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In the streets of Constantinople one might find lemonade sands, sweetmeats, coffee, and pipes and at all hours can be seen the native smoking accompanied by no end of dogs.

Life in Constantinople

In the streets of Constantinople one might find lemonade sands, sweetmeats, coffee, and pipes and at…

Pope Leo XIII (1810-1903). Archbishop, bishop, cardinal, chamberlain of the Sacred College, and Pope.

Leo XIII

Pope Leo XIII (1810-1903). Archbishop, bishop, cardinal, chamberlain of the Sacred College, and Pope.

Mithridates VI, king of Pontus in Rome on a silver coin.

Mithridates

Mithridates VI, king of Pontus in Rome on a silver coin.

(1817-1903) German historian and archaeologist most celebrated for his work with Roman history.

Theodor Mommsen

(1817-1903) German historian and archaeologist most celebrated for his work with Roman history.

(1801-1890) Roman Catholic cardinal and venerable.

Cardinal John Henry Newman

(1801-1890) Roman Catholic cardinal and venerable.

A clock that reads 10:38.

10:38

A clock that reads 10:38.

"Armor. 1, 2, Early Greek; 3, Greek; 4, 5, Roman; 6, Barbarian." -Foster, 1921

Various Armor

"Armor. 1, 2, Early Greek; 3, Greek; 4, 5, Roman; 6, Barbarian." -Foster, 1921

A coffin or tomb of stone; a kind of stone chest, generally more or less ornamented for receiving a dead body. This illustration is the tomb of Scipios.

Roman Sarcophagus Tomb

A coffin or tomb of stone; a kind of stone chest, generally more or less ornamented for receiving a…

Dorsal or posterior view of the medulla, fourth ventricle, and mesencephalon. Labels: p.n., line of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves; p.m.f., posterior median fissure; f.g., funiculus gracilis; cl., its clava; f.c., funiculus cuneatus; f.R., funiculus of Rolando; r.b., restiform body; c.s., calamus scriptorius; l, section of ligula or taenia; part of choroid plexus is seen beneath t; l.r., lateral recess of the ventricle; str., striae acusticae; i.f., inferior fossa; s.f., posterior fossa; between it and the median sulcus is the fasciculus teres; cbl., cut surface of the cerebellar hemisphere; nd., central or gray matter; s.m.v., superior medullary velum; lng., ligula; s.c.p., superior cerebellar peduncle cut longitudinally; cr., combined section of the three cerebellar peduncles; c.q.s., c.q.i., corpora quadrigemina (superior and inferior); fr., fraenulum; f; f., fibers of the fillet seen on the surface of the tegmentum; c, crusti; l.g., lateral groove; c.g.i, corpus geniculum internus; th., posterior part of the thalamus; p., pineal body. The Roman numbers indicate the corresponding cranial nerves.

Medulla

Dorsal or posterior view of the medulla, fourth ventricle, and mesencephalon. Labels: p.n., line of…

Fourth ventricle with the medulla oblongata and the corpora quadrigemina. The roman numbers indicate superficial origins of the cranial nerves, while the other numbers indicate their deep origins, or the position of their central nuclei. 8, 8', 8", auditory nuclei nerves; t, funiculus teres; A, B, corpora quadrigemina; c.g, corpus geniculatum; p, c, pedunculus cerebri; m, c, p, middle cerebellar peduncle; s, c, p, superior cerebellar peduncle; i, c, p, inferior cerebellar peduncle; l, c, locus caeruleus; e, t, eminentia teres; a, c, ala cinerea; a, n, accessory nucleus; o, obex; c, clava; f, c, funiculus cuneatus; f, g, funiculus gracilis.

Fourth Ventricle with the Medulla Oblongata and the Corpora Quadrigemina

Fourth ventricle with the medulla oblongata and the corpora quadrigemina. The roman numbers indicate…

The chair of St. Peter was made out of wood with ivory reliefs illustrating the story of Hercules in Rome.

Chair of St. Peter Arm-Chair

The chair of St. Peter was made out of wood with ivory reliefs illustrating the story of Hercules in…

The Roman Arm-chair had a decoration symbolic of Ceres, the Roman goddess of growing plants.

