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"Homer describes in various passages an entire suit of armour, and we observe that it consisted of the same portions which were used by the Greek soldiers ever after. Moreover, the order of putting them on is always the same. The heavy-armed warrior, having already a tunic around his body, and preparing for combat, puts on-1. his greaves; 2. his cuirass; 3. his sword, hung on the left side of his body by means of a belt which passed over the right shoulder; 4. the large round shield, supported in the same manner; 5. his helmet; 6. he took his spear." — Smith, 1873

Arma

"Homer describes in various passages an entire suit of armour, and we observe that it consisted of the…

"Homer describes in various passages an entire suit of armour, and we observe that it consisted of the same portions which were used by the Greek soldiers ever after. Moreover, the order of putting them on is always the same. The heavy-armed warrior, having already a tunic around his body, and preparing for combat, puts on-1. his greaves; 2. his cuirass; 3. his sword, hung on the left side of his body by means of a belt which passed over the right shoulder; 4. the large round shield, supported in the same manner; 5. his helmet; 6. he took his spear." — Smith, 1873

Arma

"Homer describes in various passages an entire suit of armour, and we observe that it consisted of the…

"A beaker or drinking-cup, which was used by the Greeks in very early times. The same term was used to designate the tops of a ship, that is, the structure surrounding the mast immediately above the yard, into which the mariners ascended in order to manage the sail. This was probably called carchesium on account of its resemblance in form to the cup of the name. The ceruchi, or other tackle, may have been fastened to its lateral projections, which corresponded to the handles of the cup." — Smith, 1873;

Carchesium

"A beaker or drinking-cup, which was used by the Greeks in very early times. The same term was used…

"Ranunculus, buttercup, crowfoot; the typical genus of the order Ranunculaceæ. Known species about 160, from temperate regions. Many have much divided leaves."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Ranunculus

"Ranunculus, buttercup, crowfoot; the typical genus of the order Ranunculaceæ. Known species about…

"Salamander is a genus of reptiles closely allied to the frog, from which it differs in having an elongated body terminated by a tail, and four feet of equal length. Together with the frog, this genus is included under the order Batrachia, and is easily distinguished from the lizards by having no nails on the toes, a naked skin destitute of scales, and a heart with a single auricle. "—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Salamander

"Salamander is a genus of reptiles closely allied to the frog, from which it differs in having an elongated…

"Saturn is the 6th of the major planets in order of distance from the sun, and the outermost known to the ancients. Its mean diameter is about 70,000 miles, its mean distance from the sun somewhat more than 872,000,000 miles, and its year or periodical revolution around the sun nearly twenty-nine and one-half years. Its mass is about 90 times that of the earth. Saturn is attended by ten satellites and surrounded by a system of flat rings, which are now supposed to be an immense multitude of small satellites mixed probably with vaporous matter."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Saturn

"Saturn is the 6th of the major planets in order of distance from the sun, and the outermost known to…

"Smelting is the act or process of obtaining metal from ore by the combined action of heat, air, and fluxes. In smelting iron the ore is first roasted in a kiln in order to drive off the water, sulphur, and arsenic with which it is more or less combined in its native state, and is then subjected to the heat of a blast furnace along with certain proportions of coke or coal and limestone, varying according to the composition of the ore to be heated."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hot Blast Smelting Furnace

"Smelting is the act or process of obtaining metal from ore by the combined action of heat, air, and…

"Soapwort (Saponaria), a genus of plants of the natural order Caryophyllaceæ; so called because the bruised leaves produce a lather like soap when agitated in the water. Common soapwort grows by the roadside in the United States from New England to Georgia. It is a native of many parts of Europe, and is found on way sides, river banks, and thickets; in Great Britain it is found in alluvial meadows and under hedges. It has handsome pink-like flowers."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Soapwort

"Soapwort (Saponaria), a genus of plants of the natural order Caryophyllaceæ; so called because…

