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An illustration of a man facing the opposite direction.

Man

An illustration of a man facing the opposite direction.

An illustration of a pig with its head through a fence.

Pig

An illustration of a pig with its head through a fence.

"Cacatuo leadbeateri, Leadbeater's Cockatoo, has a red crest banded with yellow and tipped with white, and rosy tinge on the head and lower surface." A. H. Evans, 1900

Leadbeater's Cockatoo Sitting on a Tree Branch

"Cacatuo leadbeateri, Leadbeater's Cockatoo, has a red crest banded with yellow and tipped with white,…

"Leptosoma discolor, the Kiromobo or Vorondreo of Madagascar, and the Comoro Islands, which has a big crested head; a long, slightly hooked bill, overhung at the base by recurved loral feathers; linear nostrils, places far forward and covered by a partly reversible outer toe. The wings are moderate, having ten primaries and twelve secondaries; the long, square tail has twelve feathers; the tongue is tapering, horney and channeled; a large aftershaft is present is present, and there is a considerable powder-down patch on each side of the rump. The head is grey, glossed with copper and green, the neck duller; the upper parts are shining green and coppery-red, the under parts grey with white abdomen. The slightly larger female is reddish-brown above, with buff markings and only dull gloss; the head is chiefly lack, the lower surface fawn-coloured spotted with black." A. H. Evans, 1900

Kirombo

"Leptosoma discolor, the Kiromobo or Vorondreo of Madagascar, and the Comoro Islands, which has a big…

"Momotus brasiliensis, the Motmot, from Guiana to Northern Brazil, is somewhat similar in colour (to the Eumomota superciliaris), but has little red on the back; the head is cobalt-blue with black on the crown and sides; the under parts are green with rufous tinge. the long throat-feathers are black with light blue edges." A. H. Evans, 1900

Motmot

"Momotus brasiliensis, the Motmot, from Guiana to Northern Brazil, is somewhat similar in colour (to…

"Merops Apiaster, the Bee-eater, has ruddy-brown head, neck, upper back, and broad alar bar, buff lower back, green wings and tail with black tips to the long median rectrices, light blue upper tail-coverts, pale green and white forehead, black ear-coverts, and bright yellow throat, divided from the greenish-blue under parts by a black band." A. H. Evans, 1900

Bee Eater

"Merops Apiaster, the Bee-eater, has ruddy-brown head, neck, upper back, and broad alar bar, buff lower…

"Upupa epops, not unfrequently visits Britain, where it has nested on several occasions; it breeds from Southern Scandinavia to Northern Africa and the Atlantic Islands, migrating a little further south; while it extends through most of Asia and reaches Japan. The fine erectile crest, the head, neck, and lower parts are cinnamon-coloured; the remaining plumage is black, varied with buff and white; a band of the latter crosses the tail; and head plumes are tipped with black and white." A. H. Evans

Hoopoe

"Upupa epops, not unfrequently visits Britain, where it has nested on several occasions; it breeds from…

An illustration of a centered hair part.

Hair Part

An illustration of a centered hair part.

An illustration of the back of a man.

Back of Person

An illustration of the back of a man.

"Aithurus polytmus, the Long-tailed Hummingbird, peculiar to Jamaica, the two tail-feathers next to the outer pair are immensely elongated, and, after crossing one another, bend outwards in a curve; the lateral rectrices are bluish-black, as is the head with its divided crest; all the outer parts being luminous green, and the bill red with black tip. The female is chiefly green above and white below, with brownish brown." A. H. Evans, 1900

Long Tailed Hummingbird

"Aithurus polytmus, the Long-tailed Hummingbird, peculiar to Jamaica, the two tail-feathers next to…

"Colius capensis, or Cape Coly, has two stripes of black on the back enclosing one of white, the bare skin surrounding the eye is scarlet and bluish-grey everywhere else. The legs are red in life fading to buff after death." A. H. Evans, 1900

Cape Coly

"Colius capensis, or Cape Coly, has two stripes of black on the back enclosing one of white, the bare…

The Rytidoceros undulatus, Plait-billed Hornbill, or Wreathed Hornbill, has black wings, belly, and back. The male has a buff colored head with red plumes from the nape, a naked yellow gular pouch that has a black stripe. The female has a black head and neck with a blue gular pouch. The feet are black, the bill yellow, the the iris red.