Roman Arm-Chair

The Roman Arm-chair had a decoration symbolic of Ceres, the Roman goddess of growing plants.

This Roman bedstead had a Pompeian vase-painting. It included a head and foot board. It was made out of wood and metal and sometimes precious materials such as ivory.

Roman Bedstead

This Roman bedstead had a Pompeian vase-painting. It included a head and foot board. It was made out…

The Antique chair included a statue of Jupiter on the chair.

Antique Chair

The Antique chair included a statue of Jupiter on the chair.

The Antique Pompeian chair included a cushion and a foot-stool.

Antique Pompeian Chair

The Antique Pompeian chair included a cushion and a foot-stool.

The Barocco clock-case of the 17th century had a case for protecting the interior work against dust and for giving the clock a more pleasing aspect. This clock was placed on a pedestal.

Barocco Clock-Case

The Barocco clock-case of the 17th century had a case for protecting the interior work against dust…

This Modern clock-case was mostly made with a roof.

Modern Clock-Case

This Modern clock-case was mostly made with a roof.

This Modern clock-case was made with metal ornaments. It was Dome-shaped and crowned by a small bell-turret.

Modern Clock-Case

This Modern clock-case was made with metal ornaments. It was Dome-shaped and crowned by a small bell-turret.

This Modern clock-case had a hanging-case intended for both weight and pendulum clocks.

Modern Clock-Case

This Modern clock-case had a hanging-case intended for both weight and pendulum clocks.

This Toilet-stand clock-case was made during the German Renaissance in 1597. A slender tall cabinet, the upper and lower parts of which are provided with doors, which holds various necessary objects, while the center takes the form of a niche. Inside the niche hangs a metal water-reservoir with a lid and a drain. It also includes metal wrought-iron towel-holders.

Toilet-Stand Clock-Case

This Toilet-stand clock-case was made during the German Renaissance in 1597. A slender tall cabinet,…

This Toilet-stand clock-case was made during the German Renaissance. Made of various colored wood, it was a slender tall cabinet where the upper and lower parts included doors, which holds various necessary objects. The center takes the form of a niche and inside the niche hangs a metal water-reservoir with a lid and a drain. It also includes metal wrought-iron towel-holders.

Toilet-Stand Clock-Case

This Toilet-stand clock-case was made during the German Renaissance. Made of various colored wood, it…

"The genus <em>Pinna</em> was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers attached to their helmets. They are of a brown, smoky color, with a fibrous, horny shell, very thin and fragile."

Pinna Rudis (Linnaeus)

"The genus Pinna was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers…

"The genus <em>Pinna</em> was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers attached to their helmets. The animal is thick, elongated, with mantle open behind, presenting a conical, furrowed foot, bearing a considerable byssus."

Pinna Nigrina (Lamarck)

"The genus Pinna was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers…

"The genus <em>Pinna</em> was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers attached to their helmets. The animal is thick, elongated, with mantle open behind, presenting a conical, furrowed foot, bearing a considerable byssus."

Pinna Nobilis, with its byssus (Linnaeus)

"The genus Pinna was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers…

"The genus <em>Pinna</em> was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers attached to their helmets. The animal is thick, elongated, with mantle open behind, presenting a conical, furrowed foot, bearing a considerable byssus."

Pinna Bullata (Swainson)

"The genus Pinna was so called from its resemblance to the plumelet which the Roman soldiers…

A famous road with many branches which connected Rome with Southern Italy

Construction of a Portion of Appian Way

A famous road with many branches which connected Rome with Southern Italy

Armor worn by the Roman soldiers; art armor.

Roman Cuirass (Art Armor)

Armor worn by the Roman soldiers; art armor.

Armor worn by the Roman soldiers as scale armor.

Roman Cuirass (Scale Armor)

Armor worn by the Roman soldiers as scale armor.

The bust of Julius Caesar.

Bust of Julius Caesar

The bust of Julius Caesar.

(1842-1917) American Roman Catholic cardinal born in Italy.

Diomede Falconio

(1842-1917) American Roman Catholic cardinal born in Italy.

(1842-1918) American Roman Catholic cardinal born in Ireland.

John Murphy Farley

(1842-1918) American Roman Catholic cardinal born in Ireland.

