ClipArt ETC
"The showing of relief by means of hill shading gives a pleasing effect but is very difficult of execution, does not give exact elevations and would not be applied on maps to be used for engineering purposes. They may sometimes be used to advantage in reconnoissance maps, or in small scale maps for illustration." —French, 1911

Shoreline Hill Shading by Hachures Contour Map

"The showing of relief by means of hill shading gives a pleasing effect but is very difficult of execution,…

A standard topography symbol commonly used for shading hills.

Hill Shading Relief or Terrain Topography Symbol

A standard topography symbol commonly used for shading hills.

A profile is cross sectional view, or side view, showing elevation at a given distance. The illustration shows both profiles with and without vertical exaggeration. A profile with vertical exaggeration is useful to distinguish the elevation of the land.

Topographic Profiles

A profile is cross sectional view, or side view, showing elevation at a given distance. The illustration…

"Where the lathe has no special taper turning attachment, the rig here described can readily be made and applied. The hand wheel of the cross feed is removed, and replaced by a hard—wood disk S that has a rim groove for a stout cord A. One end of this cord is attached to the tail stock at B, by means of a bent metal strip D. The conicity or degree of taper will be determined by the diameter of the disk S." —Grimshaw, 1902

Taper Turning and Boring Lathe Rig

"Where the lathe has no special taper turning attachment, the rig here described can readily be made…

"This attachment, which may be readily affixed to any lathe, consists of a lever that is attached to a crank shaft, which latter has its bearings on the slide rest. From the crank there is a connecting rod which goes to the slide rest. By means of the lever the rest can be moved to and fro on condition that it is free from the cross feed." —Grimshaw

Cam Turning Attachment for Lathe

"This attachment, which may be readily affixed to any lathe, consists of a lever that is attached to…

A shaper micrometer scale measuring cross—feed spindle to measure the diameter by reading the raised ruler.

Shaper Spindle Micrometer Scale

A shaper micrometer scale measuring cross—feed spindle to measure the diameter by reading the raised…

A cross sectional view of tapping a crucible in thermit welding. The crucible is placed over a mold to fasten two metals together. This method is commonly used to combine two railroad tracks.

Sectional View of Tapping Crucible Thermit Welding

A cross sectional view of tapping a crucible in thermit welding. The crucible is placed over a mold…

The illustration shows a cross sectional close up view of a straight side rim and tire. The metal piece clinches the rubber part of the tire with the liner inside to keep air in.

Cross Sectional View of Straight Side Rim Tire

The illustration shows a cross sectional close up view of a straight side rim and tire. The metal piece…

A cross sectional view of the melon fruit. The center of the melon have seeds connected to the placentas and separated by particions.

Cross Sectional View of Melon

A cross sectional view of the melon fruit. The center of the melon have seeds connected to the placentas…

A cross sectional view of the Dicyemennea Eledones, a parasite, found in Eledone Moschata, or musky octopus.

Dicyemennea Eledones Worm Found in Kidney of Octopus

A cross sectional view of the Dicyemennea Eledones, a parasite, found in Eledone Moschata, or musky…

Illustration of a cross compound steam engine. The engine is designed to hold pressure until the engine's minimum pressure is achieved.

Cross Compound Steam Engine

Illustration of a cross compound steam engine. The engine is designed to hold pressure until the engine's…

A cross sectional view of an organ flue pipe. The compressed air is sent through A. As the air enters through the pipe, the lip, D, cuts the air. This produces sound for the organ.

Cross Sectional View of Organ Flue Pipe

A cross sectional view of an organ flue pipe. The compressed air is sent through A. As the air enters…

A cross sectional view of the Pearsons turbine for generating electricity. The turbines, located in P are turned by steam, generating electricity.

Pearsons Turbine for Electricity Generator

A cross sectional view of the Pearsons turbine for generating electricity. The turbines, located in…

"It is placed horizontally with the pivot, B, resting on a support opposite the crosshead when in mid—position. If the pivot B is adjusted to the proper height and at the right distance from the cross head, the cord from the indicator may be attached to the pin E without any pulleys."—Derr, 1911

Horizontal Pivot Pantograph for Motion Reduction between Piston and Steam Engine Indicator

"It is placed horizontally with the pivot, B, resting on a support opposite the crosshead when in mid—position.…

"This valve consists of two pistons connected by a sleeve through which the valve rod passes. This valve rod is prolonged to a small balancing piston, placed directly over the main valve." —Derr, 1911

Cross Sectional View of the High Pressure Cylinder of Piston Valve from USS Massachusetts

"This valve consists of two pistons connected by a sleeve through which the valve rod passes. This valve…

A cross sectional view of Rateau electric generator turbine by Western Electric Company. Steam is used to turn the turbine to generate electricity. The turbine rotates at 1500 revolutions per minute and operates at 1500 horsepower.