Plait-billed Hornbill

The Rytidoceros undulatus, Plait-billed Hornbill, or Wreathed Hornbill, has black wings, belly, and…

"Dendrocopus minor, or Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, are the British representatives, The colours in this genus are black and white in varied proportions, with crimsons on the head and often on the lower parts; a small amount of buff and brown being not uncommonly added." A. H. Evans, 1900

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker

"Dendrocopus minor, or Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, are the British representatives, The colours in this…

An illustration of a top hat.

Top Hat

An illustration of a top hat.

An illustration of a face.

Head

An illustration of a face.

"I long to lay this aching head and wounded heart beneath the soil, To slumber in that dreamless bed from all my toil." -Trowbridge, 1866

Poetic Rebus

"I long to lay this aching head and wounded heart beneath the soil, To slumber in that dreamless bed…

"Picus martius, the Black Woodpecker, an inhabitant of the pine-forests of Europe and Asia to Japan, quite erroneously asserted to have occurred in England. The colour is black with exception of a red head, while the feathering extends down two-thirds of the metatarsus in front." A. H. Evans, 1900 Distinction between the male and the female can be seen on the crown. The male's is entirely red, while the female's shows just a touch of red on the tip.

The Great Black Woodpecker

"Picus martius, the Black Woodpecker, an inhabitant of the pine-forests of Europe and Asia to Japan,…

Pipra mentalis, the Red-capped Manakin, has black plumage with a red head, neck, and thighs.

Red-capped Manakin

Pipra mentalis, the Red-capped Manakin, has black plumage with a red head, neck, and thighs.

"Motacilla raii, the Yellow Wagtails, are generally black and white, grey and white, grey with a yellow breast (or even head), greenish with yellow lower parts and greyish or black heads, or almost entirely yelowish." A. H. Evans, 1900

Yellow Wagtail

"Motacilla raii, the Yellow Wagtails, are generally black and white, grey and white, grey with a yellow…

"Terpsiphone paradisi, Paradise Flycatchers, have fine crests, shorter in the female; while fleshy wattles, round or above the eye, of scarlet, blue, or yellow, are found. The bill is sometimes reddish or blue, and the inside of the mouth green or yellowish, as in certain Birds of Paradise. The female is rich bay above, with similar head, but grey cheeks and throat. In other species the males are said to be maroon, cinnamon, chestnut, blue-grey, or glossy-black above." A. H. Evans, 1900

Paradise Flycatcher

"Terpsiphone paradisi, Paradise Flycatchers, have fine crests, shorter in the female; while fleshy wattles,…

"Hirundo rustica, the Swallow, is metallic black, with a variable amount of chestnut or rufous on the head, rump, or lower surface; the last of these regions exhibiting much white or having a black pectoral band, while streaky markings are not uncommon." A. H. Evans

Swallow

"Hirundo rustica, the Swallow, is metallic black, with a variable amount of chestnut or rufous on the…

"Hypocolius ampelinus, Grey "Coly-Shrike", the plumage is soft, with characteristically stiff shafts on the lower back; the nostrils are nearly concealed by the feathers; the rictal bristles are feeble. The unusual coloration is either bluish-grey with a certain amount of black and white, or chiefly black and white. The black has generally a purplish or a greenish gloss; while barring occurs occasionally in the cocks, and much more commonly in the hens, where the tints are duller, the grey lighter, and the hue in some cases brown or even rufous. A. H. Evans, 1900

Two Grey "Coly-Shrike" Birds Sitting on Tree Branches

"Hypocolius ampelinus, Grey "Coly-Shrike", the plumage is soft, with characteristically stiff shafts…

"Panurus biarmicus, the "Bearded Tit" or "Reed-Pheasant" plumage is orange-brown above, with grey crown and a black streak from the lores down the cheeks, where the feathers are elongated and point backwards; the wings are varied with black and white; the throat is greyish, the breast pinkish; the abdomen coloured like the back; the under tail-coverts are black, the bill is yellow. The hen has a buff head, while she lacks the black "moustache" and under tail-coverts." A. H. Evans, 1900