"Spoonbill is the popular name of the birds of the genus Platalea, belonging to the heron family (Ardeidæ), order Grallatores, from the shape of the bill, which is somewhat like a spoon, being curiously widened out at the tip. Live in society in wooded marshes, and on the sea-shore. Adult male is about 32 inches long; plumage white with pale pink tinge; at the junction of the neck with the breast there is a band of buffy yellow; the naked skin on the throat is yellow; legs and feet black; bill about eight inches long, very much flattened and grooved at the base, the expanded portion yellow, the rest black. There is a white occipital crest in both sexes. The spoonbill possesses no power of modulating its voice. The windpipe is bent on itself, like the figure 8 , the coils applied to each other and held in place by a thin membrane. This peculiarity does not exist in young birds. The roseate spoonbill, a native of the United States, has rose-colored plumage."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Spoonbill

"Spoonbill is the popular name of the birds of the genus Platalea, belonging to the heron family (Ardeidæ),…

The system of encampment among the romans was one of singular regularity and order.

Castra

The system of encampment among the romans was one of singular regularity and order.

"The thongs or bands of leather, which were tied round the hands of boxers, in order to render their blows more powerful. The cestus was used by boxers in the earliest times, and is mentioned in he Iliad; but in the heroic times it consisted merely of thongs of leather, and differed from the cestos used in later times in the public games, which was a most formidable weapon, being frequently covered with knots and nails, and loaded with lead and iron." — Smith, 1873

Cestus

"The thongs or bands of leather, which were tied round the hands of boxers, in order to render their…

"A boot. Its essential distinction was its height; it rose above the middle of the leg, so as to surround the calf, and sometimes it reached as high as the knees. It was worn principally by horsemen, by hunters, and by men of rank and authority. The sole of the cothurnus was commonly of the ordinary thickness; but it was sometimes made much thicker than usual, probably by the insertion of slices of cork. The object was, to add to the apparent stature of the wearer; and this was done in the case of the actors in Athenian tragedy, who had the soles made unusually thick as one of the methods adopted in order to magnify their whole appearance. Hence tragedy in general was called cothurnus. As the cothurnus was commonly worn in hunting, it is represented as part of the costume of Diana. The preceding cut shows two cothurni, both taken from statues of Diana." — Smith, 1873

Cothurnus

"A boot. Its essential distinction was its height; it rose above the middle of the leg, so as to surround…

"The Theseum is situated on a height to the north of the Areopagus, and was built to receive the bones of Theseus, which Cimon brought from Seyros in B.C. 469. It was probably finished about 465, and is the best preserved of all the monuments of ancient Athens. It was at once a tomb and a temple, and possessed the privileges of an asylum. It is of the Doric order, 104 feet in length by 45 feet broad, and surrounded with columns." — Smith, 1882

Thesium restored

"The Theseum is situated on a height to the north of the Areopagus, and was built to receive the bones…

"The Parthenon stood on this highest part of the Acropolis, near its centre, and probably occupied the site of an earlier temple destroyed by the Persians. It was entirely of Pentelic marble, on a rustic basement of ordinary limestone, and its architecture, which was of the Doric order, was of purest kind." — Smith, 1882

Parthenon restored

"The Parthenon stood on this highest part of the Acropolis, near its centre, and probably occupied the…

"The building of the new Erechtheum was not commenced till the Parthenon and Propylea were finished, and probably not before the year preceding the breaking out of the Peloponnesian war. Its progress was no doubt delayed by that event, and it was probably not completed before 393 B.C. When finished it presented one of the finest models of the Ionic order, as the Parthenon was of the Doric. It stood to the north of the Acropolis." — Smith, 1882

Erechtheum restored

"The building of the new Erechtheum was not commenced till the Parthenon and Propylea were finished,…

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes the China plant, and the indigenous Assam plant. At one time it was supposed that two Chinese species were grown of which one furnished the black tea and the other the green tea of commerce, but further research has shown that these species cannot be maintained. Whether the tea shrub is indigenous in China and Japan is a doubtful question. The fact has been historically established that the culture of tea existed in China in the 4th century, and in Japan in the 9th century, and from these countries it was exclusively obtained for any other part of the globe till the time of the present generation. The discovery of the indigenous plant in the forest country of Upper Assam was made in 1834, and since 1840 its cultivation there has taken very firm root."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tea Plant

