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Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, at Winsfield Castle

Marty Stuart

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, at Winsfield Castle

Queen Elizabeth on a tour through her realm

Queen Elizabeth

Queen Elizabeth on a tour through her realm

Joan of Arc, surnamed the 'Maid of Orleans.'

Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc, surnamed the 'Maid of Orleans.'

"They are said to have originated in Greece, but have since spread all over the world; they live in colonies composed of from ten to thirty thousand neuter or <em>Working Bees</em>, of from six to eight hundred males called <em>Drones</em>, and of a single female, which seems to reign as <em>Queen</em>." &mdash Goodrich, 1859

Honey Bee

"They are said to have originated in Greece, but have since spread all over the world; they live in…

"This tribe, which includes the various kinds of Ants, is composed entirely of insects which live in communities, consisting of three distinct types of individuals, males, females, and neuters." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Ants and Their Structures

"This tribe, which includes the various kinds of Ants, is composed entirely of insects which live in…

"Aphaniptera includes the fleas, which, despite their minuteness, have made themselves a name in the world. The arterial covering is a horny compound of very distinct segmentsl the wings are four, but nearly rudimentary; the suctional organs consist of a pair of fine, serrated, sword-shaped mandibles, provided with a sharp, needle-like spear for penetrating the skin of the victim." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Flea

"Aphaniptera includes the fleas, which, despite their minuteness, have made themselves a name in the…

"These animals, often called <em>White Ants</em>, live in vast communities, principally in the hotter regions of the earth, where they do incredible damage by devouring almost every thing that comes in their way." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

White Ants

"These animals, often called White Ants, live in vast communities, principally in the hotter…

"The Foficulina includes the Earwig, <em>Forficula</em>, which appears to live principally upon vegetable substances. As this trie often attack the petals of flowers, they are regarded as enemies by the gardener." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Earwigs

"The Foficulina includes the Earwig, Forficula, which appears to live principally upon vegetable…

"Like that animal [the mole] it is constantly engaged in burrowing in the earth; and to enable it to do this with facility iits anterior limbs are converted into a pair of flat, fossorial organs, which are turned outward in exactly the same manner as the hand of the mole. In its pasage through the earth it does great injury to the roots of plants, but it said to live quite as much upon animal as vegetable food." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Mole Cricket

"Like that animal [the mole] it is constantly engaged in burrowing in the earth; and to enable it to…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Drone Bee

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Queen Bee

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Worker Bee

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Royal Cells

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"In these the back is usually covered with spines and hairs. They generally live in deep water, and rarely approach the shore." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Spinous spider-crab

"In these the back is usually covered with spines and hairs. They generally live in deep water, and…

"Caladium is a genus of endogenous plants, the typical one of the family caladie&aelig;. They are cultivated in greenhouses here, and flourish in warmer parts of the world. The leaves of the caladium are boiled and eaten in the West Indies."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Caladium

"Caladium is a genus of endogenous plants, the typical one of the family caladieæ. They are cultivated…

"<em>Sea-Cucumbers</em> are of various forms, some of the species being found in nearly all seas. They generally live among sea-weed or in mud, and are supposed to seize their prey by their tentacles. They have the power of elongating and contracting their forms so as at one time to appear like worms, and at another to assume the shape of an hour-glass." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Common sea-cucumber

"Sea-Cucumbers are of various forms, some of the species being found in nearly all seas. They…

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper lip; a long and arched neck; one or two humps or protuberances on the back; and a broad elastic foot ending in two small hoofs. The native country of the camel is said to extend from Morocco to China, within a zone of 900 or 1,000 miles in breadth. The common camel, having two humps, is found in the N. part of this region, and exclusively from the ancient Bactria, now Turkestan, to China. The dromedary, or single-humped camel is found throuhout the entire length of this zone. The camel will travel three days under a load and five days under a rider without drinking. It can live on little food, and of the coarsest kind. Camels which carry heavy burdens will do about 25 miles a day; those which are used for speed alone, from 60 to 90 miles a day. It lives from 40 to 50 years. The South American members of the family Camelid&aelig; contain the llama and alpaca; they have no humps."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Camel

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper…

"Chess is the most purely intellectual of all games of skill, the origin of which has been much disputed, but probably arose in India 5,000 years ago, and thence spread through Persia and Arabia, to Europe and America. The game has undergone many modifications during its diffusion throughout the world, but retains marked traces of its Oriental origin. The game is played by two persons on a board which consists of 64 squares, arranged in 8 rows of 8 squares each, alternately black and white. Each player has two sets of pieces of opposite colors of 16 men each, and of various powers, according to their rank."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Chess Board

"Chess is the most purely intellectual of all games of skill, the origin of which has been much disputed,…

Chicory is a flowering plant with blue flowers, originally from the Old World but now seen growing wild as a weed in North America.