Reed Pheasant

"Panurus biarmicus, the "Bearded Tit" or "Reed-Pheasant" plumage is orange-brown above, with grey crown…

"Diphyllodes magnifica, Magnificent Bird of Paradise, has a brown head and under surface, green throat and breast-shield, orange-brown back surmounted by a double cape of straw-yellow upon red-brown, and long, curved steel-blue head, with two lines of brown feathers crossing each other at right angles, and for its blue feet." A. H. Evans, 1900

Magnificent Bird of Paradise

"Diphyllodes magnifica, Magnificent Bird of Paradise, has a brown head and under surface, green throat…

"Mniotilta varia, the Black and White Warbler, The general coloration is olive-green, grey, or slaty-blue, with yellow or rarely orange under parts; chestnut marks, white wing-bands, and the like, occasionally relieving plumage. The head is particularly dark and streaky. Mniotilta, exhibits black and white stripes." A. H. Evans, 1900

Black and White Warbler

"Mniotilta varia, the Black and White Warbler, The general coloration is olive-green, grey, or slaty-blue,…

"Hesperornis regalis, (a fossilized restoration) which stood about three feet high, had blunt teeth in the grooves of both maxilla and mandible, the number being thirty or more below, but considerably less above, where they did not reach to the exterior extremity. The bill was long and pointed, the rami of the lower jaw being entirely separate; the head was rather small, the neck long, and the quadrate bone articulated with the skull by one knob only. The sternum was long, broad, and flat, without keel; the furcula was decidedly reduced, the metatarsus, being little more than a humerus; the tail was fairly long and broad, but had no pygostyle." A. H. Evans, 1900

The Restoration of the Hesperornis Regalis

"Hesperornis regalis, (a fossilized restoration) which stood about three feet high, had blunt teeth…

"Ichthyornis victor and I. dispar, ...were small forms of about the size of a Partridge, with the habits and appearance, it is presumed, of Terns or Gulls. The head was extremely large in proportion to the remainder of the skeleton; the beak was long and pointed, with entirely separate rami to the mandible; the sharp teeth, fixed regularly in distinct sockets, were inclined backwards, and occupied the whole of the lower and at least the posterior half of the upper jaw; the keel of the sternum was large and broad; the dorsal and cervico-dorsal vertebrae were biconcave. the quadrate articulated to the skull by one knob,... the metatarsus was short and the whole foot small; a furcula was probably present; the wings were well developed, indicating great powers of flight; while the tail was comparatively short, and ended in a pygostyle." A. H. Evans, 1900

Skeleton Head of a Ichthyornis

"Ichthyornis victor and I. dispar, ...were small forms of about the size of a Partridge, with the habits…

"And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and Jehovah caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them into the midst of the sea, all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. And it came to pass in the morning watch, that Jehovah looked forth upon the host of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and of cloud, and discomfited the host of the Egyptians. And he took off their chariot wheels, and they drove them heavily; so that the Egyptians said, Let us flee from the face of Israel; for Jehovah fighteth for them against the Egyptians. And Jehovah said unto Moses, Stretch out thy hand over the sea, that the waters may come again upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their horsemen. And Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it; and Jehovah overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea." Exodus 14:21-27 <p>The Israelites stand on dry land with their children and possessions as the sea swallows the Egyptian army. Moses stands in the middle holding his staff out toward the sea. The pillar of cloud separates the Israelites from the Egpytians.