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes the China…

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes the China plant, and the indigenous Assam plant. At one time it was supposed that two Chinese species were grown of which one furnished the black tea and the other the green tea of commerce, but further research has shown that these species cannot be maintained. Whether the tea shrub is indigenous in China and Japan is a doubtful question. The fact has been historically established that the culture of tea existed in China in the 4th century, and in Japan in the 9th century, and from these countries it was exclusively obtained for any other part of the globe till the time of the present generation. The discovery of the indigenous plant in the forest country of Upper Assam was made in 1834, and since 1840 its cultivation there has taken very firm root."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tea Flower

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes…

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes the China plant, and the indigenous Assam plant. At one time it was supposed that two Chinese species were grown of which one furnished the black tea and the other the green tea of commerce, but further research has shown that these species cannot be maintained. Whether the tea shrub is indigenous in China and Japan is a doubtful question. The fact has been historically established that the culture of tea existed in China in the 4th century, and in Japan in the 9th century, and from these countries it was exclusively obtained for any other part of the globe till the time of the present generation. The discovery of the indigenous plant in the forest country of Upper Assam was made in 1834, and since 1840 its cultivation there has taken very firm root."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tea Fruit

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes…

"'Exulting in the tawny covering of a she-wolf, such as his foster-parent was.' Alluding to the custom on the part of the ancient heroes of arraying themselves in the skins of wild animals, in order to strike more terror into the foe and of either making a part of the hide answer the purposes of a helmet, or decking the helmet with it, <em>Genetricis</em>." — Anthon, 1891

Greek soldiers

"'Exulting in the tawny covering of a she-wolf, such as his foster-parent was.' Alluding to the custom…

A genus of plants of natural order Scropulariace&aelig;. having a tubular calyx, the upper lip of the corolla divided, the lower of three nearly equal lobes, the cells of the athers spurred at the base, a two-celled capsule and striated seeds.

Eyebright

A genus of plants of natural order Scropulariaceæ. having a tubular calyx, the upper lip of the…

"Sceptrum, which originally denoted a simple staff or walking stick, was emblematic of station and authority. In ancient authors the sceptre is represented as belonging more especially to kings, princes, and leaders of tribes: but it is also borne by judges, by heralds, and by priests and seers. The sceptre descended from father to son, and might be committed to any one in order to express the transfer of authority. Those who bore the sceptre swore by it, solemnly taking it in the right hand and raising it towards heaven. The following cut, representing Aeneas followed by Ascanius and carrying off his father Anchises, who holds the sceptre in his right hand, shows its form as worn by kings. The ivory sceptre of the kings of Rome, which descended to the consuls, was surmounted by an eagle." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Sceptrum

"Sceptrum, which originally denoted a simple staff or walking stick, was emblematic of station and authority.…

"The cestus was used by boxers from the earliest times. It consisted of thongs of raw ox-hide, or of leather, tied round the hands of pugilists, in order to render their blows more powerful. Sometimes these bands were tied round the arms as high as the elbow." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Boxer with cestus

"The cestus was used by boxers from the earliest times. It consisted of thongs of raw ox-hide, or of…

"Raise the arm laterally until horizontal; carry it to a vertical position above the head and swing it several times between the vertical and horizontal positions." &— Moss, 1914

Squads Right, March

"Raise the arm laterally until horizontal; carry it to a vertical position above the head and swing…

"Raise the arm laterally until horizontal; carry it downward to the side and swing it several times between the downward and horizontal positions." — Anthon, 1891

Squads Left, March

"Raise the arm laterally until horizontal; carry it downward to the side and swing it several times…

"Extend the arm vertically above the head; carry it laterally downward to the side and swing it several times between the vertical and downward positions." — Moss, 1914

Squad Right About, March

"Extend the arm vertically above the head; carry it laterally downward to the side and swing it several…

At the command right, turn the head to the right oblique, eyes fixed on the line of eyes of the men in, or supposed to be in, the same rank." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Eyes right

At the command right, turn the head to the right oblique, eyes fixed on the line of eyes of the men…

"In resuming the order from any position in the manual, the motion next to the last concludes with the butt of the piece about 3 inches from the ground, barrel to the rear, the left hand above and near the right, steadying the piece, fingers extended and joined, forearm and wrist straight and inclining downward, all fingers of the right hand grasping the piece." — Moss, 1914

Soldier with Rifle

"In resuming the order from any position in the manual, the motion next to the last concludes with the…

"The butt rests evenly on the ground, barrel to the rear, toe of the butt on a line with toe of, and touhcing, the right shoe, arm and hands hanging naturally right hand holding the piece between the thumb and fingers." — Moss, 1914

Order Arms Standing

"The butt rests evenly on the ground, barrel to the rear, toe of the butt on a line with toe of, and…

Emperor Meiji (November 3, 1852 – July 30, 1912), or Meiji the Great, was the 122nd Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from February 3, 1867 until his death on July 30, 1912. His personal name, which is not used in any formal or official context, was Mutsuhito.