Chicory

Chicory is a flowering plant with blue flowers, originally from the Old World but now seen growing wild…

"Arnotto-extremely common in Jamaica and other parts of the West Indies, and has been introduced into tropical regions of the old world."-Whitney, 1902

Arnotto

"Arnotto-extremely common in Jamaica and other parts of the West Indies, and has been introduced into…

"Dragonet is a genus of fishes remarkable for having the gill openings reduced to a small hole on each side of the nape, and the ventral fins placed under the throat, separate, and larger than the pectorals. The species are numerous, widely distributed in the temperate seas of the Old World, and generally finely colored."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cemmeous Dragonet

"Dragonet is a genus of fishes remarkable for having the gill openings reduced to a small hole on each…

"The Dragon Fly has a large, broad head, very freely attached to the thorax, and large, convex, prominent eyes, which often meet upon the crown of the head. Some 1,400 species have been described from all parts of the world."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Dragonfly

"The Dragon Fly has a large, broad head, very freely attached to the thorax, and large, convex, prominent…

"The Erne is one of the 'bare-legged' eagles. The genus includes some seven species, represented apparently in all parts of the world except South America. A notable species is the white-headed or bald eagle, the emblem of the United States. This erne is common in North America, both by the coasts and by inland lakes, and also occurs in Northern Europe. The general color is brown, but the head and neck of the adults are milky-white, and the same is true of the rounded tail."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Erne

"The Erne is one of the 'bare-legged' eagles. The genus includes some seven species, represented apparently…

"Felid&aelig; or Felin&aelig; is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic cat, lions, tigers, panthers, leopards, and lynxes. The felid&aelig; are found in all parts of the world except Australia. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tiger Head

"Felidæ or Felinæ is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic…

"Felid&aelig; or Felin&aelig; is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic cat, lions, tigers, panthers, leopards, and lynxes. The felid&aelig; are found in all parts of the world except Australia. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Partial Tiger Tongue

"Felidæ or Felinæ is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic…

"Felid&aelig; or Felin&aelig; is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic cat, lions, tigers, panthers, leopards, and lynxes. The felid&aelig; are found in all parts of the world except Australia. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tiger Paw

"Felidæ or Felinæ is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic…

"Thrush, in ornithology, is the name for any of the Turdid&aelig;. They are universally distributed, and are very highly organized birds, and it is for this reason, perhaps, as well as on account of their omnivorous diet, that they have been able to establish themselves on a number of remote islands. They differ widely in their habits and in their habitats; some are gregarious, others live solitarily or in pairs. The wood thrush is abundant in North America. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Song Thrush

"Thrush, in ornithology, is the name for any of the Turdidæ. They are universally distributed,…

"Turnstone is a small genus of birds of the plover family, intermediate between the true plovers and sandpipers. In winter the turnstone is found on the seashore all over the world, being probably the most cosmopolitan of all birds. It derives its name from its habit of turning over stones with its bill in search of its food, which consists of small crustaceans and mollusks. The common turnstone is nine inches in length, and is handsomely marked with black, white, and chestnut; the last-named color is reduced in autumn, when the plumage becomes duller; the legs and feet are orange."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Turnstone

"Turnstone is a small genus of birds of the plover family, intermediate between the true plovers and…

"Turtle is, in zoology, the popular name for any species of the Cheloniid&aelig;. They may be distinguished by their long, compressed, fin-shaped, non-retractile feet, with the toes inclosed in a common skin, from which only one or two claws project. The carapace is broad and much depressed, so that when these animals are on shore, and are turned over on their backs, they cannot regain the natural position. Turtles are marine animals; their pinnate feet and light shell render them excellent swimmers. They sometimes live at a great distance from land, to which they periodically return to deposit their soft-shelled eggs in the sand."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Skeleton of Turtle

"Turtle is, in zoology, the popular name for any species of the Cheloniidæ. They may be distinguished…