Cross Section View of Rateau Turbine Electric Generator by Western Electric Company

A cross sectional view of Rateau electric generator turbine by Western Electric Company. Steam is used…

"The marine turbine of this type (Curtis turbine) installed in the U.S. Cruiser Salem had seven pressure stages with four velocity steps in the first stage, and three in each of the others. Steam passes from the steam chest through the nozzles, each of which may be closed by a valve operated from the governor. The number open at any one time depends upon the load." —Derr, 1911

Cross Sectional View of U.S.S Salem Steam Engine Showing Curtis Turbines

"The marine turbine of this type (Curtis turbine) installed in the U.S. Cruiser Salem had seven pressure…

"The upper bearing with dowel—pins and key fit into corresponding dowel holes and key—way in the bottom of the shaft, and rotate with it. When the oil is supplied to the bearing, under a high pressure, it fills the central circular space between the blocks and forces them slightly apart. The oil then escapes between the annular edges of these two blocks and is collected into a drain and returned to the original supply." —Derr, 1911

Cross Sectional View of Curtis Turbine Step Bearing

"The upper bearing with dowel—pins and key fit into corresponding dowel holes and key—way…

A cross sectional view of a four stage vertical Riedler—Stumpf turbine. The steam enters and exit, indicated by the arrows. The steam spins a series of turbines located in the middle at a high pressure. As the turbine spins, the shaft, located in the middle, produces useable energy.

Cross Sectional View of Four Stage Vertical Riedler Stumpf Turbine

A cross sectional view of a four stage vertical Riedler—Stumpf turbine. The steam enters and exit,…

A two stage condensing Terry turbine from a steam engine. The steam, entering from the top, rotates the two turbines in the casing to generate electricity.

Cross Sectional View of Two Stage Condensing Terry Steam Engine Turbine

A two stage condensing Terry turbine from a steam engine. The steam, entering from the top, rotates…

"Steam enters at E and gradually expands in volume until it exhausts at G. The rotor is usually built in three different diameters to facilitate mechanical construction and to avoid excessively small and excessively large vanes. It is thus possible to use a large number of vanes of the same size." —Derr, 1911

Cross Sectional View of Parsons Turbine

"Steam enters at E and gradually expands in volume until it exhausts at G. The rotor is usually built…

A cross sectional view of Westinghouse Parsons turbine. Steam enters at V and exits at E, turning the turbines, R. The turbines turns the shaft, B, to produce energy to produce electricity. During this process, the steam, at high pressure, is expanded to a lower pressure.

Westinghouse Parsons Turbine Viewed Cross Sectionally

A cross sectional view of Westinghouse Parsons turbine. Steam enters at V and exits at E, turning the…

"In the Curtis turbine, steam is admitted through a series of valves, the number of which depends upon the capacity of the machine. The valves are arranged to open successively, two—thirds of them being open at full load. The action of the valves is so regulated that they are either fully open or fully closed. Any increasing load is taken care of by the opening of an additional valve, this valve closing when the load falls off." —Derr, 1911

Sectional View of Governor for Varying Number of Nozzles Opened

"In the Curtis turbine, steam is admitted through a series of valves, the number of which depends upon…

An illustration of a Sheep Dog on a hill keeping watch as the sheep pass by.

Sheep Dog

An illustration of a Sheep Dog on a hill keeping watch as the sheep pass by.

A common packaging item, usually made of flat material such as paper or cardboard. It is designed to contain a flat object, such as a letter or card. Traditional envelopes are made from sheets of paper cut to one of three shapes: a rhombus, a short-arm cross, or

Mailing Envelope

A common packaging item, usually made of flat material such as paper or cardboard. It is designed to…

Machines cut material off moving strips, usually metal, but also leather or laminates, to leave a desired edge shape or cross section.

Skiving Machine

Machines cut material off moving strips, usually metal, but also leather or laminates, to leave a desired…

Boys singing in a choir at an outdoor chapel service. There is a wooden cross and a makeshift pulpit. A man stands to the right of the boys and appears to be a preacher.

Boys Singing in a Choir Outside

Boys singing in a choir at an outdoor chapel service. There is a wooden cross and a makeshift pulpit.…

"After a successful summer campaign, [Caesar] made his way to the coast and cross over into Britain. He then withdrew into his winter-quarters in Gaul, but in the following year returned into the island, defeated the British Celts under their king Cassivellaunus, and reduced the country to a dependency, compelling the Britons to pay tribute and give hostages."

