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Joints of the right hand, from the back of the hand.

Joints of the Hand

Joints of the right hand, from the back of the hand.

Metacarpal bones and first phalanges of the second to the fifth of the right hand, with ligaments, from the volar surface.

Bones of the Hand

Metacarpal bones and first phalanges of the second to the fifth of the right hand, with ligaments, from…

Metacarpal bones and first phalanges of the third finger of the right hand, with ligaments, from the radial side.

Metacarpal and Phalanges of Finger

Metacarpal bones and first phalanges of the third finger of the right hand, with ligaments, from the…

An older man sitting upon a rock sleeping with a fishing pole in his hand.

Man asleep fishing

An older man sitting upon a rock sleeping with a fishing pole in his hand.

An illustration of a man sitting in a coal mine shaft with a shovel in hand.

Miner

An illustration of a man sitting in a coal mine shaft with a shovel in hand.

An illustration of a adult female farm hand transporting grain on her head.

Farm hand

An illustration of a adult female farm hand transporting grain on her head.

An African American adult male standing in tall grasses holding a fish on one hand and his hat in another.

Fisherman

An African American adult male standing in tall grasses holding a fish on one hand and his hat in another.

An illustration of an African American slave who works as a field hand.

Field Hand

An illustration of an African American slave who works as a field hand.

An illustration of an African American slave who is employed as a field hand, notice the basket balancing on his head.

Field Hand

An illustration of an African American slave who is employed as a field hand, notice the basket balancing…

The tendons attached to the right index finger.

Tendon Attached to the Finger

The tendons attached to the right index finger.

Muscles of the hand.

Muscles of the Hand

Muscles of the hand.

Lymphatic vessels of the dorsal surface of the hand.

Lymphatic Vessels of the Hand

Lymphatic vessels of the dorsal surface of the hand.

The bones of the hand.

Bones of the Hand

The bones of the hand.

Muscles of the back of the hand and arm with their tendons.

Muscles and Tendons of the Arm

Muscles of the back of the hand and arm with their tendons.

An illustration of an elderly man holding his cane in one hand and his hat in the other.

Man with Cane

An illustration of an elderly man holding his cane in one hand and his hat in the other.

The right scaphoid bone.

Scaphoid Bone

The right scaphoid bone.

The right semilunar bone.

Semilunar Bone

The right semilunar bone.

The right cuneiform bone.

Cuneiform Bone

The right cuneiform bone.

The right pisiform bone.

Pisiform Bone

The right pisiform bone.

The right trapezium bone.

Trapezium Bone

The right trapezium bone.

The right trapezoid bone.

Trapezoid Bone

The right trapezoid bone.

The right magnum bone.

Magnum Bone

The right magnum bone.

The right unciform bone.

Unciform Bone

The right unciform bone.

First right metacarpal bone.

First Metacarpal Bone

First right metacarpal bone.

Second metacarpal bone.

Second Metacarpal Bone

Second metacarpal bone.

Third metacarpal bone.

Third Metacarpal Bone

Third metacarpal bone.

Fourth metacarpal bone.

Fourth Metacarpal Bone

Fourth metacarpal bone.

Fifth metacarpal bone.

Fifth Metacarpal Bone

Fifth metacarpal bone.

Alfred the Great (c. 849 – 26 October 899) was king of the southern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is noted for his defense of the kingdom against the Danish Vikings, becoming the only English King to be awarded the epithet "the Great". Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself "King of the Anglo-Saxons".

Alfred the Great

Alfred the Great (c. 849 – 26 October 899) was king of the southern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex…

William II (c. 1056 – 2 August 1100), the third son of William I of England (William the Conqueror), was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers also over Normandy, and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. William is commonly known as 'William Rufus', perhaps because of his red-faced appearance. Although William was an effective soldier, he was a ruthless ruler and, it seems, was little liked by those he governed: according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was 'hated by almost all his people.'

William Rufus

William II (c. 1056 – 2 August 1100), the third son of William I of England (William the Conqueror),…

Henry I (c. 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror, the first King of England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. He succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, to become Duke of Normandy in 1106. He was called Beauclerc for his scholarly interests and Lion of Justice for refinements which he brought about in the rudimentary administrative and legislative machinery of the time.

