ClipArt ETC
Janus, the Roman god, seated.

Janus

Janus, the Roman god, seated.

An old Roman plow.

Roman plow

An old Roman plow.

The Palladium, an ancient statue.

The Palladium

The Palladium, an ancient statue.

"Elated by the victory, the Romans now determined to drive Carthage out of the island altogether. This, however, could not be accomplished without a fleet. Such ships as Rome possessed were old and out of date, and a wrecked Carthaginian galley was taken as a model for the new fleet." — The Delphian Society, 1913

Roman galley

"Elated by the victory, the Romans now determined to drive Carthage out of the island altogether. This,…

A Roman aqudect.

Roman aqueduct

A Roman aqudect.

A hinge or pivot. The first figure, in the annexed woodcut, is designed to show the general form of a door, as we find it with a pivot at the top and bottom in ancient remains of stone, marble, wood, and bronze. The second figure represents a bronze hinge in the Egyptian collection of the British Museum: its pivot is exactly cylindrical. Under these is drawn the threshhold of a temple, or other large edifice, with the plan of the folding-doors. The pivots move in holes fitted to receive them, each of which is in an angle behind the antepagmentum. The Greeks and Romans also used hinges exactly like those now in common use. Four Roman hinges of bronze, preserved in the British Museum, are shown in the following woodcut.

Cardo

A hinge or pivot. The first figure, in the annexed woodcut, is designed to show the general form of…

"A cart; also a two-wheeled carriage enclosed, and with an arched or sloping cover overhead. The carpentum was used to convey the Roman matrons in the public festal processions; and, as this was a high distinction, the privilege of riding in a carpentum on such occasions was allowed to particular females by special grant of the senate. This carriage contained seats for two, and sometimes for three persons, besides the coachman. It was commonly drawn by a pair of mules, but more rarely by oxen or horses, and sometimes by four horses like a quadriga. Carpenta, or covered carts, were much used by the Britons, the Gauls, and other northern nations. These, together with the carts of the more common form, including baggage waggons, appear to have been comprehended under the term carri, or carra, which is the Celtic name with a Latin termination. The Guals took a great multitude of them on their military expeditions, and when they were uncamped, arranged them in close oder, so as to form extensive lines of circumvallation." — Smith, 1873

Carpentum

"A cart; also a two-wheeled carriage enclosed, and with an arched or sloping cover overhead. The carpentum…

"A light open carriage with two wheels, adapted to carry two persons rapidly from place to place. The cisia were quickly drawn by mules. Cicero mentions the case of a messenger who travelled 56 miles in 10 hours in such vehicles, which were kept for hire at the stations along the great roads; a proof that the ancients considered six Roman miles per hour as an extraordinary speed." — Smith, 1873

Cisium

"A light open carriage with two wheels, adapted to carry two persons rapidly from place to place. The…

"The large shield worn by the Greeks and Romans, which was originally of the circular form, and is said to have been first used by Proetus and Acrisius or Argos, and therefore is called clipeus Argolicus, and likened to the sun. But the clipeus is often represented in Roman sculpture of an oblong oval, which makes the distinction between the common buckler and that of Argos." — Smith, 1873

Clipeus

"The large shield worn by the Greeks and Romans, which was originally of the circular form, and is said…

"The large shield worn by the Greeks and Romans, which was originally of the circular form, and is said to have been first used by Proetus and Acrisius or Argos, and therefore is called clipeus Argolicus, and likened to the sun. But the clipeus is often represented in Roman sculpture of an oblong oval, which makes the distinction between the common buckler and that of Argos." — Smith, 1873

Clipeus

"The large shield worn by the Greeks and Romans, which was originally of the circular form, and is said…

"A Greek and Roman liquid measure, containing one-twelfth of the sextarius, or .0825 of a pint English. The form of the cyathus used at banquets was that of a small ladle, by means of which the wine was conveyed into the drinking-cups from the large vessel in which it was mixed. Two of these cyathi are represented in this following woodcut." — Smith, 1873.