Landing of the Romans in Britain

"After a successful summer campaign, [Caesar] made his way to the coast and cross over into Britain.…

The Arch of Constantine was erected to celebrate Constantine's victory of Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge. It is situated between the Colosseum and the Palatine Hill.

Arch of Constantine

The Arch of Constantine was erected to celebrate Constantine's victory of Maxentius at the Battle of…

"The cross-wire system is another method of training which appears to be confined in this country to the Hudson River Valley, and even there it is used only to a limited extent. But at Juraçon, Bassess-Pyrénées, France, this system is regularly followed. Poles are used in place of the wires, however. [The image] represents vines trained in this manner."—Government Printing Office, 1897

Cross-Wire System of Grape Training

"The cross-wire system is another method of training which appears to be confined in this country to…

"1. Companies of the Regulars marching into Concord. 2. Companies of the Regulars drawn up in order. 3. A Detachment destroying the Provincial Stores. 4, 5. Colonel Smith and Major Pitcairn viewing the Provincials, who were mustering on an East Hill in Concord. 6. The Court and Town-house. 7. The Meeting-house."—Coffin, 1879.

British Troops on Concord Common

"1. Companies of the Regulars marching into Concord. 2. Companies of the Regulars drawn up in order.…

A battle of the American Revolution named after the adjacent hill, which was the objective of both colonial and British troops.

Bunker Hill

A battle of the American Revolution named after the adjacent hill, which was the objective of both colonial…

"This picture was drawn by a British engineer at the time of the battle. The view is from Copp's Hill, in Boston, looking north. A British battery on Copp's Hill fired across the water and set the town on fire. The smoke of the battle is seen on the hill behind the town. The wind was south-west, and carried the smoke eastward over the Mystic River."—Coffin, 1879

Burning of Charlestown

"This picture was drawn by a British engineer at the time of the battle. The view is from Copp's Hill,…

"This picture was drawn by a British engineer a few days after the battle. The view is from the north side of the hill, looking south from the spot occupied by the New Hampshire troops, under Colonel Stark and Colonel Reed. Portions of the rail-fence are to be seen. The Connecticut troops, under Colonel Knowlton, occupied the ground between the three in the centre of the view and the fort. The ground between the tree and the fort, and toward the left of the picture, was thickly strewed with the killed and wounded British soldiers. The Americans retreated past the trees at the right of the picture."—Coffin, 1879

Bunker Hill After the Battle

"This picture was drawn by a British engineer a few days after the battle. The view is from the north…

"In Sullivan's ranks is John Callendar, of Massachusetts. He commanded the artillery at Bunk Hill, and was accused of being a coward, and his command was taken from him. But he is a patriot, and is in the ranks. He sees a lieutenant commanding a battery fall, and the gunners begin to leave their guns. 'Stop!' he shouts. It is the voice of one accustomed to be obeyed, and the gunners return. He opens fire, and holds the position till the British sweep up the hill. The other soldiers flee, but he will not. He is ramming home a charge, when a bayonet is leveled at his breast. A British officer admires his heroism, and will not let him be harmed."—Coffin, 1879

John Callendar Saved by a British Officer

"In Sullivan's ranks is John Callendar, of Massachusetts. He commanded the artillery at Bunk Hill, and…

"The view is taken from the American intrenchments on Butt's Hill. he windmill is on Quaker Hill. The hill at the right is Anthony's. The British artillery fired from both hills. Sullivan replied from the ditch in the foreground. The battle was down by the third fence, at the left hand of the view. A small brook winds along near the fence, and in the ravine was a belt of woods, where Greene posted his men."—Coffin, 1879

Butt's Hill, Looking South

"The view is taken from the American intrenchments on Butt's Hill. he windmill is on Quaker Hill. The…

"The view shows the intrenchments in the foreground. The Americans retreated past the houses in the center of the picture."—Coffin, 1879

View Looking North from Butt's Hill

"The view shows the intrenchments in the foreground. The Americans retreated past the houses in the…

A flag-like object. The cloth was draped from a horizontal cross suspended from the staff. It was a treasured symbol of the military and was closely defended in combat.

Vexillum

A flag-like object. The cloth was draped from a horizontal cross suspended from the staff. It was a…

The picture describes a story about a traveler who encounters a terrible storm and because he cannot see very well through the rain, he falls into a ditch and breaks his leg. He sits in the ditch through the night, and when dawn breaks, he notices a broken bridge just ahead. He rejoices that he had fallen when he did instead of trying to cross a broken bridge.

