ClipArt ETC
"The simplest idea of a crank is that of a handle to a wheel; its action is familiarly illustrated in the process of drawing water from a well: the bent handle attached to the wheel is first pushed out, then pulled in the opposite direction, and thus a continued rotatory motion is produced upon an axle. The application of this principle to the steam engine, and the variations of pressure on the crank of a steam enginre, may be conveniently illustrated by curves." —Comstock, 1850

Crank

"The simplest idea of a crank is that of a handle to a wheel; its action is familiarly illustrated in…

This figure represents the whole of the points and lines requisite for working out a drawing in "parallel perspective." 1) The point of sight; 2)The horizontal line; 3) The point of station; 4) The points of measurement.

Parallel Perspective

This figure represents the whole of the points and lines requisite for working out a drawing in "parallel…

This figure comprises the whole of the points and lines preparatory to beginning a drawing in "angular perspective." 1) The point of sight; 2)The horizontal line; 3) The point of station; 4) The nearest corner of the object to be drawn; 5) The ground line of the building or object, lying on that side, and produced from the nearest corner up to the horizontal line, in order to determine the vanishing point marked 5; 6) A line taken from the vanishing point 5, to the point of station 3; 7) A line drawn at right angles to 6, and extending from the point of station to the horizontal line, at its junction with which the vanishing point, marked 8, is determined; 9) A point of measurement obtained by the use of the vanishing point 8; 10) The other point of measurement, obtained by vanishing point 5; 11) The geometrical scale of the building or object upon a base line drawn through the nearest corner.

Angular Perspective

This figure comprises the whole of the points and lines preparatory to beginning a drawing in "angular…

Two upright oblong figures are here represented in parallel perspective. They may be imagined to resemble the sides and fronts of houses, or their blank walls. One of the figures has two others attached to it of equal dimensions; and these additions might be similarly multiplied to any extent, by the numbers, 7, 8, 9 and 10, in the followig rules. 1) Lines forming to complete fronts of two separate and detached oblongs. 2) The geometrical scale at the base, marked twenty feet. 3) The ground lines of the fronts running to the vanishing point. 4) The top lines tending to vanishing point. 5) Lines from the geometrical scale, to the points of measurement, determining the perspective depths of the oblongs. 6) Perpendicular lines raised at the intersection of the lines 3 and 5, and giving the farthest upright corner lines of the oblongs. The two figures will thus be completed. The remaining lines inserted in the figure are intended to give two other oblongs (or rather their retiring sides) attached to the first, and supposed to be of the same dimensions. They are determined first by finding the centre 7 of the near corner line 1. From 7 a line is drawn to the vanishing point. A line marked 8 is then drawn from the near extremity of 1 through 6, where it is cut by 7; at its intersection with the bottom line 3, the perpendicular line 9 is raised, and another oblong front is completed. A line 10 is drawn, and determined as the line 8 was, from the top of 6, and by crossing the lines 7 and 3. The lines 13, 14, and 15, are inserted merely to show the inner side and back of the other oblong, as they would be seen were the object made of glass. Thus 13,13 are lines for the top and bottom of the back; formed by drawing them to the vanishing point; 14,14 are the top and bottom lines of the farthest side, found by straight lines being drawn from both ends of , until they meet 13,13; at which point of meeting the upright corner of the oblong are completed.

Parallel Perspective

Two upright oblong figures are here represented in parallel perspective. They may be imagined to resemble…

This cube has four additional cubes of equal dimensions. This is effected by first drawing the cube in the order and then finding the centre of the upright line 5, that being the nearest corner line of this first cube. The centre being found at 10, take the line 10 to the vanishing point for that side of the cube; this will give the centres of all the other upright lines of that side of all the added cubes. The line 11 is drawn from the top of the corner line 5, through the intersection of 8 and 10, until it meets the ground line 1, at its junction with which the upright line is raised for the far corner line 12 of the second cube. The three other cubes are described precisely in the same manner, being found by the diagonal lines traversing each pair of the cubes, through the intersection of the centre line 10, with each perpendicular line raised from the meeting of the previous diagonal line with the ground line 1. It will be perceived that a further distance of twelve feet is added to one side of the geometrical scale, and marked A. This is done merely to prove the correctness of the first diagonal line 11, passing through the centre line 10, to determine the perspective depth of the second cube. For if a line be taken from the end of the geometrical scale A to the point of measurement on the horizontal line, it will be found to meet the ground line 1 at exactly the same point; thus proving the truth of both modes of drawing. The former mode, however, is more convenient where a number of cubes are to be drawn; as the geometrical scale might extend far beyond the limits of the paper, and consequently give much more trouble.

