An illustration of a half page border with Native American influences.

Half Page Border

An illustration of a half page border with Native American influences.

An illustration of a half page border with Native American influences.

Half Page Border

An illustration of a half page border with Native American influences.

"Files. a, cotter-file when large, and verge- or pivot-file when small; b, square file (parallel or taper); c, banking or watch-pinion file when parallel, and knife-file when tape; d, half-round, nicking, piercing, or round-off file; e, round, gulleting, or rat-tail file; f, triangular, three-square, or saw file; g, equaling, clock-pinion, or endless-screw file when parallel, and slitting, entering, warding, or barrel-hole file when tape; h, cross- or double-half-round file; i, screw-head, feather-edge, or slitting file." -Whitney, 1911

Types of Files

"Files. a, cotter-file when large, and verge- or pivot-file when small; b, square file (parallel or…

An illustration of a glass half full.

Half Full Glass

An illustration of a glass half full.

Hotel De Ville was constructed about 1370 in the second half of the fourteenth century. Frescos at one time decorated it façade, some traces still visible in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The hotel is also referred to as the town hall, and is of Gothic architecture. In front of the Town Hall can be seen the beautiful fountain known as the Fischkasten (fish-tank) designed by Jörg Syrlin the Elder, 1482.

Hotel De Ville

Hotel De Ville was constructed about 1370 in the second half of the fourteenth century. Frescos at one…

"Cygnus bewicki, Buck's Swan, is white with black feet and bill, the basal half of the latter being yellow, while that colour extends further on the sides. ... where the yellow on the bill does not reach the nostrils, inhabits the Arctic districts from the White Sea to the Pacific, wandering in the winter to Britain, the Mediterranean, South Siberia, China, and Japan." A. H. Evans, 1900

Bewick's Swan

"Cygnus bewicki, Buck's Swan, is white with black feet and bill, the basal half of the latter being…

"Ichthyornis victor and I. dispar, ...were small forms of about the size of a Partridge, with the habits and appearance, it is presumed, of Terns or Gulls. The head was extremely large in proportion to the remainder of the skeleton; the beak was long and pointed, with entirely separate rami to the mandible; the sharp teeth, fixed regularly in distinct sockets, were inclined backwards, and occupied the whole of the lower and at least the posterior half of the upper jaw; the keel of the sternum was large and broad; the dorsal and cervico-dorsal vertebrae were biconcave. the quadrate articulated to the skull by one knob,... the metatarsus was short and the whole foot small; a furcula was probably present; the wings were well developed, indicating great powers of flight; while the tail was comparatively short, and ended in a pygostyle." A. H. Evans, 1900

Skeleton Head of a Ichthyornis

"Ichthyornis victor and I. dispar, ...were small forms of about the size of a Partridge, with the habits…

"A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, which stripped him of his raiment, and wounded him, and departed, leaving him half dead. And by chance there came down a certain priest that way: and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. And likewise a Levite, when he was at the place, came and looked on him, and passed by on the other side. But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was: and when he saw him, he had compassion on him, And went to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine, and set him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him." Luke 10:30-34 KJV

The Priest and Levite Passing by the Wounded Man

"A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, which stripped him of his…

Illustration of a the bottom half of a regular dodecahedron. A regular dodecahedron is a polyhedron with twelve equal pentagonal faces.

Bottom Half of a Regular Dodecahedron

Illustration of a the bottom half of a regular dodecahedron. A regular dodecahedron is a polyhedron…

Diagram used to prove the theorem: "The volume of a spherical segment is equal to the sum of two cylinders and a sphere, the altitudes of the cylinders being one half the altitude of the segment, and their bases the upper and lower bases of the segment, respectively, and the diameter of the sphere being the altitude of the segment."