The three fates of Greek Mythology were three sisters who spun the thread of life named Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. "Clotho spun the thread of life; Lachesis decided its fate, and Atropos with her great shears cut the thread." -Foster, 1921

Fates

The three fates of Greek Mythology were three sisters who spun the thread of life named Clotho, Lachesis,…

Fortuna, the goddess of chance in Roman mythology.

Fortuna

Fortuna, the goddess of chance in Roman mythology.

(1712-1786) King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynaasty, known as the founder of Germany's military power.

Frederick II

(1712-1786) King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynaasty, known as the founder of Germany's military…

"Germany's most beautiful cathedral, Cologne." -Foster, 1921

Cologne Cathedral

"Germany's most beautiful cathedral, Cologne." -Foster, 1921

(1834-1921) American Roman Catholic Cardinal.

Cardinal James Gibbons

(1834-1921) American Roman Catholic Cardinal.

Lettering is the process of forming letters, numerals, and other characters in technical drawings.

Position for Lettering

Lettering is the process of forming letters, numerals, and other characters in technical drawings.

Distribution of cutaneous nerves on the front of the right superior extremity. The figure at the right shows the areas of distribution of the cutaneous nerves. The letters and numerals in the figure at the left indicate the spinal origin of the nerves distributed to each area.

Cutaneous Nerves of the Front of the Arm

Distribution of cutaneous nerves on the front of the right superior extremity. The figure at the right…

Distribution of cutaneous nerves on the back of the right lower extremity. The figure at the right shows the areas of distribution of the cutaneous nerves. The letters and numerals in the figure at the left indicate spinal origins of the nerves distributed to each area.

Cutaneous Nerves on the Back of the Legs

Distribution of cutaneous nerves on the back of the right lower extremity. The figure at the right shows…

The Pantheon is a building in Rome which was originally built as a temple to all the gods of Ancient Rome, and rebuilt circa 125 AD during Hadrian's reign. Since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a Catholic church. The Pantheon is currently the oldest standing domed structure in Rome.

The Pantheon at Rome

The Pantheon is a building in Rome which was originally built as a temple to all the gods of Ancient…

Hadrian's Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of what is now northern England. Construction began in 122 AD.

Hadrian's Wall

Hadrian's Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of what…

Saint Alban was the first British Christian martyr. Along with his fellow saints Julius and Aaron, Alban is one of three martyrs remembered from Roman Britain.

St. Alban's Shrine

Saint Alban was the first British Christian martyr. Along with his fellow saints Julius and Aaron, Alban…

A group of Roman soldiers heading into battle.

Roman Soldiers

A group of Roman soldiers heading into battle.

Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christian empire, see Christendom, successor to ancient Greece and Rome. Throughout the Middle Ages Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city, known as the Queen of Cities (Vasileuousa Polis).

The City of Constantinople (Byzantium)

Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christian empire, see Christendom, successor to ancient…

The Arles Amphitheatre is a Roman amphitheatre in the southern French town of Arles.

Roman Amphitheatre at Arles

The Arles Amphitheatre is a Roman amphitheatre in the southern French town of Arles.

The distinction between rank and unit type doesn't seem to have been as precise as in a modern-day army, in which a soldier has a separate pay-grade, job description, and assigned unit.

Roman Soldiers

The distinction between rank and unit type doesn't seem to have been as precise as in a modern-day army,…

St Asaph Cathedral, (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Llanelwy) at St Asaph, Denbighshire, north Wales, is sometimes claimed to be the smallest Anglican cathedral in Britain.

St. Asaph Cathedral

St Asaph Cathedral, (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Llanelwy) at St Asaph, Denbighshire, north Wales, is sometimes…

The lighthouse on the Eastern Heights still stands in the grounds of Dover Castle to 80 foot (24 m) high close to its original height, and has been adapted for use as the bell tower of the adjacent castle church of St Mary de Castro.

Roman Lighthouse, and Part of St. Mary's Church, Dover

The lighthouse on the Eastern Heights still stands in the grounds of Dover Castle to 80 foot (24 m)…

St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral sits on the edge of London's oldest region, the City, which originated as a Roman trading post along the edge of the River Thames.

St. Paul's Cathedral

St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat…

This image depicts the door leading to the Puente Romano, a Roman bridge in Cordoba, Spain.