Angular Perspective

This cube has four additional cubes of equal dimensions. This is effected by first drawing the cube…

A landscape drawing showing the proper position for the horizontal line.

Horizontal Line

A landscape drawing showing the proper position for the horizontal line.

A drawing of a landscape positioning a horizontal line.

Horizontal Line

A drawing of a landscape positioning a horizontal line.

A drawing of a landscape showing the proper position for the horizontal line.

Horizontal Line

A drawing of a landscape showing the proper position for the horizontal line.

Raphael's sister, Elisabetta. From a Drawing by Raphael.

Elisabetta

Raphael's sister, Elisabetta. From a Drawing by Raphael.

From a Drawing by Raphael of the decoration in the Farnesina Palace, Rome.

Decoration of the Farnesina Palace

From a Drawing by Raphael of the decoration in the Farnesina Palace, Rome.

A painting by Johann Overbeck. It is from the Drawing in the Linden Collection at Basle

Christ in the Temple

A painting by Johann Overbeck. It is from the Drawing in the Linden Collection at Basle

A painting by Johann Overbeck. It is from a Drawing in the Dreden Print Room.

Christ Falling Under the Cross

A painting by Johann Overbeck. It is from a Drawing in the Dreden Print Room.

This painting is from a drawing by the author of Padua in Italy.

Padua

This painting is from a drawing by the author of Padua in Italy.

The artist is unknown for the drawing of the childhood home of William Turner. The house on Maiden Lane still stands today.

House in Maiden Lane in which Turner was born

The artist is unknown for the drawing of the childhood home of William Turner. The house on Maiden Lane…

The artist is unknown for this drawing. The picture is of the room in which Turner was found months after his death by his maid.

The Room in which Turner Died

The artist is unknown for this drawing. The picture is of the room in which Turner was found months…

This portrait is of Francesco Raibolini. The artist is unknown.

Francesco Raibolini

This portrait is of Francesco Raibolini. The artist is unknown.

A woman drawing a picture of a map.

Woman Drawing

A woman drawing a picture of a map.

Pencils are the basic tool for mechanical drawing. Pencilling is the first basic skill in mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Pencils

Pencils are the basic tool for mechanical drawing. Pencilling is the first basic skill in mechanical…

Top and side views of mechanical drawing scales.

Scales

Top and side views of mechanical drawing scales.

Different compasses used in mechanical drawing.

Compasses

Different compasses used in mechanical drawing.

The use of a compass in drawing perfect circles

Compass Use

The use of a compass in drawing perfect circles

Dotted lines can indicate a relationship among figures, such as one inside another.

Drawing Lines 1

Dotted lines can indicate a relationship among figures, such as one inside another.

Shading of the right and lower sides gives dimension to drawings.

Drawing Lines 2

Shading of the right and lower sides gives dimension to drawings.

Top and side views of a hexagonal pyramid shaded with dimension lines.

Drawing Lines 3

Top and side views of a hexagonal pyramid shaded with dimension lines.

Circles should be unshaded or shaded evenly with thick and thin lines, changing at about 45 degrees.

Drawing Lines 4

Circles should be unshaded or shaded evenly with thick and thin lines, changing at about 45 degrees.

Different surfaces can be indicated by changing the pattern or direction of lines.

Drawing Sections

Different surfaces can be indicated by changing the pattern or direction of lines.

Draftsman's second method for drawing an ellipse

Ellipse Second Method

Draftsman's second method for drawing an ellipse

Draftsman's third method for drawing an ellipse

Ellipse Third Method

Draftsman's third method for drawing an ellipse

Draftsman's fourth method for drawing an ellipse, case 1

Ellipse Fourth Method Case 1

Draftsman's fourth method for drawing an ellipse, case 1

Draftsman's fourth method for drawing an ellipse, case 2

Ellipse Fourth Method Case 2

Draftsman's fourth method for drawing an ellipse, case 2

Draftsman's fourth method for drawing an ellipse, case 3

Ellipse Fourth Method Case 3

Draftsman's fourth method for drawing an ellipse, case 3

Draftsman's fifth method for drawing an ellipse

Ellipse Fifth Method

Draftsman's fifth method for drawing an ellipse

Draftsman's first method for drawing a parabola

Parabola First Method

Draftsman's first method for drawing a parabola

Draftsman's second method for drawing a parabola

Parabola Second Method

Draftsman's second method for drawing a parabola

Draftsman's second method for drawing a hyperbola

Hyperbola Second Method

Draftsman's second method for drawing a hyperbola

"A drawing of a crystal showing a combination of the cube, octahedron and rhombic dodecahedron is shown, in which the faces are lettered the same as the corresponding poles in the projection." -The Encyclopedia Britannica 1910

