ClipArt ETC
"A kind of cymbal. It appears to have been a split reed or cane, which clattered when shaken with the hand. Women who played on the crotalun were termed crotalistriae. The annexed cut represents one of these crotalistriae performing." — Smith, 1873

Crotalum

"A kind of cymbal. It appears to have been a split reed or cane, which clattered when shaken with the…

"A musical instrument, in the shape of two half globes, which were held one in each hand of the performer, and played by being struck against each other. The cymbal was a very ancient instrument, being used in the worship of Cybele, Bacchus, Juno, and all the earlier deities of the Grecian and Roman mythology. It probably came from the east. for sistrum, which some have regerred to the class of cymbala." — Smith, 1873.

Cymbalum

"A musical instrument, in the shape of two half globes, which were held one in each hand of the performer,…

"A torch. In the annexed woodcut, the female figure is copied from a fictile vase. The winged figure on the left hand, asleep and leaning on a torch, is from a funeral monument at Rome. The other winged figure represents Cupid as Lethaus Amor. In ancient marbles the torch is sometimes more ornamened than the examples now produced, but it always appears to be formed of wooden staves or twigs, either bound by a rope drawn round them in a spiral form, as in the middle figure blow, or surrounded by circular bands at equal distances, as in the two exterior figures. The inside of the torch may be supposed to have been filled with flax, tow, or other vegetable fibres, the whole being abundantly impregnated with pitch, rosin, wax, oil, and other inflammable substances." — Smith, 1873.

Fax

"A torch. In the annexed woodcut, the female figure is copied from a fictile vase. The winged figure…

"The spindle, was always, when in use, accompanied by the distaff, as an indispensable part of the same apparatus. The wool, flax, or other material, haing been prepared for spinning, was rolled into a ball, which was however, sufficiently loose to allow the fibres to be easily drawn out by the hand of the spinner. The upper part of the distaff was then inserted into this mass of flax or wool, and the lower part was held under the left arm in such a position as was most convenient for conducting the operation. The fibres were drawn out, and at the same time spirally twisted, chiefly by the use of the fore-finger and thumb of the right hand; and the thread so produced was wound upon the spindle until the quantity was as great as it would carry." — Smith, 1873.

Fusus

"The spindle, was always, when in use, accompanied by the distaff, as an indispensable part of the same…

Two boys playing handball

Handball

Two boys playing handball

"This amusing game requires more care and delicacy of touch than at first seems to be the case. The apparatus of the game is very simple, consisting of a bull's head painted on a board, with a hook in its nose and another on each horn. In the top of the board is fixed a horizontal rod, to the end of which is suspended a ring by a piece of string. The players stand in succession in front of the bull, take the ring and try to fling it so that it shall be caught on the nook in the bull's nose. Each player has nine throws, and he who succeeds the greatest number of times wins the game. It is tolerably easy to throw the ring on the hook, but not easy to throw it so that it shall stay there, and the 'knack' of the game consists in throwing it with just sufficient force to reach the hook. In another modification of the game the string is lengthened to twelve or fifteen feet, and has a slip-noose at the end. The other end of the string is not fastened to the end of the horizontal rod, but held in the left hand, while with the right the player tries to throw the loop over the two hooks in the bull's horns. If he can catch them both he scores two, and if he catches only one of them, he scores one. Each player has six throws." — Thomas Sheppard Meek

Ring the Bull

"This amusing game requires more care and delicacy of touch than at first seems to be the case. The…

"Get a circular piece of tin, three inches or more in diameter, and cut it round the edges in the form of a star. Bore two holes through it about an inch and a half apart; pass the two ends of a string through the holes; tie them, and the toy is complete. When the tin star cannot be procured, a big button will serve the purpose admirably. Hold an end of the double string in each hand, as seen in the illustration, and spin the tin star, or 'whizzer' as we shall call it, until the string is twisted as far as it will bear. Now separate the hands, and the whizzer will revolve rapidly, and, when the hands are stretched wide, will come to rest as shown in the illustration. But if, instead of allowing the hands to reach their fullest extent and to remain there, they are brought gradually together again, the cutter will revolve in the opposite direction, and wind itself up again. Thus it may be made to wind and unwind itself as long as the player likes."— Thomas Sheppard Meek

Whizzer

"Get a circular piece of tin, three inches or more in diameter, and cut it round the edges in the form…

"Here is a new game, which is causing a great deal of amusement at social gatherings in Europe. Two boys, or young men, are blindfolded, and in the right hand of each is placed a stout roll of paper in the form of a club or cudgel. The players then have to lie down on the carpet and to grasp each other by the left hand. Thereupon the fun begins. One of the players asks the other, 'Are you there?' When the answer, 'Yes' comes he raises his right hand and strives to hit with his cudgel the spot where, from the sound of the voice, he supposes the other player's head to be. The other player, however, is at perfect liberty to move his head after he has answered 'Yes,' and the result is that in nine cases out of ten the blow misses his head and falls on his shoulders or some other part of his body. In that case it is his turn to retaliate, and so the game goes on indefinitely, the sole object of the player who asks the question being to strike the other player's head, and that of the player who answers to save his head from being struck."— Thomas Sheppard Meek

Cudgel Game

"Here is a new game, which is causing a great deal of amusement at social gatherings in Europe. Two…

"This is a game of pure manual dexterity, and is rare practice for cultivating steadiness of hand and delicacy of touch. Its worst fault is that in the very nature of the game a constant series of deadlocks are inevitable, only to be overcome by the self-sacrifice of one or other of the players. Jackstraws are a number of thing narrow slips of wood, bone or ivory, each more or less notched, sometimes cut into fantastic shapes, and numbered. These being held together in a bundle, are allowed to fall on the table, and the players, two or more in number, each in turn pull them out one by one with a small hook. As long as a player can go on abstracting from the heap, without in any way shaking or disturbing more than one jackstraw at the time, his turn continues, and all he thus secures he keeps; at the least shake his turn ceases, and the next player goes on. When all the jackstraws have been thus abstracted, each player counts his heap, each jackstraw being valued at the number inscribed on it, and he who has most wins."— Thomas Sheppard Meek

Jackstraws

"This is a game of pure manual dexterity, and is rare practice for cultivating steadiness of hand and…

"The following cut, taken from one of Sir W. Hamilton's fictile vases, and representing Aeneas followed by Ascanius, and carrying off his father Anchises, who holds the sceptre in his right hand, shows its form as worn by kinds." — Anthon, 1891

Aeneas and Ascanius

"The following cut, taken from one of Sir W. Hamilton's fictile vases, and representing Aeneas followed…

"Represents Vesta seated on a throne, with the Palladium of Rome in her hand." — Anthon, 1891

Coin of Vesta

"Represents Vesta seated on a throne, with the Palladium of Rome in her hand." — Anthon, 1891

"The <em>cothurnus</em> or buskin, rose above the midddle of the leg so as to surround the calf (<em>sura</em>), and sometimes reached as high as the knees. It was laced in front, and the object in so doing was to make it fit the leg as closely as possible. The skin or leather of which it was made was dyed purple, or of other splendid colours. The cothurnus was worn principally by horsemen, hunters, and men of rank and authority. The accompanying woodcut shows two cothurni, from the statues in the Museo Pio-Clementino. That on the left hand is from a statue of Diana Succincta, that on the right from one of the goddess Roma." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Cothurnus

"The cothurnus or buskin, rose above the midddle of the leg so as to surround the calf (sura),…

"In later Greek, a lantern. Two bronze lanterns, constructed with nicety and skill, have been found in the ruins of Herculaneum and Pompeii. One of them is represented in the annexed woodcut. Its form is cylindrical. Within is a bronze lamp attached to the centre of the base, and provided with an extinguisher shown on the right hand of the lantern. The plates are of translucent horn. A front view of one of the two upright pillars is shown on the left hand." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Laterna

"In later Greek, a lantern. Two bronze lanterns, constructed with nicety and skill, have been found…

"The Roman people reclined at their meals. On each couch there were commonly three persons. They lay with the upper part of the body reclined on the left arm, the head a little raised, the back supported by cushions and the limbs stretched out at full length, or a little bent; the feet of the first behind the back of the second, and his feet behind the back of the third, with a pillow between each. When they ate, they raised themselves on their elbow, and made use of the right hand. A banqueting-room generally contained three couches, holding nine guests, and, from the number of couches, was called <em>riclinium</em>. The following representation of such a room is from one at Pomopeii. In the centre is a pedestal to receive the table." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Banqueting room

