had been divided near i, and all except the vesical portion has been taken away; s, left vesicula seminalis joining the same duct; s, the right vas deferens and right vesicula seminalis, which has been unraveled; p, under side of the prostate gland; m, part of the urethra; u, the ureters (cut short), the right one turned aside.

Bladder and Prostate Gland

Dissection of the base of the bladder and prostate gland, showing the vesiculae seminales and vasa deferentia.…

"Regeneration at the leaf-base of potato leaves (Solanum tuberosum). a, roots formed; b, tuber-like enlargement; c, same as b, with roots; d, formation of true tuber." -Gager, 1916

Potato Root Stages

"Regeneration at the leaf-base of potato leaves (Solanum tuberosum). a, roots formed; b, tuber-like…

"Flower of a buttercup (Ranunculus sp.); a, b, normal, showing 5 petals; c, d, petalody of stamens; e, petal with nectary at its base; f-h ripened ovaries." -Gager, 1916

Buttercup Flowers

"Flower of a buttercup (Ranunculus sp.); a, b, normal, showing 5 petals; c, d, petalody of stamens;…

"Cycadeoidea Wielandi. Longitudinal section through the axis of a female inflorescence, or cone. l, old leaf-base; d, insertion of disc; s, erect seed, borne at summit of seed-pedicle inserted on convex receptacle; b, hair covered bract." -Gager, 1916

Cycadeoid

"Cycadeoidea Wielandi. Longitudinal section through the axis of a female inflorescence, or cone. l,…

Labeled shapes showing various measures of form.

Measures of Form

Labeled shapes showing various measures of form.

"From the head, backward to the tail, the body feathers increase in strength and size, also alter in form; those on the face, or around the base of the bill, being the smallest, the tail coverts longest."

Neck-Covert

"From the head, backward to the tail, the body feathers increase in strength and size, also alter in…

"From the head, backward to the tail, the body feathers increase in strength and size, also alter in form; those on the face, or around the base of the bill, being the smallest, the tail coverts longest."

Tail-Covert

"From the head, backward to the tail, the body feathers increase in strength and size, also alter in…

A cylindrical helix is a curve generated by a point moving uniformly around a cylinder and uniformly lengthwise of the cylinder at the some time. The hypotenuse of a right triangle will form one turn of a helix if it is wrapped around a cylinder. The base of the triangle is equal to the circumference of the cylinder and the altitude is the pitch of the helix.

Helix

A cylindrical helix is a curve generated by a point moving uniformly around a cylinder and uniformly…

Side view of a fetal skull. The coronal suture extends from the top of the head downwards on either side to the point E; the lambdoidal suture from the back forward, on either side to the point F. The sagittal suture is not shown, but is indicated by the upper margin of the illustration, beginning at the base of the nose, passing backward across the coronal suture (anterior fontanelle), and ending at the lambdoidal suture (posterior fontanelle).

Side View of Fetal Skull

Side view of a fetal skull. The coronal suture extends from the top of the head downwards on either…

Base of skull.

Base of Skull

Base of skull.

Base of skull from within.

Base of Skull from Within

Base of skull from within.

"Make the little vases of large punk rosebuds; those begining to unfold are the best. Peel off the outside petals, and grasping each bud in turn near its base with the thumb and first two fingers gently work it back and forth until it is loosened and can be removed entire without damage. Stand each base on a level surface and gather spears of grass on to place in them." -Beard, 1906

Rosebud vase

"Make the little vases of large punk rosebuds; those begining to unfold are the best. Peel off the outside…

Section of the head immediately below the orbits, at the level of Reid's base line exposing the maxillary sinus.

Cross Section of Head Exposing Maxillary Sinus

Section of the head immediately below the orbits, at the level of Reid's base line exposing the maxillary…