Emperor Meiji

Emperor Meiji (November 3, 1852 – July 30, 1912), or Meiji the Great, was the 122nd Emperor of Japan…

"Kneel on right knee, sitting as nearly as possible on the right heel; left forearm across left thigh; piece remains in position of order arms, right hand grasping it above lower band." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Kneel

"Kneel on right knee, sitting as nearly as possible on the right heel; left forearm across left thigh;…

"When publishing orderes, calling the roll, etc., the saber is held suspended from the right wrist by the saber knot, when the saber knot is used it is placed on the wrist before drawing saber and taken off after returning saber." — Moss, 1914

Drawn Saber

"When publishing orderes, calling the roll, etc., the saber is held suspended from the right wrist by…

"When arms are brought to the order the officers or enlisted men with the saber drawn <em>order saber</em>." — Moss, 1914

Drawn Saber

"When arms are brought to the order the officers or enlisted men with the saber drawn order saber."…

"At the command <em>attention</em> resume the order saber and the position of the soldier." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Attention

"At the command attention resume the order saber and the position of the soldier." —…

"The force of the thrust is delivered principally with the right arm, the left being used to direct the bayonet. The points at which the attack should be directed are, in order of their importance, stomach, chest, head, neck, and limbs." — Moss, 1914

Bayonet Thrust

"The force of the thrust is delivered principally with the right arm, the left being used to direct…

"Being at <em>club rifle</em>, order arms is resumed by command." — Moss, 1914

Club Rifle

"Being at club rifle, order arms is resumed by command." — Moss, 1914

"Being at <em>club rifle</em>, order arms is resumed by command." — Moss, 1914

Club Rifle

"Being at club rifle, order arms is resumed by command." — Moss, 1914

An instrument having a little wheel, with sharp points, worn on a horseman's heels, to prick a horse in order to hasten his pace.

Spur

An instrument having a little wheel, with sharp points, worn on a horseman's heels, to prick a horse…

Civil officers of a city organized to preserve good order.

Police

Civil officers of a city organized to preserve good order.

"The maple spot gall, so common on the leaves of the red maple, is made by the fungus-gnat of the order Diptera." &mdash; Davison, 1906

Maple spot gall

"The maple spot gall, so common on the leaves of the red maple, is made by the fungus-gnat of the order…

"The prism of the first order consists of four rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects the two horizontal crystallographic axes equally." &mdash; Ford, 1912

First order prism

"The prism of the first order consists of four rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects…

"The prism of the second order consists of four rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects one horizontal crystallographic axis and is parallel to the other two axes." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Second order prism

"The prism of the second order consists of four rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects…

"The pyramid of the first order is a form consisting of eight isoceles triangular faces, each of which interesects all three crystallographic axes, the intercepts upon the two horizontal axes being equal." &mdash; Ford, 1912

First order pyramid

"The pyramid of the first order is a form consisting of eight isoceles triangular faces, each of which…

"The pyramid of the second order is a form composed of eight isoceles triangular faces, each of which intersects one horizontal axis and the vertical axis and is parallel to the second horizontal axis." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Second order pyramid

"The pyramid of the second order is a form composed of eight isoceles triangular faces, each of which…

"It consists of four isoceles triangular faces which intersect all three of the crystallographic axes, the intercepts on the two horizontal axes being equal. The faces correspond in their position to the alternating faces of the tetragonal pyramid of the first order." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Sphenoid

"It consists of four isoceles triangular faces which intersect all three of the crystallographic axes,…

"It consists of four isoceles triangular faces which intersect all three of the crystallographic axes, the intercepts on the two horizontal axes being equal. The faces correspond in their position to the alternating faces of the tetragonal pyramid of the first order." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Sphenoid