"The Umbrella Bird is a native of Peru. It is about the size of a crow, with deep black plumage; the head is adorned with a large spreading crest, which arises from a contractile skin, and capable of being erected at will; the shafts of the crest-feathers are white, and the plumes glossy blue, hair-like and curved outward at the tips. When the crest is laid back the shafts form a compact white mass, sloping up from the back of the head; when it is erected the shafts radiate on all sides from the top of the head, reaching in front beyond and below the beak, which is thus completely concealed from view. A long cylindrical plume hangs down from the middle of the neck; the feathers of the plume lap over each other like scales, and are bordered with metallic blue. Umbrella birds associate in small flocks, and live almost entirely upon fruits. Their cry, which resembles the lowing of a cow, is most frequently heard just before sunrise and after sunset."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Umbrellabird

"The Umbrella Bird is a native of Peru. It is about the size of a crow, with deep black plumage; the…

"Viper's Bugloss is a genus of plants. The species are large herbaceous plants or shrubs, rough with tubercles and hairs. Their flowers are often very beautiful. the common viper's bugloss, a large annual plant, is a native of Great Britain and of most parts of Europe growing in dry places, not infrequently in cornfields. Its flowers are at first reddish, and afterward blue. It derives its name, viper's bugloss, from spots on its stem, which somehat resemble those of the viper, and the property of healing viper's bites was therefore ascribed to it. Other herbaceous species are found in North and South America, and other parts of the world. Shrubby species are found chiefly in the Canaries and South Africa."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Viper's Bugloss

"Viper's Bugloss is a genus of plants. The species are large herbaceous plants or shrubs, rough with…

"Warbler is a popular name often applied to well-known singing birds of northern climes, whose notes are heard in wood, and hedge, and orchard, many of which commonly receive other popular names, as the blackcap, nightingale, hedgesparrow, redbreast, redstart, stonechat, wheatear, whitethroat, etc., while many receive the name warbler with some adjunct&ndash; reed warbler, etc. The more typical genera comprise birds of small size and plain plumage, usually alike in both sexes; most of them are migratory, going a long way S. of their breeding haunts to winter. Numerous species of warblers are found in North America, as suburban and country residents know, when the sunshine of May ushers in the summertime. They are birds of brighter plumage than the Old World warblers, but resemble them in their habits, and are also migrants."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Reed Warbler

"Warbler is a popular name often applied to well-known singing birds of northern climes, whose notes…

"Warbler is a popular name often applied to well-known singing birds of northern climes, whose notes are heard in wood, and hedge, and orchard, many of which commonly receive other popular names, as the blackcap, nightingale, hedgesparrow, redbreast, redstart, stonechat, wheatear, whitethroat, etc., while many receive the name warbler with some adjunct&ndash; reed warbler, etc. The more typical genera comprise birds of small size and plain plumage, usually alike in both sexes; most of them are migratory, going a long way S. of their breeding haunts to winter. Numerous species of warblers are found in North America, as suburban and country residents know, when the sunshine of May ushers in the summertime. They are birds of brighter plumage than the Old World warblers, but resemble them in their habits, and are also migrants."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Nest of Reed Warbler

"Warbler is a popular name often applied to well-known singing birds of northern climes, whose notes…

"Water Beetles are beetles which live on or in the water. The Dytiscus, common in stagnant water, is olive-green above, and oval in shape. The respiratory organs of the perfect insect are not adapted to obaining air from the water; it comes occasionally to the surface of the water for air, where it lies on its back, the openings of its air tubes in the last segment of the abdomen, being exposed."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Water Beetle

"Water Beetles are beetles which live on or in the water. The Dytiscus, common in stagnant water, is…

"Woodpecker is the popular name of the old Linn&aelig;an genus Picus, now greatly divided. Woodpeckers have a slender body, powerful beak, and protrusile tongue, which is sharp, barbed, and pointed, and covered with a glutinous secretion derived from glands in the throat, this coating being renewed every time the tongue is drawn within the bill. The tail is stiff and serves as a support when the birds are clinging to the branches or stems of trees. Woodpeckers are very widely distributed, but abound chiefly in warm climates. They are solitary in habit, and live in the depths of forests. Fruits, seeds, and insects constitute their food, and in pursuit of the latter they exhibit wonderful dexterity, climbing with astonishing quickness on the trunks and branches of trees, and when, by tapping with their bills, a rotten place has been discovered, they dig vigorously in search of the grubs or larv&aelig; beneath the bark."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Green Woodpecker