Volume of Spherical Segment

Diagram used to prove the theorem: "The volume of a spherical segment is equal to the sum of two cylinders…

"Argent, a pallet, gules. The pale has a diminutive called the pallet, which is one half the width of the pale." -Hall, 1862

Pallet Ordinary

"Argent, a pallet, gules. The pale has a diminutive called the pallet, which is one half the width of…

Argent, a scarpe, purpure. The scarpe is the diminutive of the bend sinister, and is half its size. -Hall, 1862

Bend Sinister

Argent, a scarpe, purpure. The scarpe is the diminutive of the bend sinister, and is half its size.…

Argent, two closets, azure. The closet is a diminutive of the bar, and is half its width. -Hall, 1862

Shield Showing Bar

Argent, two closets, azure. The closet is a diminutive of the bar, and is half its width. -Hall, 1862

Gules, two barrulets, argent. The barrulet is half the width of the closet. -Hall, 1862

Shield Showing Closet

Gules, two barrulets, argent. The barrulet is half the width of the closet. -Hall, 1862

Argent, two chevronels, gules. The diminutives of the chevron, according to English Heraldry, are the chevronel, which is half the breadth of the chevron. -Hall, 1862

Shield Showing Chevron

Argent, two chevronels, gules. The diminutives of the chevron, according to English Heraldry, are the…

Gules, three couple-closes interlaced in base, or ... the couple-close ... is half the chevronel. -Hall, 1862

Shield Showing Chevronels

Gules, three couple-closes interlaced in base, or ... the couple-close ... is half the chevronel. -Hall,…

Couch Grass (Triticum repens) is also referred to as Quitch Grass, Twitch Grass, Dog Grass, and Chandler Grass. Couch Grass has extensively creeping roots. A smooth, erect, round stem growing from one to two and a half feet high having five or six flat leaves with smooth, striated sheaths. The joints are smooth, the two uppermost are very remote. The leaves are dark green an acute. The upper ones are broader than the lower ones, rougher, sometimes hairy on the inner surface, smooth on the lower half. Inflorescence in spikes and flowers in June and July.

Couch Grass

Couch Grass (Triticum repens) is also referred to as Quitch Grass, Twitch Grass, Dog Grass, and Chandler…

Couch Grass (Triticum repens) is also referred to as Quitch Grass, Twitch Grass, Dog Grass, and Chandler Grass. Couch Grass has extensively creeping roots. A smooth, erect, round stem growing from one to two and a half feet high having five or six flat leaves with smooth, striated sheaths. The joints are smooth, the two uppermost are very remote. The leaves are dark green an acute. The upper ones are broader than the lower ones, rougher, sometimes hairy on the inner surface, smooth on the lower half. Inflorescence in spikes and flowers in June and July. A magnified spikelet is shown.

Couch Grass

Couch Grass (Triticum repens) is also referred to as Quitch Grass, Twitch Grass, Dog Grass, and Chandler…

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral flowers are neutral with one palea, hairy on the outside, and awned on the back. The glumes are thin, acute, keeled, the upper twice as long as the lower. The seed is ovate and adhearing to the palea which encloses it. The stem is from one and a half to two feet high. The root is perennial and flowers in May and June. This is one of the earliest spring grasses and one of the latest in autumn, and is almost the only grass that is fragrant.

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral…

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral flowers are neutral with one palea, hairy on the outside, and awned on the back. The glumes are thin, acute, keeled, the upper twice as long as the lower. The seed is ovate and adhearing to the palea which encloses it. The stem is from one and a half to two feet high. The root is perennial and flowers in May and June. This is one of the earliest spring grasses and one of the latest in autumn, and is almost the only grass that is fragrant. A flower is seen here.

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral…

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral flowers are neutral with one palea, hairy on the outside, and awned on the back. The glumes are thin, acute, keeled, the upper twice as long as the lower. The seed is ovate and adhearing to the palea which encloses it. The stem is from one and a half to two feet high. The root is perennial and flowers in May and June. This is one of the earliest spring grasses and one of the latest in autumn, and is almost the only grass that is fragrant.  A flower is seen here.

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral…

Capital divided the Dollar in front of Labourer.

Inflation Is As Easy As Lying

Capital divided the Dollar in front of Labourer.

The dangers of the silver dollar become apparent when it falls upon Murat Halstead as Colonel Watterson cools the brow of Halstead.

Silver Dollar Dangers

The dangers of the silver dollar become apparent when it falls upon Murat Halstead as Colonel Watterson…

Passage of the bland Silver Bill as Columbia abuses Uncle Sam for his doubtful financial policy.

Silver Bill Passage

Passage of the bland Silver Bill as Columbia abuses Uncle Sam for his doubtful financial policy.

The rag baby swallows the silver dollar and is reviving.