Pharaoh's Host Destroyed

"And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and Jehovah caused the sea to go back by a strong east…

"Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, and his sword drawn in his hand: and he bowed down his head, and fell flat on his face. " Numbers 22:31 KJV

Balaam Met by the Angel of the Lord

"Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, and…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p>Non-Vocal Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb bent at right angles to the breath phalanx, or unaccented. Primary Consonant positions have only the first finger accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Non-Vocal Primary Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <P>Non-Vocal Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb bent at right angles to the breath phalanx, or unaccented. Mixed Consonant positions have the second, third, and fourth fingers accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Non-Vocal Mixed Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Non-Vocal Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb bent at right angles to the breath phalanx, or unaccented. Divided Consonant positions have the first and second fingers accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Non-Vocal Divided Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Non-Vocal Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb bent at right angles to the breath phalanx, or unaccented. Mixed-Divided Consonant positions have all of the fingers accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Non-Vocal Mixed-Divided Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Non-Vocal Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb bent at right angles to the breath phalanx, or unaccented. Shut Consonant positions do not have any of the fingers accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Non-Vocal Shut Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Non-Vocal Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb bent at right angles to the breath phalanx, or unaccented. Nasal Consonant positions have the breath phalanx of the thumb in the position to indicate Nasality. None of the fingers are accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Non-Vocal Nasal Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Vocalized Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb accented; that is, brought in line with the breath phalanx; this constitutes the only difference between the Vocalized and analogous Non-Vocal Consonant positions. Primary Consonant positions have only the first finger accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Vocalized Primary Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Vocalized Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb accented; that is, brought in line with the breath phalanx; this constitutes the only difference between the Vocalized and analogous Non-Vocal Consonant positions. Mixed Consonant positions have the second, third, and fourth fingers accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Vocalized Mixed Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Vocalized Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb accented; that is, brought in line with the breath phalanx; this constitutes the only difference between the Vocalized and analogous Non-Vocal Consonant positions. Divided Consonant positions have the first and second fingers accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Vocalized Divided Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Vocalized Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb accented; that is, brought in line with the breath phalanx; this constitutes the only difference between the Vocalized and analogous Non-Vocal Consonant positions. Mixed-Divided Consonant positions have all of the fingers accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Vocalized Mixed-Divided Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Vocalized Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb accented; that is, brought in line with the breath phalanx; this constitutes the only difference between the Vocalized and analogous Non-Vocal Consonant positions. Shut Consonant positions do not have any of the fingers accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Vocalized Shut Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Vocalized Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb accented; that is, brought in line with the breath phalanx; this constitutes the only difference between the Vocalized and analogous Non-Vocal Consonant positions. Nasal Consonant positions have the breath phalanx of the thumb in the position to indicate Nasality. None of the fingers are accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Vocalized Nasal Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Non-Vocal Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb bent at right angles to the breath phalanx, or unaccented. Primary Consonant positions have only the first finger accented. Throat Consonant positions differ from those of the Back in having the index and center fingers separated.

Non-Vocal Primary Throat Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Non-Vocal Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb bent at right angles to the breath phalanx, or unaccented. Primary Consonant positions have only the first finger accented. Throat Consonant positions differ from those of the Back in having the index and center fingers separated.

Non-Vocal Primary Throat Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Non-Vocal Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb bent at right angles to the breath phalanx, or unaccented. Shut Consonant positions do not have any of the fingers accented. Throat Consonant positions differ from those of the Back in having the index and center fingers separated.

Non-Vocal Shut Throat Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Vocalized Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb accented; that is, brought in line with the breath phalanx; this constitutes the only difference between the Vocalized and analogous Non-Vocal Consonant positions. Primary Consonant positions have only the first finger accented. Throat Consonant positions differ from those of the Back in having the index and center fingers separated.

Vocalized Primary Throat Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperture consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Breath-Glide - A transitional aspiration, of organic quality corresponding to that of the adjoining elements [a soft effect of the Consonants, back primary; top primary; Point primary; Lip primary; etc.]. Although this glide has no fixed abiding place, and is of a somewhat variable organic formation, in its effect it is very closely allied to the Throat consonant aspirate, and is therefore represented with a posterior position of the palm and a separation of the index and center fingers, which are characteristic features of Throat positions. This is the only Non-Vocal glide, and hence is the only one in the representation of which the voice phalanx is unaccented.

Breath-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. Back-Glide &ndash; A semi-vowelized sound of the Vocalized back primary consonant.

Back-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. Back Mixed-Glide &ndash; A semi-vowelized sound of the Vocalized back Mixed consonant.