Clinographic Drawing of a Cubic Crystal

"A drawing of a crystal showing a combination of the cube, octahedron and rhombic dodecahedron is shown,…

Regions of the abdomen and their contents (edge of costal cartilages in dotted outline). "For convenience of description the abdomen may be artificially divided into nine regions by drawing two circular lines around the body parallel with the cartilages of the ninth ribs, and the highest point of the crests of the ilia; and two vertical lines from the cartilage of the eighth rib on each side to the center of Poupart's ligament. The vicar contained in these different regions are as follows: -- Right Hypochondriac - the right lobe of the liver and gall-bladder, hepatic flexure of the colon, and part of the right kidney. Right Lumbar - ascending colon, part of the right kidney, and some convolutions of the small intestines. Right Inguinal (Iliac) - the caecum, appendix caeci. Epigastric Region - the middle and pyloric end o the stomach, left lobe of the liver, the pancreas, the duodenum, part of the kidneys and the suprarenal capsules. Umbilical Region - the transverse colon, part of the great omentum and mesentery, transverse part of the duodenum, and some convolutions of the jejunum and ileum, and part of both kidneys. Hypogastric Region - convolutions of the small intestines, the bladder in children, and in adults if distended, and the uterus during pregnancy. Left Hypochondriac - the splenic end of the stomach, the spleen and extremity of the pancreas, the splenic flexure of the colon, and part of the left kidney. Left Lumbar - descending color, part of the omentum, part of the left kidney, and some convolutions of the small intestines. Left Inguinal (Iliac) - sigmoid flexure of the colon." — Kimber, 1907.

Regions of the Abdomen and their Contents

Regions of the abdomen and their contents (edge of costal cartilages in dotted outline). "For convenience…

"Suppose the object a, appears to the naked eye of the length repreesnted in the drawing. Now, as the rays coming from each end of the object, form by their convergence at the eye, the visual angle, or the angle under which the object is seem, and we call objects large or small in proportion as this angle is obtuse or acute, if, therefore, the object a be withdrawn futher from the eye, it is apparent that the rays o, o, proceeding from its extremities, will enter the eye under a more acute angle, and therefore that the object will appear diminished in proportion." -Comstock 1850

Visual Angle

"Suppose the object a, appears to the naked eye of the length repreesnted in the drawing. Now, as the…

"Around a vertical conductor carrying a heavy current, place a peice of paper and sprinkle iron filling on the paper. Notice that the iron particles arrange themselves in distinct circular whirls around the wire, as shown." -Avery 1895

Magnetic Field Due to Current

"Around a vertical conductor carrying a heavy current, place a peice of paper and sprinkle iron filling…

"Diagrammatic drawing of a time-limit circuit breaker." —Croft 1920

Time-limit Circuit Breaker

"Diagrammatic drawing of a time-limit circuit breaker." —Croft 1920

"On the top of a short pillar is placed a card, and on the card a brass ball. Beside the pillar is fixed a steel spring, with an apparatus for drawing it back. If the spring is drawn back and the suddenly released, it will drive the card from the top of the pillar, while the ball in consequence of its inertia will retain its place." —Quackenbos 1859

Inertia Demonstration

"On the top of a short pillar is placed a card, and on the card a brass ball. Beside the pillar is fixed…

"A still more common form, much used in drawing water from wells and loaded buckets from mines, is shown [here]. Instead of a wheel, we have here a winch, or handle, attached to the axle." —Quackenbos 1859

Winch

"A still more common form, much used in drawing water from wells and loaded buckets from mines, is shown…

"Handle A opens and closes valves B and G. Steam is injected through pipe S which flushes any air/water out of C. G is closed and cold water enters through I causing a vacuum drawing water up through F." —Quackenbos 1859

Savery's Engine

"Handle A opens and closes valves B and G. Steam is injected through pipe S which flushes any air/water…

Drawing of composite figure with dimensions labeled.

Composite Figure

Drawing of composite figure with dimensions labeled.

Drawing of composite figure with dimensions labeled.

Composite Figure

Drawing of composite figure with dimensions labeled.

Drawing of composite figure with dimensions labeled.

Composite Figure

Drawing of composite figure with dimensions labeled.

Floor plan of barn with dimensions labeled. Drawing can be used for area problems.

Floor Plan of Barn for Finding Area

Floor plan of barn with dimensions labeled. Drawing can be used for area problems.

Illustration to show if two triangles have two sides of the one equal, respectively, to two sides of the other, and the angles opposite two equal sides equal, the angles opposite the other two equal sides are equal or supplementary, and if equal the triangles are equal.

Proof of Equal Triangles Drawing

Illustration to show if two triangles have two sides of the one equal, respectively, to two sides of…

Projections of a line inclined to both the horizontal and vertical planes will not show its true length, as represented in this drawing.

Projections of a Line

Projections of a line inclined to both the horizontal and vertical planes will not show its true length,…

Isometric outline of a house.

Isometric of a House

Isometric outline of a house.

Illustration of a right hollow rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base. The top section has been removed and the remaining section has been turned upside down. It is known as the frustum of the pyramid. Hidden edges are shown in this drawing.

Frustum Of A Rectangular Pyramid

Illustration of a right hollow rectangular pyramid that has been cut by a plane parallel to the base.…

Design made by drawing one large circle and then three circles that are internally tangent to the original circle and externally tangent to each other. The lines of centers of the inner circles form an equilateral triangle. Erase one side of each of the smaller circles to create the design. It resembles the yin and yang symbol.

3 Yin Yang Design Symbols In A Circle

Design made by drawing one large circle and then three circles that are internally tangent to the original…

Design made by drawing one large circle and then three circles that are internally tangent to the original circle and externally tangent to each other. The lines of centers of the inner circles form an equilateral triangle.. Erase one side of each of the smaller circles to create the design. It resembles the yin and yang symbol.

3 Yin Yang Design Symbols In A Circle

Design made by drawing one large circle and then three circles that are internally tangent to the original…

Design made by drawing one large circle and then two circles that are vertically placed and internally tangent to the original circle. Erase the left side of the top circle and the right side of the bottom circle to create the design. It resembles the yin and yang symbol.

Design Similar to Yin Yang Symbol

Design made by drawing one large circle and then two circles that are vertically placed and internally…

Design made by drawing one large circle and then four circles that are internally tangent to the original circle. Erase one side of each of the smaller circles to create the design. It resembles the yin and yang symbol.

4 Yin Yang Design Symbols In A Circle

Design made by drawing one large circle and then four circles that are internally tangent to the original…

Design made by drawing one large circle and then four circles that are internally tangent to the original circle. Erase one side of each of the smaller circles to create the design. It resembles the yin and yang symbol.

4 Yin Yang Design Symbols In A Circle

Design made by drawing one large circle and then four circles that are internally tangent to the original…

Illustration of 2 concentric ellipses, whose major axes are vertical, inscribed in a circle whose diameter is equal to the length of the major axes of the ellipses. The ellipses, which decrease in width in equal increments, are externally tangent to the circle. The illustration could be used as a 3-dimensional drawing of a sphere.

2 Ellipses Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of 2 concentric ellipses, whose major axes are vertical, inscribed in a circle whose diameter…

Illustration of concentric ellipses, whose major axes are vertical, inscribed in a circle whose diameter is equal to the length of the major axes of the ellipses. The ellipses, which decrease in width in equal increments until the smallest one is a line, are externally tangent to the circle. The illustration could be described as a circle rotated about the poles of the vertical axis. It could also be used as a 3-dimensional drawing of a sphere.

Ellipses Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of concentric ellipses, whose major axes are vertical, inscribed in a circle whose diameter…

Illustration of concentric ellipses, whose major axes are vertical, inscribed in a circle whose diameter is equal to the length of the major axes of the ellipses. The ellipses, which decrease in width in equal increments until the smallest one is a line, are externally tangent to the circle. The illustration could be described as a circle rotated about the poles of the vertical axis. It could also be used as a 3-dimensional drawing of a sphere.

Ellipses Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of concentric ellipses, whose major axes are vertical, inscribed in a circle whose diameter…

Illustration of a palm tree that is perpendicular to the ground. The tree is perfectly straight, as is the ground. This drawing could be used for shadow, proportion, trigonometric, or Pythagorean Theorem problems.

Palm Tree Perpendicular to Ground

Illustration of a palm tree that is perpendicular to the ground. The tree is perfectly straight, as…