Rag Baby Swallows Silver Dollar

The rag baby swallows the silver dollar and is reviving.

"Or, a double tressure, gules. The tressure is a border at some distance from the edge of the field, half the breadth of an orle: the tressure may be double or treble." -Hall, 1862

Tressure Ordinary

"Or, a double tressure, gules. The tressure is a border at some distance from the edge of the field,…

"Gules, two barrulets argent. BARRULET. The smallest diminutive of the bar. The closet is half the bar; the barrulet half the closet." -Hall, 1862

Barrulet Ordinary

"Gules, two barrulets argent. BARRULET. The smallest diminutive of the bar. The closet is half the bar;…

"Argent, two chevronels gules. CHEVRONEL. The diminutive of the chevron, being one half its size." -Hall, 1862

Chevronels

"Argent, two chevronels gules. CHEVRONEL. The diminutive of the chevron, being one half its size." -Hall,…

"Or, two closets azure. CLOSET. A diminutive of the bar, being only one half its width." -Hall, 1862

Closets

"Or, two closets azure. CLOSET. A diminutive of the bar, being only one half its width." -Hall, 1862

"Argent, three couple-closes interlaced vert. COUPLE-CLOSE. One of the diminutives of the chevron, half the size of the chevronel." -Hall, 1862

Couple-Close

"Argent, three couple-closes interlaced vert. COUPLE-CLOSE. One of the diminutives of the chevron, half…

"Azure, a crescent argent. CRESCENT. The half moon with its horns turned upwards." -Hall, 1862

Crescent

"Azure, a crescent argent. CRESCENT. The half moon with its horns turned upwards." -Hall, 1862

Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing chelicerate arthropods. Trapdoor spiders, of family Ctenizidae, are medium-sized mygalomorph spiders that construct burrows with a cork-like trapdoor made of soil, vegetation and silk. The Trapdoor Spider is difficult to see when it is closed because the plant and soil materials effectively camouflage it. The trapdoor is hinged on one side with silk. The spiders, which are usually nocturnal, typically wait for prey while holding onto the underside of the door with the claws on their tarsi. Prey is captured when insects, other arthropods, or small vertebrates venture too close to the half-open trapdoor at night. The spider detects the prey by vibrations and when it comes close enough, the spider leaps out of its burrow and captures it.

Trapdoor Spider

Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing chelicerate arthropods. Trapdoor spiders, of family Ctenizidae,…

The itch mite (Sarcoptes) is a genus of skin parasites, and part of the larger family of mites collectively known as "scab mites". Adult scabies mites are spherical, eyeless mites with four pairs of legs. They are recognizable by their oval, ventrally flattened and dorsally convex tortoise-like body and multiple cuticular spines. Females are 0.30 to .45 mm long and 0.25 to 0.35 mm wide, and males are just over half that size.

Itch Mite

The itch mite (Sarcoptes) is a genus of skin parasites, and part of the larger family of mites collectively…

Lancelet fish (Branchiostoma) is sometimes called amphioxus, the type of the class Leptocardii, is a little creature, half and inch to four inches long. A lancelet may be regarded as a vertebrate reduced to its lowest terms. Instead of a jointed backbone, it has a cartilaginous notochord, running from the head to the tail. A nervous cord lies above it, enclosed in a membranous sheath. No skull is present and the nerve cord does not swell into a brain There are no eyes and no scles. The mouth is a vertical slit, without jaws. In this diagram we see the California lancelet twice the natural size, showing (g) gills, (l) liver, (m) mouth, (n) nerve cord, (nc) notochord.

Lancelet

Lancelet fish (Branchiostoma) is sometimes called amphioxus, the type of the class Leptocardii, is a…

An insect known as the pigeon horntail (Tremex columba) deposits its eggs, by means of a strong, piercing ovipositor, half an inch deep in the trunk wood of growing trees. Female uses ovipositor to bore through bark into wood, depositing 1 slender egg in each hole. Eggs are covered with fungal spores from a special pocket in female's abdomen. After depositing the last egg, the female often dies without removing its ovipositor from the wood. The dead female becomes food for some insectivorous animal.