Cyathus

"A Greek and Roman liquid measure, containing one-twelfth of the sextarius, or .0825 of a pint English.…

"A musical instrument, in the shape of two half globes, which were held one in each hand of the performer, and played by being struck against each other. The cymbal was a very ancient instrument, being used in the worship of Cybele, Bacchus, Juno, and all the earlier deities of the Grecian and Roman mythology. It probably came from the east. for sistrum, which some have regerred to the class of cymbala." — Smith, 1873.

Cymbalum

"A musical instrument, in the shape of two half globes, which were held one in each hand of the performer,…

"A rider in the Roman games, who generally rode two horses at the same time, sitting on them without a saddle, and vaulting upon either of them at is pleasure. The annexed woodcut shows three figures of desultores." — Smith, 1873.

Desultor

"A rider in the Roman games, who generally rode two horses at the same time, sitting on them without…

"An artificial channel formed to carry off any stagnany body of water, like the sluices in modern use. Some works of this kind are among the most remarkable efforts of Roman ingenuity. That through which the waters of the lake Fucinus discharged themselves into the Liris, is represented in the preceding woodcut." — Smith, 1873.

Emissarium

"An artificial channel formed to carry off any stagnany body of water, like the sluices in modern use.…

"An ancient Greek or Roman temple, of rectangular construction, is terminated at its upper extremity by a triangular figure, both in front and rear, which rests upon the cornice of the entablature as a base, and has its sides formed by the cornices which terminate the roof. The whole of this triangle above the trabeation is implied in the term fastigium." — Smith, 1873.

Fastigium

"An ancient Greek or Roman temple, of rectangular construction, is terminated at its upper extremity…

Statue of Hermes (Mercury).

Hermes

Statue of Hermes (Mercury).

"Athena (Minerva) superintending the building of the Argo." — Smith, 1882

Athena and Argo

"Athena (Minerva) superintending the building of the Argo." — Smith, 1882

A Roman doodad.

Roman doodad

A Roman doodad.

"The Palantine from the Aventine." — Young, 1901

Palatine

"The Palantine from the Aventine." — Young, 1901

"The columns of <em>cipollino</em>, which belonged to the Palace of Domitian." &mdash; Young, 1901

Columns of Domitian

"The columns of cipollino, which belonged to the Palace of Domitian." — Young, 1901

"The Round temple in the Piazza Bocca Della Verita." &mdash; Young, 1901

Round temple

"The Round temple in the Piazza Bocca Della Verita." — Young, 1901

"The Municipal Arms of Rome." &mdash; Young, 1901

Arms of Rome

"The Municipal Arms of Rome." — Young, 1901

"This arch is the most modern and the best preseved of all the buildings which remain of the Imperial period. Probably it owes its preservation to the Christianity of its hero." — Young, 1901

Arch of Constantine

"This arch is the most modern and the best preseved of all the buildings which remain of the Imperial…

"In the time of Trajan, the Arch of titus and the Colossus of Nero (a gilt bronze statue 120 feet high), stood near the site now occupied by the church of S. Francesca Romana. They were removed by Hadrian to make room for the Temple of Venus and Rome, the arch being placed in its present position, and the colossus on the large square pedestal near the Colosseum, of which some remains may be still identified." — Young, 1901

Arch of Titus

"In the time of Trajan, the Arch of titus and the Colossus of Nero (a gilt bronze statue 120 feet high),…

"Columns of Temple of Castor, Temple of Augustus, and Palatine Hill." &mdash; Young, 1901

Columns of Temple of Castor

"Columns of Temple of Castor, Temple of Augustus, and Palatine Hill." — Young, 1901