Henry the First

Henry I (c. 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror, the first…

Henry II of England (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as King of England (1154–1189). Henry was the first of the House of Plantagenet to rule England and was the great-grandson of William the Conqueror. Like his grandfather, Henry I of England, Henry II had an outstanding knowledge of the law. A talented linguist and excellent Latin speaker, he would sit on councils in person whenever possible. His interest in the economy was reflected in his own frugal lifestyle. He dressed casually except when tradition dictated otherwise and ate a sparing diet.

Henry II

Henry II of England (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as King of England (1154–1189). Henry…

Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He was known as Richard the Lionheart, or Cœur de Lion, even before his accession, because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, effectively leading the campaign after the departure of Philip Augustus, and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin.

Richard I

Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death.…

John (24 December 1167 – 19 October 1216) reigned as King of England from 6 April 1199, until his death. John acquired the nicknames of "Lackland" for his lack of an inheritance as the youngest son and for his loss of territory to France, and of "Soft-sword" for his alleged military ineptitude. As a historical figure, John is best known for acquiescing to the nobility and signing Magna Carta, a document that limited his power and that is popularly regarded as an early first step in the evolution of modern democracy.

King John

John (24 December 1167 – 19 October 1216) reigned as King of England from 6 April 1199, until…

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. Despite his long reign, his personal accomplishments were slim and he was a political and military failure. England, however, prospered during his century and his greatest monument is Westminster, which he made the seat of his government and where he expanded the abbey as a shrine to Edward the Confessor.

Henry III

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as…

Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265), was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to King Henry III of England. After the rebellion of 1263-1264, de Montfort became de facto ruler of England and called the first directly-elected parliament in medieval Europe. Because of this, de Montfort is today regarded as one of the progenitors of modern parliamentary democracy.

Simon de Montfort

Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265), was the principal leader of…

Edward II, (April 25, 1284 – September 21, 1327?) of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. His tendency to ignore his nobility in favour of low-born favourites led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition. Edward is perhaps best remembered for his supposed murder and his alleged homosexuality as well as being the first monarch to establish colleges in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge; he founded Cambridge's King's Hall in 1317 and gave Oxford's Oriel College its royal charter in 1326. Both colleges received the favour of Edward's son, Edward III, who confirmed Oriel's charter in 1327 and refounded King's Hall in 1337.

Edward II

Edward II, (April 25, 1284 – September 21, 1327?) of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307…

An illustration of two hands about to touch with the top of the hand facing outward.

Fruit Basket

An illustration of two hands about to touch with the top of the hand facing outward.

Richard II (6 January 1367 – ca. 14 February 1400) was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard, a son of Edward, the Black Prince, was born in 1367, during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III. Richard became second in line to the throne when his older brother Edward of Angoulême died, and heir apparent when his father died in 1376. With Edward III's death the following year, Richard succeeded to the throne at the age of ten.

Richard II

Richard II (6 January 1367 – ca. 14 February 1400) was King of England from 1377 until he was…

Edward VI (12 October 1537 - 6 July 1553) became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first Protestant ruler. During Edward’s reign, the realm was governed by a Regency Council, because he never reached maturity. The Council was led from 1547 to 1549 by his uncle Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, and from 1550 to 1553 by John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick, who in 1551 became 1st Duke of Northumberland.

Edward VI of England and Ireland

Edward VI (12 October 1537 - 6 July 1553) became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and…

Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death. He was the last king from the House of York, and his defeat at the Battle of Bosworth marked the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. After the death of his brother King Edward IV, Richard briefly governed as regent for Edward's son King Edward V with the title of Lord Protector, but he placed Edward and his brother Richard in the Tower and seized the throne for himself, being crowned on 6 July 1483.

Richard III of England

Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death. He…

Henry VII (January 28, 1457 – April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485 – April 21, 1509), born Henry Tudor (Welsh Harri Tudur), was the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty.

Henry VII of England

Henry VII (January 28, 1457 – April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485…

Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11, 1475 – December 1, 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. He was the last non-priest to be elected Pope. He is known primarily for the sale of indulgences to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica and his challenging of Martin Luther's 95 theses. He was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici, the most famous ruler of the Florentine Republic, and Clarice Orsini. His cousin, Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, would later succeed him as Pope Clement VII (1523–34).

Pope Leo X

Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11, 1475 – December 1, 1521) was Pope from 1513…

Pope Julius II (5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. His reign was marked by an aggressive foreign policy, ambitious building projects, and patronage for the arts.