Pigeon Horntail

An insect known as the pigeon horntail (Tremex columba) deposits its eggs, by means of a strong, piercing…

"U.S. Rifle, CAL .30 M1903 (Springfield)." -War, 1944 The Springfield M1903, formally the United States Rifle, Caliber .30, Model 1903, is an American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle used primarily during the first half of the 20th century. It was officially adopted as a United States military service rifle on June 19 1903, and saw service in World War I. It was officially replaced as the standard infantry rifle by the faster-firing, semi-automatic M1 Garand, starting in 1936.

Springfield M1903 Rifle

"U.S. Rifle, CAL .30 M1903 (Springfield)." -War, 1944 The Springfield M1903, formally the United States…

The Browning M1919 is a .30 caliber medium machine gun family widely used during the 20th century. It was used as a light infantry, coaxial, mounted, aircraft, and anti-aircraft machine gun by the U.S. and many other countries, especially during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. Although it began to be superseded by newer designs in the later half of the century (such as by the M60 machine gun), it remained in use in many North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries and elsewhere for much longer. It is very similar in design to the larger .50-caliber M2 Machine Gun, which is also a Browning-designed weapon and is still in NATO service.

Browning Machine Gun

The Browning M1919 is a .30 caliber medium machine gun family widely used during the 20th century. It…

"Or, a garter vert. GARTER. One of the diminutives of the bend, being half the size." -Hall, 1862

Garter

"Or, a garter vert. GARTER. One of the diminutives of the bend, being half the size." -Hall, 1862

"GRIFFIN or GRYPHON. A chimerical animal, half bird, half beast." -Hall, 1862

Griffin

"GRIFFIN or GRYPHON. A chimerical animal, half bird, half beast." -Hall, 1862

"Trachea or windpipe of the red breasted merganser, Mergus serrator, about half natural size, viewed from above (behind); after Newton, A, tongue; B B, its attachments; C C; windpipe, dilated in the middle and swelling below into a bony box, D; E E, bronchial tubes, going to the lung" Elliot Coues, 1994

the Windpipe of a Male Red Breasted Merganser

"Trachea or windpipe of the red breasted merganser, Mergus serrator, about half natural size, viewed…

Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death. The fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, she is remembered for restoring England to Roman Catholicism after succeeding her short-lived half brother, Edward VI, to the English throne. In the process, she had almost 300 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian Persecutions, earning her the sobriquet of "Bloody Mary". Her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her successor and half-sister, Elizabeth I.

Mary I of England

Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19…

"ORLE. A subordinate ordinary composed of double lines going round the shield at some distance from its edge; it is half the width of the bordure." -Hall, 1862

Orle

"ORLE. A subordinate ordinary composed of double lines going round the shield at some distance from…

"Parted per pale, gules and argent. PARTY PER PALE. This signifies a shield parted by a perpendicular line down the centre, so that one shield may contain two coats of arms." -Hall, 1862

Party Per Pale

"Parted per pale, gules and argent. PARTY PER PALE. This signifies a shield parted by a perpendicular…

"Argent, the lower half of the shield three bars wavy, azure. WAVY. Curved lines, undulating like the waves of the sea." -Hall, 1862

Bars Wavy

"Argent, the lower half of the shield three bars wavy, azure. WAVY. Curved lines, undulating like the…

"Fig 27. - Bones of the right wing of a duck, Clangula islandica, A, shoulder, omos; B, elbow, ancon; C, wrist, carpus; D, end of principal finger; E, end of hand proper, metacarpus. AB, upper arm, brachium; BC, fore-arm, antibrachium; CD, whole hand or pinion, manus; composed of CE, hand proper or metacarpus, excepting d2; ED, or d2, d3, d4, fingers, digits, digiti, h, humerus; rd, radius; ul, ulna; sc, outer carpal, scapholunare or radiale; cu, inner carpal, cuneiforme or ulnare; these two composing wrist or carpus. mc, the compound hand-bone or metcarpus, composed of three metacarpal bones, bearing as many digits - the outer digit seated upon a protuberance at the head of the metacarpal, the other two situated at the end of the bone. d2, the outer or radial digit, commonly called the thumb or pollex, composed or two phalanges; d3, the middle digit, of two phalanges; d4, the inner or ulnar digit, of one phalanx d2 is the seat of the feathers of the bastard wing or alula. D to C (whole pinion), seat of the flight feathers called primaries; C to B (fore-arm), seat of the secondaries; at B and above it in direction of A, seat of tertiaries proper; below A, in direction of B, seat of scapularies (upon pteryla humeralis), often called tertiaries. The wing shown half-spread: complete extension would bring A B C D into a right line; in complete folding C goes to A, and D to B; all these motions nearly in the plane of the paper. The elbow-joint and wrist are such perfect hinges, that, in opening or closing the wing, C cannot sink below the paper, nor D fly up above the paper, as would otherwise be the effect of the pressure of the air upon the flight-feathers. Observe also rd and ul are two rods connecting B and C; the construction of their joining at B and C, and with each other, is such, that they can slide lengthwise a little upon each other. Now when the point C, revolving about B, approaches A in the arc of a circle, rd pushes on sc, while ul pulls back cu; the motion is transmitted to D, and makes this point approach B. conversely, in opening the wing, rd pulls back sc, and ul pushes on cu, making D recede from B. In other words, the angle A B C cannot be increased or diminished without similarly increasing or diminishing the angle B C D; so that no part of the wing can be opened or shut without automatically opening or shutting the rest..." Elliot Coues, 1884