Back Mixed-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. In Primary Vowel positions the accented voice phalanx of the thumb and the terminal phalanx of the accented finger overlap. None of the unaccented fingers are straightened. High Vowels have the third finger accented

Normal Aperture Back Primary High Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. In Primary Vowel positions the accented voice phalanx of the thumb and the terminal phalanx of the accented finger overlap. None of the unaccented fingers are straightened. Mid Vowels have the center finger accented.

Normal Aperture Back Primary Mid Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. In Primary Vowel positions the accented voice phalanx of the thumb and the terminal phalanx of the accented finger overlap. None of the unaccented fingers are straightened. Low Vowels have the first or index finger accented.

Normal Aperture Back Primary Low Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. Wide Vowel positions differ from analogous Primary Vowel positions by having straightened unaccented fingers, to denote "Wide." High Vowels have the third finger accented

Normal Aperture Back Wide High Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. Wide Vowel positions differ from analogous Primary Vowel positions by having straightened unaccented fingers, to denote "Wide." Mid Vowels have the center finger accented.

Normal Aperture Back Wide Mid Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. Wide Vowel positions differ from analogous Primary Vowel positions by having straightened unaccented fingers, to denote "Wide." Low Vowels have the first or index finger accented.

Normal Aperture Back Wide Low Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Round Vowels differ visibly from normal aperture Vowels by having a contraction of the Lip aperture. This is shown by bringing the terminal phalanges of the thumb and the accented finger together so as to form an outline which is approximately round. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. In Primary Vowel positions the accented voice phalanx of the thumb and the terminal phalanx of the accented finger overlap. None of the unaccented fingers are straightened. High Vowels have the third finger accented

Round Back Primary High Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Round Vowels differ visibly from normal aperture Vowels by having a contraction of the Lip aperture. This is shown by bringing the terminal phalanges of the thumb and the accented finger together so as to form an outline which is approximately round. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. In Primary Vowel positions the accented voice phalanx of the thumb and the terminal phalanx of the accented finger overlap. None of the unaccented fingers are straightened. Mid Vowels have the center finger accented.

Round Back Primary Mid Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Round Vowels differ visibly from normal aperture Vowels by having a contraction of the Lip aperture. This is shown by bringing the terminal phalanges of the thumb and the accented finger together so as to form an outline which is approximately round. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. In Primary Vowel positions the accented voice phalanx of the thumb and the terminal phalanx of the accented finger overlap. None of the unaccented fingers are straightened. Low Vowels have the first or index finger accented.

Round Back Primary Low Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Round Vowels differ visibly from normal aperture Vowels by having a contraction of the Lip aperture. This is shown by bringing the terminal phalanges of the thumb and the accented finger together so as to form an outline which is approximately round. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. Wide Vowel positions differ from analogous Primary Vowel positions by having straightened unaccented fingers, to denote "Wide." High Vowels have the third finger accented

Round Back Wide High Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Round Vowels differ visibly from normal aperture Vowels by having a contraction of the Lip aperture. This is shown by bringing the terminal phalanges of the thumb and the accented finger together so as to form an outline which is approximately round. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. Wide Vowel positions differ from analogous Primary Vowel positions by having straightened unaccented fingers, to denote "Wide." Mid Vowels have the center finger accented.

Round Back Wide Mid Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation. &hellip; in representing vowels the hand suggests a wide and firm channel, by having the accented finger bent and its terminal phalanx brought firmly in contact with the terminal phalanx of the thumb. <p> Vowel positions are distinguished by always having the voice phalanx of the thumb accented and in contact with the terminal phalanx of the accented finger. This kind of accent is the strongest which can be given a finger, and so always takes precedence. Two modes of accentuation may not co-exist. Round Vowels differ visibly from normal aperture Vowels by having a contraction of the Lip aperture. This is shown by bringing the terminal phalanges of the thumb and the accented finger together so as to form an outline which is approximately round. Back Vowels have the palm in the posterior position. Wide Vowel positions differ from analogous Primary Vowel positions by having straightened unaccented fingers, to denote "Wide." Low Vowels have the first or index finger accented.

Round Back Wide Low Vowel

Vowels have a wide, firm, and free channel, whereby the breath is modified without friction or sibilation.…