"Temple of Saturn, Tabularium and Tower of Capitol." &mdash; Young, 1901

Temple of Saturn

"Temple of Saturn, Tabularium and Tower of Capitol." — Young, 1901

"Statue of St Peter in the Bascilica." — Young, 1901

Statue of St Peter

"Statue of St Peter in the Bascilica." — Young, 1901

"Campanile and Facade of SS Giovanni E Paolo." — Young, 1901

Campanile

"Campanile and Facade of SS Giovanni E Paolo." — Young, 1901

"On the walls near the lantern." — Young, 1901

Woman Leaning on Wall

"On the walls near the lantern." — Young, 1901

"Porta San Paolo" — Young, 1901

Porta San Paolo

"Porta San Paolo" — Young, 1901

"The ruined aqueducts in the Campagna." &mdash; Young, 1901

Ruined aqueducts

"The ruined aqueducts in the Campagna." — Young, 1901

"S. Francesca Romana from the Palatine." &mdash; Young, 1901

S. Francesca Romana

"S. Francesca Romana from the Palatine." — Young, 1901

"The Benedictine system enjoined three virtues as essential; solitude, humility, and obedience." &mdash; Young, 1901

Cloister of the Lateran

"The Benedictine system enjoined three virtues as essential; solitude, humility, and obedience." —…

"Arch of Severus, Column of Phocas, and S. Martina." &mdash; Young, 1901

Arch of Severus

"Arch of Severus, Column of Phocas, and S. Martina." — Young, 1901

"Equestrian state of Marcus Aurelius." &mdash; Young, 1901

Statue of Marcus Aurelius

"Equestrian state of Marcus Aurelius." — Young, 1901

"Arms of Benedict XIV (Lambertini)." &mdash; Young, 1901

Benedict XIV

"Arms of Benedict XIV (Lambertini)." — Young, 1901

"A Skyline from the Sette Salle." &mdash; Young, 1901

Roman skyline

"A Skyline from the Sette Salle." — Young, 1901

"Candelabrum in S. Paolo Fuori." &mdash; Young, 1901

Candelabrum

"Candelabrum in S. Paolo Fuori." — Young, 1901

"S. Sominic's Orange Tree, with Campanile of S. Alessio." &mdash; Young, 1901

Campanile

"S. Sominic's Orange Tree, with Campanile of S. Alessio." — Young, 1901

"Ambo in the Ara Coeli." &mdash; Young, 1901

Ambo in the Ara Coeli

"Ambo in the Ara Coeli." — Young, 1901

"Arms of Martin V." &mdash; Young, 1901

Arms of Martin V

"Arms of Martin V." — Young, 1901

"Arms of Innocent VIII. (Cibo)" &mdash; Young, 1901

Innocent VIII

"Arms of Innocent VIII. (Cibo)" — Young, 1901

"The Villa Medici, from the Terrace." &mdash; Young, 1901

Villa Medici

"The Villa Medici, from the Terrace." — Young, 1901

"Arms of Sixtus IV. and Julius II. (Della Rovere)" &mdash; Young, 1901

Sixtus IV

"Arms of Sixtus IV. and Julius II. (Della Rovere)" — Young, 1901

"Arms of Paul III. (Farnese)" &mdash; Young, 1901

Paul III

"Arms of Paul III. (Farnese)" — Young, 1901

"Arms of Sixtus V (Peretti)." &mdash; Young, 1901

Sixtus V

"Arms of Sixtus V (Peretti)." — Young, 1901

"From the Villa Medici." — Young, 1901

Fountain and People

"From the Villa Medici." — Young, 1901

"The Fountain Trevi." &mdash; Young, 1901

Trevi Fountain

"The Fountain Trevi." — Young, 1901

"The following cuts represent, the first more ancient, and the second the later mode of wearing the toga." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Roman Togas

"The following cuts represent, the first more ancient, and the second the later mode of wearing the…

"Represents Vesta seated on a throne, with the Palladium of Rome in her hand." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Coin of Vesta

"Represents Vesta seated on a throne, with the Palladium of Rome in her hand." — Anthon, 1891

"The door in front of a temple, as it reeached nearly to the ceiling allowed the worshippers to view from without the entire statue of the divinity, and to observe the rites performed before it. The whole light of the building, moreover, was commonly admitted through the same aperture. These circumstances are illustrated in the following cut, showing the front of a small temple of Jupiter taken from an ancient bas-relief." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Temple of Jupiter