"The Roman people reclined at their meals. On each couch there were commonly three persons. They lay…

"Marsupium, a purse. The purse used by the ancients was commonly a small leathern bag, and was often closed by being drawn together at the mouth. Mercury is commonly represented holding one in his hand, of which the annexed woodcut from an intaglia in the Stosch collection in Berlin presents an example." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Marsupium

"Marsupium, a purse. The purse used by the ancients was commonly a small leathern bag, and was often…

"A quiver, was principally made of hide or leather, and was adorned with gold, painting, and braiding. it had a lid, and was suspended from the right shoulder by a belt passing over the breast and behind the back. Its most common position was on the left hip, and is so seen in the annexed figures, the right-hand one representing an Amazon, and the left-hand an Asiatic archer." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Phaetra

"A quiver, was principally made of hide or leather, and was adorned with gold, painting, and braiding.…

"Now it came to pass on the third day, that Esther put on her royal apparel, and stood in the inner court of the king's house, over against the king's house: and the king sat upon his royal throne in the royal house, over against the entrance of the house. And it was so, when the king saw Esther the queen standing in the court, that she obtained favor in his sight; and the king held out to Esther the golden sceptre that was in his hand. So Esther drew near, and touched the top of the sceptre. Then said the king unto her, What wilt thou, queen Esther? and what is thy request? it shall be given thee even to the half of the kingdom." Esther 5:1-3 ASV <p>Illustration of Xerxes, King of Persia, stretching out his golden scepter to Esther.

Esther Approaches King Xerxes

"Now it came to pass on the third day, that Esther put on her royal apparel, and stood in the inner…

"Sceptrum, which originally denoted a simple staff or walking stick, was emblematic of station and authority. In ancient authors the sceptre is represented as belonging more especially to kings, princes, and leaders of tribes: but it is also borne by judges, by heralds, and by priests and seers. The sceptre descended from father to son, and might be committed to any one in order to express the transfer of authority. Those who bore the sceptre swore by it, solemnly taking it in the right hand and raising it towards heaven. The following cut, representing Aeneas followed by Ascanius and carrying off his father Anchises, who holds the sceptre in his right hand, shows its form as worn by kings. The ivory sceptre of the kings of Rome, which descended to the consuls, was surmounted by an eagle." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Sceptrum

"Sceptrum, which originally denoted a simple staff or walking stick, was emblematic of station and authority.…

"Serra, a saw. It was made of iron. The form of the larger saw used for cutting timber is seen in the annexed woodcut, which is taken from a miniature in the celebrated Dioscorides written at the beginning of the sixth century. It is of the kind called the frame-saw, because it is fixed in a rectangular frame. It was held by a workman at each end. The woodcut also shows the blade of the saw detached from its frame, with a ring at each end for fixing it in the frame. On each side of the last-mentioned figure is represented a hand-saw adapted to be used by a single person." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Serra

"Serra, a saw. It was made of iron. The form of the larger saw used for cutting timber is seen in the…

"Speculum, a mirror, a looking-glass. The looking-glasses of the ancients were usually made of metal, at first of a composition of tin and copper, but afterwards more frequently of silver. The ancients seem to have had glass mirrors also like ours, consisting of a glass plate covered at the back with a thin leaf of metal. They were manufactured as early as the time of Pliny at the celebrated glass-houses at Sidon, but they must have been inferior to those of metal, since they never came into general use, and are never mentioned by ancient writers among costly pieces of furniture, whereas metal mirrors frequently are. Looking-glasses were generally small, and such as could by carried in the hand. Instead of their being fixed so as to be hung against the wall or to stand upon the table or floor, they were generally held by female slaves before their mistresses when dressing. The general form of looking-glasses is shown in the following wood-cut." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Speculum

"Speculum, a mirror, a looking-glass. The looking-glasses of the ancients were usually made of metal,…