The Bones of the Right Wing of a Duck

"Fig 27. - Bones of the right wing of a duck, Clangula islandica, A, shoulder, omos; B, elbow, ancon;…

Illustration used to prove "The line joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and equal to one half the third side."

Line Joining Midpoints on a Triangle

Illustration used to prove "The line joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to…

"Obverse. Gun-money. Half-crown, 1689. GUN-MONEY. Money of the coinage issued by James II in Ireland when he attempted to recover his kingdom in 1689 and 1690." -Whitney, 1911

Obverse Side of Gun Money

"Obverse. Gun-money. Half-crown, 1689. GUN-MONEY. Money of the coinage issued by James II in Ireland…

"Reverse. Gun-money. Half-crown, 1689. GUN-MONEY. Money of the coinage issued by James II in Ireland when he attempted to recover his kingdom in 1689 and 1690." -Whitney, 1911

Reverse Side of Gun Money

"Reverse. Gun-money. Half-crown, 1689. GUN-MONEY. Money of the coinage issued by James II in Ireland…

This brooch has a square design in the center with a half circle on each side of the square.

Brooch

This brooch has a square design in the center with a half circle on each side of the square.

This round brooch is in the shape of a circle with a half moon shape laying on the interior bottom edge of the circle. It has a pin that goes through the center of the brooch.

Round Brooch

This round brooch is in the shape of a circle with a half moon shape laying on the interior bottom edge…

This sideboard is carved in walnut wood in a French Renaissance style. It is richly decorated with human figures and fruit at the top half, and at the base various animals.

Sideboard

This sideboard is carved in walnut wood in a French Renaissance style. It is richly decorated with human…

This glass vase is made in a richly colored glass. It has a pedestal in the form of a fish supporting the top half of the vase.

Glass Vase

This glass vase is made in a richly colored glass. It has a pedestal in the form of a fish supporting…

This jug is a maltese design. The lower half has a leaf design, and the top half has a handle in the form of a mermaid.

Jug

This jug is a maltese design. The lower half has a leaf design, and the top half has a handle in the…

This carriage is designed with a retractable cover that can be used as a closed carriage, half open or entirely open.

Carriage

This carriage is designed with a retractable cover that can be used as a closed carriage, half open…

This monumental cross is designed with sculptures from the New Testament history. They include "The Crucifixion", "The Resurrection", "The Return of the Prodigal", "The Good Shepherd". The lower half of the cross are busts of St. Peter, St. John, St. James and St. Paul.

Monumental Cross

This monumental cross is designed with sculptures from the New Testament history. They include "The…

Color flag of Angola. Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle).

Flag of Angola, 2009

Color flag of Angola. Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem…

Black and white outline flag of Angola. Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

Flag of Angola, 2009

Black and white outline flag of Angola. Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered…

Color flag of Anguilla. Blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below.

Flag of Anguilla, 2009

Color flag of Anguilla. Blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan…

Black and white outline flag of Anguilla. Blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below

Flag of Anguilla, 2009

Black and white outline flag of Anguilla. Blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant…

Color flag of Australia. Blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth or Federation Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; on the fly half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars.

Flag of Australia, 2009

Color flag of Australia. Blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed…