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"Peter the Great. This prince is one of the most extraordinary figures in history. As a boy he showed a great eagerness for knowledge in departments which were not generally attractive to the members of royal families. He cared nothing for books, but took a keen interest in mechanical devices, in carpentering, and especially in the making and sailing of boats. He was impatient of discipline and opposition and showed at an early age serious defects of temper. In fact, except for his restless and inquisitive spirit, there was little about him to suggest the qualities which afterwards made him famous. His half-sister, Sophia, plotted against him, and at one time, through a palace revolution, his life was actually endagered. He was obliged to share the throne with his feeble-minded half-brother, and at first his position was insecure. In 1689, however, Peter, discovering the plots of Sophia, raised a party against her, took the power out of her hands, and shut her up in a convent. Ivan was wholly incompetent to rule, and from this time forth Peter, though now only seventeen years of age, ruled the state."—Colby, 1899

Peter the Great

"Peter the Great. This prince is one of the most extraordinary figures in history. As a boy he showed…

"Trafalgar Monument, Battle of Trafalgar (1805). During the early part of the Napoleonic wars, England's successes were gained by her superior navy under the command of the most brilliant naval officer of the time, Lord Nelson. Nelson's last victory was won near Cape Trafalgar, off the coast of Spain, where he met the combined fleets of France and Spain. It was on the eve of this engagement that he sent to the vessels of the fleet the famous message, 'England expects every man to do his duty.' most of the enemies' ships were captured or sunk, and the victory gave England the control of the sea, but cost the life of her brave commander, who fell at the moment of victory."—Colby, 1899

Trafalgar Monument

"Trafalgar Monument, Battle of Trafalgar (1805). During the early part of the Napoleonic wars, England's…

"Adder, or Viper (Pelias Berus)"-Whitney, 1902

Adder

"Adder, or Viper (Pelias Berus)"-Whitney, 1902

"Statue of Nathan Hale. It was during his treated that an event occurred which showed how much Americans were willing to venture and how bravely they could die for the cause in which they were engaged. A young Connecticut soldier, a Yale student, Captain Nathan Hale, had volunteered to go within the British lines on Long Island that he might learn the position of the enemy. On the way back he was arrested. No trial was allowed him. He was not shot as a soldier, but was hanged. 'I only regret,' he said, as he was about to die, 'that I have but one life to give for my country.'"—Scudder, 1897

Hale Statue

"Statue of Nathan Hale. It was during his treated that an event occurred which showed how much Americans…

"Thomas Alva Edison was born at Milan, Ohio, February 11, 1847, but the family soon after moved to Port Huron, Michigan. He had to earn his living from early boyhood, and was a train boy on a railroad. A station master, whose child's life Edison had saved, taught the boy telegraphy, and in this art Edison quickly became an expert. In 1868 he chanced to be in New York when the indicator of a gold and stock company was broken, and he not only repaired it, but in doing so struck out a new invention, the printing telegraph. He sold his invention in 1876 and established himself at Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he built workshops for carrying out experiments in the application of electricity. It would take a very long paragraph even to name the devices and inventions which have followed, the most far-reaching being, perhaps, his system of electric lighting, his microphone, and the phonograph."—Scudder, 1897

Thomas Alva Edison

"Thomas Alva Edison was born at Milan, Ohio, February 11, 1847, but the family soon after moved to Port…

Pocahontas saving Captain John Smith's life.

Smith's Life

Pocahontas saving Captain John Smith's life.

"American Snake-Bird (Anhinga)"-Whitney, 1902

Anhinga

"American Snake-Bird (Anhinga)"-Whitney, 1902

"The <em>Serpulae</em>, which form irregularly twisted calcareous tubes, often grow together in large masses, generally attached to shells and similar objects; while those genera which, like the <em>Terebella</em>, build their residences of sand and stones, appear to prefer a life of single blessedness." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Serpula contortiplicata

"The Serpulae, which form irregularly twisted calcareous tubes, often grow together in large…

"Asp, as an Egyptian royal symbol.- Seti I., father of Rameses II."-Whitney, 1902

Asp

"Asp, as an Egyptian royal symbol.- Seti I., father of Rameses II."-Whitney, 1902

"A Dervish is a Mohammedan monk or religious fanatic, who makes a vow of poverty and austerity of life. There are several orders, some living in monasteries, some as hermits, and some as wandering mendicants. Some, called dancing dervishes, are accustomed to spin or whirl themselves round for hours at a time, till they work themselves into a state of frenzy, when they are believed to be inspired."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Dervish

"A Dervish is a Mohammedan monk or religious fanatic, who makes a vow of poverty and austerity of life.…

"Gopher is a name given by the early French settlers in the United States to various animals which honeycomb the ground by burrowing in it. In Illiois and canada it was given to a gray burrowing squirrel, in Wisconsin to a striped squirrel, and in Missouri to a burrowing pouched rat. All these are mammals; but in Georgia the term is applied to a snake, and in Florida to a turtle."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Gopher

"Gopher is a name given by the early French settlers in the United States to various animals which honeycomb…

"A Vase is a vessel of various forms and materials, applied to the purposes of domestic life, sacrificial uses, etc. They were often used merely for ornament, or were at least primarily ornamental in character and design. The antique vases found in great numbers in ancient tombs and catacombs in Etruria, Southern Italy, Greece, Sicily, etc., and used to contain the ashes of the dead, were for the most part made of baked clay, painted and glazed. Rare Chinese and Japanese vases are highly prized, and $20,000 has been paid for one vase at auction in New York."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Chinese, Japanese and Indian Vases

"A Vase is a vessel of various forms and materials, applied to the purposes of domestic life, sacrificial…

"A Vase is a vessel of various forms and materials, applied to the purposes of domestic life, sacrificial uses, etc. They were often used merely for ornament, or were at least primarily ornamental in character and design. The antique vases found in great numbers in ancient tombs and catacombs in Etruria, Southern Italy, Greece, Sicily, etc., and used to contain the ashes of the dead, were for the most part made of baked clay, painted and glazed. Rare Chinese and Japanese vases are highly prized, and $20,000 has been paid for one vase at auction in New York."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Grecian Vases

"A Vase is a vessel of various forms and materials, applied to the purposes of domestic life, sacrificial…

"Mosses are a class of small flowerless plants, important in the economy of nature, and of great interest in their life history. They are found in all climates, but are most abundant in temperate regions and in damp places."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Moss

"Mosses are a class of small flowerless plants, important in the economy of nature, and of great interest…

"Mosses are a class of small flowerless plants, important in the economy of nature, and of great interest in their life history. They are found in all climates, but are most abundant in temperate regions and in damp places."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Moss

"Mosses are a class of small flowerless plants, important in the economy of nature, and of great interest…

"Mosses are a class of small flowerless plants, important in the economy of nature, and of great interest in their life history. They are found in all climates, but are most abundant in temperate regions and in damp places."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Moss

"Mosses are a class of small flowerless plants, important in the economy of nature, and of great interest…

"New York is a city in Southern New York; coextensive with New York, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties, on New York Bay, the Hudson and East rivers, Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; the first city in the United States in population and commercial importance, and after London, the largest metropolitan center in the world. New York is noted for the number and height of its office buildings. In 1911 there were 50 such structures in occupancy, ranging from 14 to 50 stories in height, or from 179 to 700 feet above ground level, and 16 more were nearing completion. The tallest building was that of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 700 and one quarter feet to top of lantern on its majestic tower. Other conspicuous ones [include the] Park Row, 382 [feet]."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Park Row Building of New York

"New York is a city in Southern New York; coextensive with New York, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties,…

"Palmistry, or Chiromancy, is the art which professes to discover the temperament and character of anyone, as well as the past and future events of his life, from an examination of the palm of his hand; and of the lines traced upon it. A, will; B, logic; C, mount of Venus; D, mount of Jupiter; E, mount of Saturn; F, mount of Apollo; G, mount of Mercury; H, mount of Mars; I, mount of the Moon; K, the rascette; <em>a,</em><em>a,</em> line of life; <em>b,</em><em>b,</em> line of the head; <em>c,</em><em>c,</em> line of heart; <em>d,</em><em>d,</em> line of Saturn or fate; <em>e,</em><em>e,</em> line of liver or health; <em>f,</em><em>f,</em> line of Apollo or fortune; <em>g,</em><em>g,</em> the girdle of Venus; R, the quadrangle; <em>m,</em><em>m,</em><em>m,</em> bracelets of life."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Palmistry

"Palmistry, or Chiromancy, is the art which professes to discover the temperament and character of anyone,…

"Cadmus and the Dragon. (From a vase-painting at Naples.)" &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Cadmus and the Dragon

"Cadmus and the Dragon. (From a vase-painting at Naples.)" — The Delphian Society, 1913

A cloak chiefly worn by soldiers, and thus opposed to the toga, the garb of peace. The abolla was used by by the lower classes at Rome, and consequently by the philosophers who affected severity of manners and life.

Abolla

A cloak chiefly worn by soldiers, and thus opposed to the toga, the garb of peace. The abolla was used…

"Aeschines owes the perpetuity of his fame to the fact he was the only rival of Demosthenes. He was five years older than the great orator, being born in 389 B.C. In early life he served as a soldier, then as a public clerk, and afterwards undertook the role of an actor." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Aeschines

"Aeschines owes the perpetuity of his fame to the fact he was the only rival of Demosthenes. He was…

"Lucian, the humorous satirist, was a native of Samosata, in Syria, and flourished towards the end of the second century. In early life he was a sculptor, but later applied himself to the study of literature and philosophy. He was an extensive traveler, and seems to have traversed Asia Minor, Greece, Italy, and Gaul, teaching and studying human nature. After having amassed wealth as a wandering sophist, he settled down in Athens, when about forty years of age, and devoted himself to those satirical and humorous works which have made his name famous." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Lucian

"Lucian, the humorous satirist, was a native of Samosata, in Syria, and flourished towards the end of…

"Rattlesnake is the English name for any species of the American genus Crotalus, the tail of which is furnished with a rattle. Garman enumerates 12 species and 13 varieties. The poison of the rattlesnake is usually fatal to man, though fortunately they are sluggish, and never attempt to strike unless they are molested. They are widely distributed on the American continent; but advancing civilization is rapidly thinning their numbers."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Rattlesnake

"Rattlesnake is the English name for any species of the American genus Crotalus, the tail of which is…

The Seventeen Year Locust (Cicada septendecim) spends seventeen years underground feeding on the roots of trees. On the seventeenth year of its life it burrows out of the ground, cracks its shell and spreads its previously unused wings. It flies to the nearest tree to mate. The female cuts holes in the branches of the tree to deposit her eggs. The males make a very loud drumming noise while they are above ground.

Seventeen Year Locust

The Seventeen Year Locust (Cicada septendecim) spends seventeen years underground feeding on the roots…

"Sling the Monkey is a capital game, and can be played anywhere where there are trees. One player who is chosen by lot, takes the part of Monkey, and is fastened to a tolerably high branch of a tree by a strong cord knotted in a 'bowline' loop and passed round his waist. the other players now baste the monkey with knotted handkerchiefs, and he armed in like manner, endeavors to realiate. If he succeeds in striking one of them, he is at once released, and the other takes his place as monkey. He must make haste in doing it, or he may be basted until he is fairly in the loop. With players who don't mind a little buffeting this game becomes exceedingly lively: and active monkey is very different to approach with safety, and, of course, gives much more life to the game. The cord should be just long enough to enable the monkey to reach the ground comfortably under the branch. Half the fun of the game lies in actual slinging of the monkey, one of whose most effective ruses is to throw himself forward on the rope, preend to start off in one direction, and then come back with a swing in the other. The branch to which the cord is attached should be of some considerable height from the ground, or there will not be play enough in the rope; and it need scarcely be impressed upon the reader tha both rope and branch must be strong enough to bear the strain put upon them by the weight and movements of the monkey." &mdash; Thomas Sheppard Meek

Sling the Monkey

"Sling the Monkey is a capital game, and can be played anywhere where there are trees. One player who…

Scene from the story, "The Water of Life."

Water of Life

Scene from the story, "The Water of Life."

Scene from the story, "The Water of Life."

Water of Life

Scene from the story, "The Water of Life."

"Altars were either square or round. Specimens of both kinds are here given from ancient sculptures." — Anthon, 1891

Altars

"Altars were either square or round. Specimens of both kinds are here given from ancient sculptures."…

"A shepherd's crook. On account of its connection with pastoral life, the crook is often seen in works of ancient art, in the hands of Pan, Satyrs, Fauns, and shepherds. It was also the usual attribute of Thalia, as the muse of pastoral poetry." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Pedum

"A shepherd's crook. On account of its connection with pastoral life, the crook is often seen in works…

Scene from the story, "The Salt of Life."

Salt of Life

Scene from the story, "The Salt of Life."

Scene from the story, "The Salt of Life."

Salt of Life

Scene from the story, "The Salt of Life."

Scene from the story, "The Salt of Life."

Salt of Life

Scene from the story, "The Salt of Life."

A snake made out of acorns

Snake

A snake made out of acorns

Coffin was an author of children's stories, mostly. His books include, <em>Story of Liberty, Old Times in the Colonies, Building the Nation, Life of Garfield, Drum-Beat of the Nation,</em> and <em>Marching to Freedom</em>.

Charles Carleton Coffin

Coffin was an author of children's stories, mostly. His books include, Story of Liberty, Old Times…

A statue of Minerva, with a serpent depicted at the goddesses' feet.

Minerva

A statue of Minerva, with a serpent depicted at the goddesses' feet.

"Vannus, A winnowing van, a bread basket, into which the corn mixed with chaff was received after trashing, and was then thrown in the direction of the wind. Virgil dignifies this simple implement by calling it mustica vannus Iacchi. The rites of Bacchus, as well as those of Ceres, having a continual reference to the occupations of rural life, the vannus was borne in the procession celebrated in honour of both these divinities. In the cut annexed the infant Bacchus is carried in a vannus by two dancing bacchantes clothed in skins." &mdash Smith; 1873

Vannus

"Vannus, A winnowing van, a bread basket, into which the corn mixed with chaff was received after trashing,…

"Hercules, a Theban prince, was another of the descendants of Pelops. The numerous and extraordinary feats of strength and valor of Hercules excited the admiration of his contemporaries, and, being afterwards exaggerated and embellished by poets, caused him at length to be regarded as a person endowed with supernatual powers, and even to be worshipped as a god." &mdash; Goodrich, 1844

Young Hercules

"Hercules, a Theban prince, was another of the descendants of Pelops. The numerous and extraordinary…

"Determined to save his own country at the expense of his own life, Codrus disguised himself in a peasant's dress, entered the Peloponnesian camp, and provoked a quarrel with a soldier, by whom he was killed." &mdash; Goodrich, 1844

Codrus slain

"Determined to save his own country at the expense of his own life, Codrus disguised himself in a peasant's…

"St. Patrick appears to have been a native of Boulogne, in France, and to have been born about the year 387, A.D. In his sixteenth year, he was made captive in a marauding expedition, conducted by Nial of the Nine Hostages." — Goodrich, 1844

St. Patrick

"St. Patrick appears to have been a native of Boulogne, in France, and to have been born about the year…

A cobra 3 to 4 feet in length with its head up.

Cobra

A cobra 3 to 4 feet in length with its head up.

The head of a snake.

Coluber Head

The head of a snake.

Showing the various stages of development of a bean plant.

Life cycle of the bean

Showing the various stages of development of a bean plant.

"Diagram of battery and coil connections for jump spark iginition as applied to a motor cycle." &mdash; Hawkins, 1917

Jump start ignition

"Diagram of battery and coil connections for jump spark iginition as applied to a motor cycle." —…

A snake of rather small size, usualy under two feet and of a dull pale chestnut or hazel color with many blotches.

Copperhead

A snake of rather small size, usualy under two feet and of a dull pale chestnut or hazel color with…

"No man in the United States has been written about more than Henry Ward Beecher, but the main facts of his life are told in a few words." &mdash;The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Henry Ward Beecher

"No man in the United States has been written about more than Henry Ward Beecher, but the main facts…

A venomous snake with thick red, yellow, and black bands.

Coral Snake

A venomous snake with thick red, yellow, and black bands.

"The persecution which Latona experienced from Juno is alluded to in the story. The tradition was that the future mother of Apollo and Diana, flying from the wrath of Juno, besought all the islands of the Aegean to afford her a place of rest, but all feared too much the potent queen of heavan to assist her rival." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Leto or Latona

"The persecution which Latona experienced from Juno is alluded to in the story. The tradition was that…

There was an old man on some rocks, who shut his wife up in a box; When she said, "Let me out," He exclaimed, "Without doubt, you will pass all your life in that box."

Edward Lear's Rhymes

There was an old man on some rocks, who shut his wife up in a box; When she said, "Let me out," He exclaimed,…

A very venomous snake found in the warmer parts of North America.

Serpent

A very venomous snake found in the warmer parts of North America.

A four-posted bed from Dutch life.

Bed

A four-posted bed from Dutch life.

An antique Kerman Rug, representing tree of life and the conflict between evil and good.

Kerman Rug

An antique Kerman Rug, representing tree of life and the conflict between evil and good.

"After his return Triptolemus built a magnificent temple to Ceres in Eleusis and established the worship of the goddess, under the name of the Eleusinian mysteries, which, in the splendor and solemnity of their observance, surpassed all other religious celebrations among the Greeks." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Triptolemus

"After his return Triptolemus built a magnificent temple to Ceres in Eleusis and established the worship…

"Hygea and Aesculapius." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Hygea and Aesculapius

"Hygea and Aesculapius." —Bulfinch, 1897

"Osiris was worshipped as the god of the sun, the source of warmth, life, and fruitfulness, in addition to which he was also regarded as god of the Nile, who annually visited his wide Isis (the Earth), by means of an inundation." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Osiris

"Osiris was worshipped as the god of the sun, the source of warmth, life, and fruitfulness, in addition…

"Vishnu."

Vishnu

"Vishnu."

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power and perpetual life. It has furnished more different art motives than any other object and is almost omnipresent in Persian prayer rugs. The palm signifies a blessing or benediction, the weeping willow stands for death, and the cypress, while being an emblem of mourning, in its perennial freshness and the durability of its wood, is also a very practical symbol of the life to come. It is an Oriental custom to plant cypress trees on the graves of the dead, to place its twigs in the coffins of the dead, and to use its branches to indicate the houses of mourning. In India the cocoanut palm is considered "the tree of desire" or one that fulfils all desires. Its stem serves as a pillar or beam, as a water conduit and as fuel; its leaves supply mats for roofing the houses; its kernel supplies oil; its shell makes water bowls, and the oil of the shell is used as an external application in certain skin affections, etc. It is all useful and supplies all the primitive wants and therefore was much cultivated by the Rishis (Saints) of old, who called it "kalpa taru," literally the tree that supplies all desires. Its presence therefore is auspicious.

Tree Design

Sometimes called the tree of life. Always associated with religious belief. It symbolizes Divine power…

A statesman, born in Oxford, Mass., Sept. 15, 1835. In 1856 he completed a course at Brown University, studied three years at the Harvard Law School, and after being admitted to the bar, developed a successful practice in Boston. In 1874 he entered the Massachusetts legislature, but soon after retired from public life to attend his extensive law practice, President Cleveland appointed him attorney-general in 1893, and in 1895 he became secretary of state as successor to Gresham, the duties of which office he administered with much ability.

Richard Olney

A statesman, born in Oxford, Mass., Sept. 15, 1835. In 1856 he completed a course at Brown University,…