"Spira, the base of a column. in the Tuscan and the Roman Doric the base consisted of a single torus, sometimes surmounted by an astragal. In the Ionic and Attic it commonly consisted of two tori, divided by a scotia, and in the Corinthian of two tori divided by two scotiae. The upper torus was often fluted, and surmounted by an astragal, as in the left-hand figure of the following wood-cut, which shows the form of the base in the Ionic or Attic temple of Panops on the Ilissus. The right-hand figure in the same wood-cut shows the corresponding part in the temple of Minerva Polias at Athens. In this the upper torus is wrought with a platted ornament, perhaps designed to represent a robe or cable." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Spira

"Spira, the base of a column. in the Tuscan and the Roman Doric the base consisted of a single torus,…

A hand corn mill

Hand Corn Mill

A hand corn mill

"The cestus used in later times, in the public games, was a most formidable weapon. It was frequently covered with knobs and nails, and loaded with lead and iron. Figures with the cestus frequently occur on ancient remains. They appear to have been of various forms as appears in the fololowing specimens taken from ancient monuments." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Cestus

"The cestus used in later times, in the public games, was a most formidable weapon. It was frequently…

"Talus. The huckle-bones of sheep and goats were used to play with from the earliest times, principally by women and children, occasionally by old men. The following cut, taken from an ancient painting, represents a woman, who, having thrown the bones upwards into the air, has caught three of them on the back of her hand. When the sides of the bone were marked with different values, the game became one of chance. The two ends were left blank, because the bone could not rest upon either of them on account of its curvature. The four remaining sides were marked with numbers 1, 3, 4, 5; 1 and 6 being on two opposite sides, and 3 and 4 on the other two opposite sides. Two persons played together at this game, using four bones, which they threw up into the air, or emptied out of a dice-box, and observing the numbers on the uppermost sides. " &mdash Smith; 1873

Talus

"Talus. The huckle-bones of sheep and goats were used to play with from the earliest times, principally…

"The following wood-cut from a fictile vase in the Museo Borbonico at Naples, represents Juno seated on a splendid throne, which is elevated on a basement. She holds in her left hand a sceptre, and in her right the apple, which Mercury is about to convey to Paris with a view to the celebrated contest for beauty on Mount Ida. Mercury is distinguished by his talaria, his caduceus, and his petasus thrown behind his back, and hanging b a string. On the right side of the throne is the representation of a tigress or panther." &mdash Smith; 1873

Thrones

"The following wood-cut from a fictile vase in the Museo Borbonico at Naples, represents Juno seated…

"Tripos, a tripod, i.e. any utensil or article of furniture supported upon three feet. More especially, 1. A three-legged table. 2. A pot or caldron, used for boiling meat, and either raised upon a three-legged stand of bronze, or made with its three feet in the same piece. 3. A bronze altar, not differing probably in its original form from the tall tripod caldron already described. In this form, but with additional ornament, we see it in the left-hand figure in the annexed cut. The figure on the right hand represents the tripod from which the Pythian priestess at Delphi gave responses. The celebrity of this tripod produced innumerable imitations of it, which were made to be used in sacrifice, and still mere frequently to be presented to the treasury both in that place and in many other Greek temples." &mdash Smith; 1873

Tripos

"Tripos, a tripod, i.e. any utensil or article of furniture supported upon three feet. More especially,…

"Tympanum, a small drum carried in the hand. Of these, some resembled in all respects a modern tambourine with bells. Others presented a flat circular disk on the upper surface and swelled out beneath like a kettle-drum. Both forms are represented in the cuts below. Tympana were covered with the hides of oxen, or of asses; were beaten with a stick, or with the hand, and were much employed in all wild enthusiastic religious rites, especially the orgies of Bacchus and Cybele." &mdash Smith; 1873

Tympanum

"Tympanum, a small drum carried in the hand. Of these, some resembled in all respects a modern tambourine…

"Carry the hand to the shoulder; rapidly thrust the hand upward the full extent of the arm several times." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Halt

"Carry the hand to the shoulder; rapidly thrust the hand upward the full extent of the arm several times."…

"The hand on the side toward which the change of direction is to be made is carried across the body to the opposite shoulder, forearm horizontal; then swing in a horizontal plane, arm extended, pointing in the new direction." — Moss, 1914