Pope Julius II

Pope Julius II (5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from…

Pope Paul III (February 29, 1468 – November 10, 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1534 to his death in 1549. He also called the Council of Trent in 1545. Born in Canino, Latium (then part of the Papal States), Farnese was the oldest son of Pier Luigi Farnese, Signore di Montalto (1435-1487) and wife Giovanna Caetani, descended from the Caetani family, which had also produced Pope Boniface VIII. He was one of the few Popes to have fathered children before his election, by Silvia Ruffini, one of whom, Pier Luigi, he created Duke of Parma. The others were Ranuccio Farnese and Costanza Farnese.

Pope Paul III

Pope Paul III (February 29, 1468 – November 10, 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the…

Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. During Edward's reign, the realm was governed by a Regency Council, because he never reached maturity. Edward's reign was marked by economic problems, military withdrawal from Scotland and Boulogne, and social unrest that in 1549 erupted into riot and rebellion. It also saw the transformation of the Anglican Church into a recognizably Protestant body. On Edward's death at the age of 15, the succession was disputed. Jane survived as queen for only nine days, before the Privy Council proclaimed Mary, for whom the people had risen in support in the counties.

Edward VI of England

Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547…

King Edward's School is an independent secondary school in Birmingham, England, founded by King Edward VI in 1552. It is part of the Foundation of the Schools of King Edward VI in Birmingham and is widely regarded as one of the most academically successful schools in the country according to various league tables. It was ranked 10th for A-Level results and 40th for GCSE results out of all schools in England in 2004.

Edward VI's School at Birmingham

King Edward's School is an independent secondary school in Birmingham, England, founded by King Edward…

An illustration of a man with his right hand in jacket.

Man with Hand in Coat

An illustration of a man with his right hand in jacket.

Lady Jane Grey (1536~1537 – 12 February 1554), also referred to as Queen Jane, a great-niece of Henry VIII of England, was a claimant to the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland. Her claimed rule of nine days in July 1553 is the shortest rule of England in its history.

Lady Jane Dudley

Lady Jane Grey (1536~1537 – 12 February 1554), also referred to as Queen Jane, a great-niece of Henry…

Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death. The fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, she is remembered for restoring England to Roman Catholicism after succeeding her short-lived half brother, Edward VI, to the English throne. In the process, she had almost 300 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian Persecutions, earning her the sobriquet of Bloody Mary. Her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her successor and half-sister, Elizabeth I.

Queen Mary Tudor

Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19…

Pope Sixtus V (December 13, 1521 – August 27, 1590), born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope from 1585 to 1590. The subsequent administrative system of the Church owed much to Sixtus V. He limited the College of Cardinals to seventy; and doubled the number of the congregations, and enlarged their functions, assigning to them the principal role in the transaction of business (1588). He regarded the Jesuits with disfavour and suspicion. He meditated radical changes in their constitution, but death prevented the execution of his purpose. In 1589 was begun a revision of the Vulgate, the so-called Editio Sixtina.

Pope Sixtus V

Pope Sixtus V (December 13, 1521 – August 27, 1590), born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope…

He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother Mary, Queen of Scots. Regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1581. On 24 March 1603, as James I, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, Elizabeth I, who died without issue. He then ruled England, Scotland and Ireland for 22 years, often using the title King of Great Britain, until his death at the age of 58.

James the First

He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother…

The muscles of the back of the arm, forearm, and hand.

Back View of Arm Muscles

The muscles of the back of the arm, forearm, and hand.

The superficial dissection of the palm of the hand.

Palm of the Hand

The superficial dissection of the palm of the hand.

The muscles and tendons in the palm of the hand.

Hand Muscles

The muscles and tendons in the palm of the hand.

The muscles and nerves on the front of the forearm and hand. The pronator radii teres, flexor carpi radialis, and palmaris longus have been removed.

Muscles and Nerves of the Forearm

The muscles and nerves on the front of the forearm and hand. The pronator radii teres, flexor carpi…

The tendons attached to the index finger.

Finger Tendons

The tendons attached to the index finger.

The deep muscles of the front of the forearm and hand.

Deep Muscles of the Front Forearm

The deep muscles of the front of the forearm and hand.

Short muscles of the hand.

Short Muscles of the Hand

Short muscles of the hand.

The palmar interosseous muscles of the hand. Labels: P1, first; P2, second; and P3, third palmar interosseous muscles.

Palmar Interosseous Muscles of the Hand

The palmar interosseous muscles of the hand. Labels: P1, first; P2, second; and P3, third palmar interosseous…