"The door in front of a temple, as it reeached nearly to the ceiling allowed the worshippers to view…

"The Temple of Janus is represented as closed." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Coin of Temple of Janus

"The Temple of Janus is represented as closed." — Anthon, 1891

"The figure in the middle of the following illustration is from a most ancient specimen of Etruscan sculpture, and represents an augur with his <em>lituus</em>, or staff. The others are Roman denarii." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Sculpture and coins

"The figure in the middle of the following illustration is from a most ancient specimen of Etruscan…

"The Greeks and Romans used hinges exactly like those now in common use. The following cut exhibits four Roman hinges of bronze, now preserved in the British Museum." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Roman hinges

"The Greeks and Romans used hinges exactly like those now in common use. The following cut exhibits…

"The <em>palla</em>, as well as the <em>pallium</em> and <em>palliolum</em>, was always a rectangular piece of cloth, exactly, or, at least, nearly square. It was, indeed, used in the very form in which it was taken from the loom, being made entirely by the weaver. Among the Greeks and Romans the most common material for the <em>palla</em> was wool. It was often folded about the body simply with a view to defend it from cold, and without any regard to gracefulness of appearance, as in the following cut, taken from an ancient intaglio." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Palla

"The palla, as well as the pallium and palliolum, was always a rectangular…

"A more graceful mode of wearing the <em>palla</em> was to attach it by means of a brooch, and allow it to hang down from the shoulders, as in the following cut, representing the statue of Phocion in the Vatican." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Statue of Phocion

"A more graceful mode of wearing the palla was to attach it by means of a brooch, and allow…

"The Roman people reclined at their meals. On each couch there were commonly three persons. They lay with the upper part of the body reclined on the left arm, the head a little raised, the back supported by cushions and the limbs stretched out at full length, or a little bent; the feet of the first behind the back of the second, and his feet behind the back of the third, with a pillow between each. When they ate, they raised themselves on their elbow, and made use of the right hand. A banqueting-room generally contained three couches, holding nine guests, and, from the number of couches, was called <em>riclinium</em>. The following representation of such a room is from one at Pomopeii. In the centre is a pedestal to receive the table." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Banqueting room

"The Roman people reclined at their meals. On each couch there were commonly three persons. They lay…

"A necklace. Necklaces were worn by both sexes among the most polished of those nations which the Greeks called barbarous, expecially the Indians, the Egyptians, and the Persians. Greek and Roman females adopted them more particularly as a bridal ornament. They were of various forms, as may be seen by the following specimens." — Smith, 1873

Monilia

"A necklace. Necklaces were worn by both sexes among the most polished of those nations which the Greeks…

"A greave, a leggin. A pair of greaves was one of the six articles of armour which formed the complete equipment of a Greek warrior, and likewise of a Roman soldier as fixed by Servius Tullius. They were made of various metals, with a lining probably of leather, felt, or cloth. Their form is shown in the accompanying cut. The figure is that of a fallen warrior, and is consequence of the bending of the knees, the greaves are seen to project a little above them. This statue also shows the ankle-rings, which were used to fasten the greaves immediately above the feet. The woodcut that follows shows the interior of a bronze shield, and a pair of bronze greaves found in the tomb of an Etruscan Museum. The greaves are made right and left." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Ocrea

"A greave, a leggin. A pair of greaves was one of the six articles of armour which formed the complete…

"A greave, a leggin. A pair of greaves was one of the six articles of armour which formed the complete equipment of a Greek warrior, and likewise of a Roman soldier as fixed by Servius Tullius. They were made of various metals, with a lining probably of leather, felt, or cloth. Their form is shown in the accompanying cut. The figure is that of a fallen warrior, and is consequence of the bending of the knees, the greaves are seen to project a little above them. This statue also shows the ankle-rings, which were used to fasten the greaves immediately above the feet. The woodcut that follows shows the interior of a bronze shield, and a pair of bronze greaves found in the tomb of an Etruscan Museum. The greaves are made right and left." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Ocrea

"A greave, a leggin. A pair of greaves was one of the six articles of armour which formed the complete…