'Tis All for the Best

The picture describes a story about a traveler who encounters a terrible storm and because he cannot…

"Instituted by Napoleon in 1802; given to both soldiers and civilians for distinguished services to the state. In the present order of the French Republic the symbolical head of the republic appears in the center, and a laurel wreath replaces the imperial crown."—Webster, 1920

Cross of the Legion of Honor

"Instituted by Napoleon in 1802; given to both soldiers and civilians for distinguished services to…

"The Act of Union with Scotland (1707) required that England and Scotland should have one flag made of the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew combined. After the union with Ireland (1801) the cross of St. Patrick was incorporated in the flag. The name 'Jack' comes from the French Jacques, referries to James I, the first sovereign of Great Britain."—Webster, 1920

The Union Jack

"The Act of Union with Scotland (1707) required that England and Scotland should have one flag made…

"The Dalai Lama, the supreme head of Tibetan Buddhists, occupies an enormous palace on the Potala hill at Lhasa. Its massive walls, terraces, and bastions present an imposing appearance."—Webster, 1920

The Potala, Lhasa

"The Dalai Lama, the supreme head of Tibetan Buddhists, occupies an enormous palace on the Potala hill…

A Swiss businessman who recorded his memories and experiences in his book A Memory of Solferino, which inspired the creation of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

Henri Dunant

A Swiss businessman who recorded his memories and experiences in his book A Memory of Solferino, which…

An Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill in London, England.

St. Paul's Cathedral

An Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill in London, England.

"Established in 1856 for acts of bravery in battle. It is a bronze Maltese cross with the royal crest (lion and crown) in the center and below it a scroll inscribed 'For Valour.'"—Webster, 1920

The Victoria Cross

"Established in 1856 for acts of bravery in battle. It is a bronze Maltese cross with the royal crest…

A military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia, and later of Germany. It was also used as the symbol of the German Army from 1871 to 1918.

The Iron Cross

A military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia, and later of Germany. It was also used as the symbol…

The first steamship in the world to cross the Atlantic Ocean.

The Savannah

The first steamship in the world to cross the Atlantic Ocean.

An unsuccessful presidential candidate for the Democratic party in the late-19th and early-20th centuries.

William Jennings Bryan

An unsuccessful presidential candidate for the Democratic party in the late-19th and early-20th centuries.

"The Labarum consisted of a staff or lance with a purple banner on a crossbar. It bore the two Greek letters XP (CHR) the first being a symbol of the cross, and both making a monogram of the word Christ (Greek, Christos).—Webster, 1913

The Labarum

"The Labarum consisted of a staff or lance with a purple banner on a crossbar. It bore the two Greek…

The heraldic shield of the Earl of Bradford.

Earl of Bradford

The heraldic shield of the Earl of Bradford.

An example of a heraldic shield with roundels.

Shield with Roundels

An example of a heraldic shield with roundels.

A Cross flamant.

Cross Flamant

A Cross flamant.

A Cross engrailed.

Cross Engrailed

A Cross engrailed.

A Cross tri-parted.

Cross Tri-Parted

A Cross tri-parted.

A Cross double-parted.

Cross Double-Parted

A Cross double-parted.

"A Cross voided is not unlike the Cross double parted, but the bars do not run through or across the shield. It is, in fact, the Cross of St. George with the central area removed, so that only a thin outline remains."—Aveling, 1891

Cross Voided

"A Cross voided is not unlike the Cross double parted, but the bars do not run through or across the…

"The Fimbriated Cross is a cross having a border of another tincture, generally for the purpose of allowing it, if it be of metal, to be placed upon a field of another metal; the fimbration, or intervening border, being of a color to prevent the violation of the rule that 'metal cannot be placed upon metal, or color upon color.'"—Aveling, 1891

Frimbriated Cross

"The Fimbriated Cross is a cross having a border of another tincture, generally for the purpose of allowing…

"Cross Quarterly is a Cross cut by a partition line, and the tinctures reversed or counter-changed."—Aveling, 1891

Cross Quarterly

"Cross Quarterly is a Cross cut by a partition line, and the tinctures reversed or counter-changed."—Aveling,…

"A Cross crossed at the head."—Aveling, 1891

Patriarchal Cross

"A Cross crossed at the head."—Aveling, 1891

"Degraded means placed upon degrees, or steps."—Aveling, 1891

Cross Nowed, Degraded and Conjoined

"Degraded means placed upon degrees, or steps."—Aveling, 1891