"Woodpecker is the popular name of the old Linnæan genus Picus, now greatly divided. Woodpeckers…

"Wren is a genus of birds, having a slender, slightly curved, and pointed bill; the wings very short and rounded; the tail short, and carried erect; the legs slender, and rather long. Their plumage is generally dull. They are abundant in the neotropical region, less common in the nearctic, pal&aelig;arctic, and parts of the Oriental regions. They live on or near the ground, seeking for insects and worms among low brushes, and in other similar situations. The common or European wren is found in all parts of Erurope, and in Morocco and Algeria, and in Asia Minor and Northern Persia. The common wren is more abundant in the N. than in the central and S. parts of Europe. It frequents gardens, hedges, and thickets. Its flight is not long sustained; it merely flits from bush to bush, or from one stone to another, with very rapid motion of the wings. It sometimes ascends trees, nearly in the manner of creepers."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Wren

"Wren is a genus of birds, having a slender, slightly curved, and pointed bill; the wings very short…

"These animals are generally called <em>Tree-corals</em>, on account of the forms of the polypidons which they build and in which they live. They are very small, and possess twelve short tentacles placed in a circle around the mouth; they occupy the cells in the polypidom, which is of a porus nature, the openings of the cells being placed at the summits of tubercular prominences of greater or lesser elevations. " &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Tree-coral

"These animals are generally called Tree-corals, on account of the forms of the polypidons…

"Hydrozoon is a name given to the great class of the sub-kingdom C&oelig;lenterata, of which hydra is the type. They exhibit a definite histological structure, their tissues having a cellular organization. These tissues are two, an outer or ectoderm, and an inner or endoderm. In most the prey is seized by tentacles surrounding the mouth and furnished with offensive weapons called thread cells, The hydrozoa are all aquatic, and nearly all marine. Their distribution is world-wide. [Pictured] Hydra fusca, with a young bud at b, and a more advanced bud at c."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hydrozoon

"Hydrozoon is a name given to the great class of the sub-kingdom Cœlenterata, of which hydra is…

"Iguana is a genus of saurian reptiles, natives of Brazil, Cayenne, the Bahamas, and neighboring localities in the New World. It was formerly very common in Jamaica, but is now becoming gradually rarer. It has a lizard-like form, with a long tail, and an average length of about four feet, though it sometimes reaches a length of fully six feet. Its head is large and covered with large scales. The food of the Iguana consists almost entirely of fruits, fungi, and other vegetable substances, though it occasionally feeds on eggs, insects, and various animal substances. When domesticated it eats leaves and flowers. Along the whole length of the back to the tip of the tail there is a crest of elevated, compressed, pointed scales, while over the lower part of the head and neck there is a deep, thin dewlap or throat pouch, the border describing a curved line and dentilated at the part nearest the chin."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Iguana

"Iguana is a genus of saurian reptiles, natives of Brazil, Cayenne, the Bahamas, and neighboring localities…

"Kinkajou is a genus of carnivorous mammals. They have prehensile tails, with which they hang on to trees. They have some affinity to the lemurs, of which they are the partial representatives in the New World, where they occur in South America and in Mexico. The best known species is about a foot long, with a tail of 18 inches. It feeds upon fruit, insects, and birds."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Kinkajou

"Kinkajou is a genus of carnivorous mammals. They have prehensile tails, with which they hang on to…

"Lizard is the popular name of numerous reptiles having usually two pairs of limbs and an elongated body terminating in a tail. The lizards number more than a thousand species, accommodating themselves to all conditions except cold, and increasing in size and number in tropical regions. Some lizards are vegetable feeders, but for the most part they are carnivorous and live upon small birds, insects, etc. The eggs are deposited and left to be hatched without care from the parents. The chief families of lizards are the skinks; the geckos; the iguana; and the chameleons. Poison glands are wanting in the lizards; the only exception being the Heloderma of Arizona and Mexico, which is capable of inflicting a poisonous bite by means of poison glands connected with grooved teeth."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lizard

"Lizard is the popular name of numerous reptiles having usually two pairs of limbs and an elongated…