The Door of the Roman Bridge

This image depicts the door leading to the Puente Romano, a Roman bridge in Cordoba, Spain.

There has been a church on the site for over 1300 years since Etheldreda, Queen of Northumbria made a grant of lands to Wilfrid, Bishop of York c.674. Of Wilfrid's Benedictine abbey, which was constructed almost entirely of material salvaged from nearby Roman ruins, the Saxon crypt and apse still remain.

Hexham Abbey

There has been a church on the site for over 1300 years since Etheldreda, Queen of Northumbria made…

He is well known as an author and scholar, and his most famous work, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (The Ecclesiastical History of the English People) gained him the title "The father of English history". Bede is regarded as a Doctor of the Church by the Roman Catholic Church, a position of theological significance; he is the only man from Great Britain to achieve this designation.

Bede's Tomb, Durham Cathedral

He is well known as an author and scholar, and his most famous work, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum…

Within Roman Catholicism, a monk is a member of a religious order who lives a communal life in a monastery, abbey, or priory under a monastic rule of life (such as the Rule of St. Benedict) and under the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. St. Benedict of Nursia is considered to be the founder of western monasticism. He established the first monastic community in the west and authored the Rule of St. Benedict, which is the foundation for the Order of St. Benedict and all of its reforms such as the Cistercians and the Trappists.

Benedictine Monk

Within Roman Catholicism, a monk is a member of a religious order who lives a communal life in a monastery,…

The influence is very much Roman, and this can be seen by looking at the doors and windows of the tower. The tower has a number of functions. At Earls Barton, the ground floor probably served as the main body of the church and would have been annexed by a chancel to the east.

Earls-Barton Saxon Tower

The influence is very much Roman, and this can be seen by looking at the doors and windows of the tower.…

Pope Saint Gregory VII (c. 1020/1025 – May 25, 1085), born Hildebrand of Soana (Italian: Ildebrando di Soana), was pope from April 22, 1073, until his death. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirming the primacy of the papal authority and the new canon law governing the election of the pope by the college of cardinals.

Pope Gregory VII

Pope Saint Gregory VII (c. 1020/1025 – May 25, 1085), born Hildebrand of Soana (Italian: Ildebrando…

Odo of Bayeux (c. 1036 – February 1097, Palermo), Norman bishop and English earl, was the half-brother of William the Conqueror, and was for a time second only to the king in power in England.

Odo of Bayeux

Odo of Bayeux (c. 1036 – February 1097, Palermo), Norman bishop and English earl, was the half-brother…

Rochester Castle stands on the east bank of the River Medway, in Rochester, Kent. It is one of the best-preserved castles of its kind in the UK. There has been a castle on this site since Roman times (c <small>AD</small>43), though it is the keep of 1127 and the Norman castle which can be seen today. With the invention of gunpowder other types of defense became more appropriate, and the military center of the Medway Towns moved to Chatham.

Rochester Castle

Rochester Castle stands on the east bank of the River Medway, in Rochester, Kent. It is one of the best-preserved…

The Basilica of St. John Lateran (Italian: Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano) is the cathedral of the church of Rome and the official ecclesiastical seat of the Bishop of Rome, who is the Pope. As the cathedral of the Bishop of Rome, containing the papal throne (Cathedra Romana), it ranks above all other churches in the Roman Catholic Church, even above St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.

St. John's Church, Lateran Palace, Rome

The Basilica of St. John Lateran (Italian: Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano) is the cathedral of…

The mitre is a type of headgear now known as the traditional, ceremonial head-dress of bishops and certain abbots in the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, some Lutherans.In Western Christianity, the crozier is shaped like a shepherd's crook. A bishop bears this staff as "shepherd of the flock of God"

Mitre and Crosier

The mitre is a type of headgear now known as the traditional, ceremonial head-dress of bishops and certain…

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with more than 2.7 million residents, and a metropolitan area of almost 4 million inhabitants. It is located in the central-western portion of the Italian peninsula, on the Tiber river. Rome stands on top of more than two and a half thousand years of history, was once the largest city in the world and the center of Western civilization. Rome is still the heart of Christianity, being seat of the Roman Catholic Church which controls the Vatican City as its sovereign territory, an enclave of Rome.

General View of Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with more…