Change Direction Signal

"The hand on the side toward which the change of direction is to be made is carried across the body…

"To announce range, extend the arm toward the leaders or men for whom the signal is intended, fist closed; by keeping the fist closed battle sight is indicated; by opening and closing the fist, expose thumb and fingers to a number equal to the hundreds of yards." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Hand signal

"To announce range, extend the arm toward the leaders or men for whom the signal is intended, fist closed;…

"To add 50 yards describe a short horizontal line with forefinger." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Hand signal

"To add 50 yards describe a short horizontal line with forefinger." — Moss, 1914

"To change elevation, indicate the amount of increase or decrease by fingers; point upward to indicate increase and downward to indicate decrease." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Hand signal

"To change elevation, indicate the amount of increase or decrease by fingers; point upward to indicate…

"Raise and hold the forearm steadily in a horizontal position in front of the forehead, palm of the hand to the front." — Moss, 1914

Suspend Firing

"Raise and hold the forearm steadily in a horizontal position in front of the forehead, palm of the…

"Extend the arm horizontally toward the platoon leader; describe small circles with the hand." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Hand signal

"Extend the arm horizontally toward the platoon leader; describe small circles with the hand." —…

"Extend the arm horizontally toward the platoon leader; swing the hand up and down from the wrist." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Squad

"Extend the arm horizontally toward the platoon leader; swing the hand up and down from the wrist."…

"Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left knee slightly bent; clasp the hands, without constriant, in front of the center of the body, fingers joined, left hand uppermost, left thumb clasped by the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, preserve silence and steadiness of position." — Moss, 1914

Parade Rest

"Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left knee slightly bent; clasp the hands, without…

"Raise the right hand smartly till the tip of the forefinger touches the lower part of the headdress above the right eye, thumb and fingers extended and joined, palm to the left, forearm inclined at about 45 degrees, hand and wrist straight; at the same time look toward the person saluted." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Salute

"Raise the right hand smartly till the tip of the forefinger touches the lower part of the headdress…

"In resuming the order from any position in the manual, the motion next to the last concludes with the butt of the piece about 3 inches from the ground, barrel to the rear, the left hand above and near the right, steadying the piece, fingers extended and joined, forearm and wrist straight and inclining downward, all fingers of the right hand grasping the piece." — Moss, 1914

Soldier with Rifle

"In resuming the order from any position in the manual, the motion next to the last concludes with the…

"The butt rests evenly on the ground, barrel to the rear, toe of the butt on a line with toe of, and touhcing, the right shoe, arm and hands hanging naturally right hand holding the piece between the thumb and fingers." — Moss, 1914

Order Arms Standing

"The butt rests evenly on the ground, barrel to the rear, toe of the butt on a line with toe of, and…

"With the right hand carry the piece in front of the center of the body, barrel to the rear and vertical, grasp it with the left hand at the balance, forearm horizontal and resting against the body. Grasp the small of the stock with the right hand." — Moss, 1914

Present Arms

"With the right hand carry the piece in front of the center of the body, barrel to the rear and vertical,…

"With the right hand raise and throw the piece diagonally across the body, grasp it smartly with both hands, the right, palm down, at the small of the stock, the left, palm up, at the balance; barrel up, sloping to the left and crossing opposite the junction of the neck with the left shoulder." — Moss, 1914

Port Arms

"With the right hand raise and throw the piece diagonally across the body, grasp it smartly with both…

"Without changing the grasp of the right hand, place the piece on the right shoulder, barrel up and inclined at an angle of about 45 degrees from the horizontal trigger guard in the hollow of teh shoulder, right elbow near the side, the piece in a vertical plane perpendicular to the front." — Moss, 1914

Right Shoulder, Arms

"Without changing the grasp of the right hand, place the piece on the right shoulder, barrel up and…

"Carry the piece with the right hand and place it on the left shoulder, barrel up, trigger guard in the hollow of the shoulder, at the same time grasp the butt with the left hand, heel between first and second fingeres, thumb and fingers closed on the stock." — Moss, 1914

Left Shoulder, Arms

"Carry the piece with the right hand and place it on the left shoulder, barrel up, trigger guard in…

"Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left knee slightly bent; carry the muzzle in front of the center of the body, barrel to the left; grasp the piece with the left hand just below the stacking swivel, and with the right hand below and against the left." — Moss, 1914

Parade Rest with Rifle

"Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left knee slightly bent; carry the muzzle in front…

"Raise the piece, right arm slightly bent, and incline the muzzle forward so that the barrel makes an angle of about thirty degrees with the vertical. When it can be done without danger or inconvenience to others, the piece may be grasped at the balance and the muzzle lowered until the piece is horizontal; a similar position in the left hand may be used." — Moss, 1914

Trail Arms

"Raise the piece, right arm slightly bent, and incline the muzzle forward so that the barrel makes an…

"Carry the left hand smartly to the small of the stock, forearm horizontal, palm of hand down, thumb and fingers extended and joined, forefinger touching end of cocking piece, look toward the person saluted." — Moss, 1914

Rifle Salute

"Carry the left hand smartly to the small of the stock, forearm horizontal, palm of hand down, thumb…

"Carry the left hand smartly to the right side, palm of the hand down, thumb and fingers extended and joined, forefinger against piece near the muzzle; look toward the person saluted." — Moss, 1914

Rifle Salute

"Carry the left hand smartly to the right side, palm of the hand down, thumb and fingers extended and…

Developed Pitman Shorthand and was vice-president of the Vegetarian Society.

Isaac Pitman

Developed Pitman Shorthand and was vice-president of the Vegetarian Society.

"At the second command take the position of arms. Seize the bolt handle with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, turn the handle up, draw the bolt back, and glance at the chamber. Having found the chamber empty, or having emptied it, raise the head and eyes to the front." — Moss, 1914

Inspection Arms

"At the second command take the position of arms. Seize the bolt handle with the thumb and forefinger…

"Each even number of the front rank grasps his piece with the left hand at the upper band and rests the butt between his feet." — Moss, 1914

Stack Arms

"Each even number of the front rank grasps his piece with the left hand at the upper band and rests…

The sultan of Turkey, came into power in 1876.

Abdul Hamid II

The sultan of Turkey, came into power in 1876.

"Each even number of the front rank grasps his piece with the left hand at the upper band and rests the butt between his feet." — Moss, 1914

Stack Arms

"Each even number of the front rank grasps his piece with the left hand at the upper band and rests…

Emperor Meiji (November 3, 1852 – July 30, 1912), or Meiji the Great, was the 122nd Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from February 3, 1867 until his death on July 30, 1912. His personal name, which is not used in any formal or official context, was Mutsuhito.

Emperor Meiji

Emperor Meiji (November 3, 1852 – July 30, 1912), or Meiji the Great, was the 122nd Emperor of Japan…

"Throws the butt about 2 feet in advance of that of his own piece and opposite the right of the interval, the right hand slipping to the upper band, the thumb and forefinger raising the stacking swivel, which he engages with that of his own piece." — Moss, 1914

Stack Arms

"Throws the butt about 2 feet in advance of that of his own piece and opposite the right of the interval,…

"Each odd number of the front rank raises his piece with the right hand, carries it well forward, barrel to the front; the left hand, guiding the stacking swivel." — Moss, 1914

Stack Arms

"Each odd number of the front rank raises his piece with the right hand, carries it well forward, barrel…

"Kneel on right knee, sitting as nearly as possible on the right heel; left forearm across left thigh; piece remains in position of order arms, right hand grasping it above lower band." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Kneel

"Kneel on right knee, sitting as nearly as possible on the right heel; left forearm across left thigh;…

"Kneel, but with right knee against left hand." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Kneel

"Kneel, but with right knee against left hand." — Moss, 1914

"With the right hand he turns and draws the bolt back." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Load

"With the right hand he turns and draws the bolt back." — Moss, 1914

"Carries the hand to the small of the stock." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Load

"Carries the hand to the small of the stock." — Moss, 1914

"If lying down, the left hand steadies and supports the piece at the balance, the toe of the butt resting on the ground, the muzzle off the ground." — Moss, 1914

Lying Down

"If lying down, the left hand steadies and supports the piece at the balance, the toe of the butt resting…