"It consists of four isoceles triangular faces which intersect all three of the crystallographic axes,…

"It consists of four isoceles triangular faces which intersect all three of the crystallographic axes, the intercepts on the two horizontal axes being equal. The faces correspond in their position to the alternating faces of the tetragonal pyramid of the first order. There maybe different sphenoids, depending upon their varying intersections with the vertical axes. There may also be a positive and a negative sphenoid, the combination of the two being represented." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Sphenoid, positive and negative

"It consists of four isoceles triangular faces which intersect all three of the crystallographic axes,…

"A crystal of scapolite, upon which the faces of the third-order pyramid are shown." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Scapolite

"A crystal of scapolite, upon which the faces of the third-order pyramid are shown." — Ford, 1912

"This is a form consisting of six rectangular vertical faces each of which intersects two of the horizontal axes equally and the intermediate horizontal axis at one-half this distance." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Prism of the first order

"This is a form consisting of six rectangular vertical faces each of which intersects two of the horizontal…

"This is a form consisting of six rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects two of the horizontal axes equally and the immediate horizontal axis at one half this distance." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Prism of the second order

"This is a form consisting of six rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects two of the horizontal…

"This form consists of twelve isoceles triangular faces, each of which intersects two of the horizontal crystallographic axes equally, is parallel to the third horizontal axis and intersects the vertical axis." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Pyramid of the first order

"This form consists of twelve isoceles triangular faces, each of which intersects two of the horizontal…

"This is a form composed of twelve isoceles triangular faces, each of which intersects two of the horizontal axes equally, the third and immediate horizontal axis at one-half this distance, and also intersects the vertical axis." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Pyramid of the second order

"This is a form composed of twelve isoceles triangular faces, each of which intersects two of the horizontal…

"A complex crystal of apatite with the faces of a third-order pyramid upon it." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Apatite

"A complex crystal of apatite with the faces of a third-order pyramid upon it." — Ford, 1912

"The rhombohedron is a form consists of six rhombic-shaped faces, which correspond in their position to the alternate faces of a hexagonal pyramid of the first order. There may be two different orientations of rhombohedron. A positive rhombohedron is shown." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Positive rhombohedron

"The rhombohedron is a form consists of six rhombic-shaped faces, which correspond in their position…

"The rhombohedron is a form consists of six rhombic-shaped faces, which correspond in their position to the alternate faces of a hexagonal pyramid of the first order. There may be two different orientations of rhombohedron. A negative rhombohedron is shown." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Negative rhombohedron

"The rhombohedron is a form consists of six rhombic-shaped faces, which correspond in their position…

"Hexagonal. Strong prismatic habit. Frequently vertically striated and grooved. Forms usually present consist only of prism of first order and base." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Beryl

"Hexagonal. Strong prismatic habit. Frequently vertically striated and grooved. Forms usually present…

"Hexagonal. Strong prismatic habit. Frequently vertically striated and grooved. Forms usually present consist only of prism of first order and base. Small pyramid faces of both the first and second orders sometimes occur, but the pyramid faces are rarely prominent." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Beryl

"Hexagonal. Strong prismatic habit. Frequently vertically striated and grooved. Forms usually present…

"Tetragonal; tripyramidal. Crystals usually prismatic. Prominent forms are prisms of the first and second order, pyramid of first." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Wernerite

"Tetragonal; tripyramidal. Crystals usually prismatic. Prominent forms are prisms of the first and second…

"Tetragonal; tripyramidal. Crystals usually prismatic. Prominent forms are prisms of the first and second order, pyramid of first. Rarely shows the faces of the pyramid of the third order." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Wernerite

"Tetragonal; tripyramidal. Crystals usually prismatic. Prominent forms are prisms of the first and second…

"Tetragonal. Prismatic in habit. Often vertically striated. Common forms are prisms of first and second orders, pyramid of first order and base." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Vesuvianite

"Tetragonal. Prismatic in habit. Often vertically striated. Common forms are prisms of first and second…

"Tetragonal. Prismatic in habit. Often vertically striated. Common forms are prisms of first and second orders, pyramid of first order and base." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Vesuvianite

"Tetragonal. Prismatic in habit. Often vertically striated. Common forms are prisms of first and second…