"Lotus is a name given to various flowers, including several beautiful species of water lily, especially the blue water lily, and the Egyptian water lily which grow in stagnant and slowly running water in the S. of Asia and N. of Africa. The latter grows in the Nile and adjacent rivulets and has a large white flower. The root is eaten by the people who live near the lake Manzaleh. It was the rose of ancient Egypt, the favorite flower of the country, and was often made into wreaths or garlands."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Egyptian Water Lily

"Lotus is a name given to various flowers, including several beautiful species of water lily, especially…

"Mastodon is an extinct genus of proboscideans, closely allied to the true elephants. The genus ranged in time from the middle of the Miocene period to the end of the Pliocene in the Old World, when they became extinct. In America several species survived to a late leistocene period. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Mastodon

"Mastodon is an extinct genus of proboscideans, closely allied to the true elephants. The genus ranged…

"New York is a city in Southern New York; coextensive with New York, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties, on New York Bay, the Hudson and East rivers, Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; the first city in the United States in population and commercial importance, and after London, the largest metropolitan center in the world. Among the public buildings is the City Hall, 216 by 105 feet, and three stories high: completed in 1812 at a cost of $500,000. In the rear of the City Hall is the Court House."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

City Hall of New York

"New York is a city in Southern New York; coextensive with New York, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties,…

"New York is a city in Southern New York; coextensive with New York, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties, on New York Bay, the Hudson and East rivers, Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; the first city in the United States in population and commercial importance, and after London, the largest metropolitan center in the world. New York is noted for the number and height of its office buildings. In 1911 there were 50 such structures in occupancy, ranging from 14 to 50 stories in height, or from 179 to 700 feet above ground level, and 16 more were nearing completion. The tallest building was that of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 700 and one quarter feet to top of lantern on its majestic tower. Other conspicuous ones [include the] Park Row, 382 [feet]."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Park Row Building of New York

"New York is a city in Southern New York; coextensive with New York, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties,…

"The Osprey, the fish hawk, bald buzzard, or fishing eagle. A bird of prey, of almost world wide distribution usually near the seashore, and, unlike rapacious birds generally, are in some measure gregarious. In North America large communities of ospreys are found, and the purple grakle often builds close by. The osprey lays three or four eggs of a rich red to buffy white, with large reddish and brown markings."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Osprey

"The Osprey, the fish hawk, bald buzzard, or fishing eagle. A bird of prey, of almost world wide distribution…

"The act of reclining at meals. The Greeks and Romans were accustomed, in later times, to recline at their meals; but this practice could not have been od great antiquity in Greece, since Homer always describes persons as sitting at their meals; and Isidore of Seville, an ancient grammarian, also attributes the same custom to the ancient Romans. Even in the time of the early Roman emperors, children in families of the highest rank used to sit together, while their fathers and elders reclined on couches at the upper part of the room. Roman ladies continued the practice of sitting at table, even after the recumbent position had become common with the other sex. It appears to have been considered more decent, and more agreeable to the severity and purity of ancient manners for women to sit, more especially if many persons were present. But, on the other hand, we find cases of women reclining, where there was conceived to be nothing bold or indelicate in their posture. Such is the case in the following woodcut, which seems intended to represent a scene of matrimonial felicity. The husband and wife recline on a sofa; their two sons are in front of them; and several females and a boy are performing a piece of music for the entertainment of the married pair." — Smith, 1873

Accubatio

"The act of reclining at meals. The Greeks and Romans were accustomed, in later times, to recline at…

"In the oratory of more thn two thousand years Demosthenes stands in the front rank, and will always hold first place among the orators of the ancient world. He was born in 384 B.C. When he was only seven years of age, his father, a wealthy manufacturer of arms in Athens, died. When the youth came of age he found himself stripped of his inheritance by dishonest trustees. Aided by Isaeus he commenced a lawsuit against the chief embezzler, and succeeded in recovering about a third of his father's estate. The loss of his patrimony was the means of developing a spirit of courage and self-relience, which might otherwise have remained latent." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Demosthenes

"In the oratory of more thn two thousand years Demosthenes stands in the front rank, and will always…

Women playing a lyre.

Greek border

Women playing a lyre.

A group of women, with a lyre and wreath.

Sappho

A group of women, with a lyre and wreath.

The temple of Asklepios.

Temple of Asklepios

The temple of Asklepios.

"House construction consists mainly of concrete or brick, and sometimes of stone blocks, especially at the corners. Two-storied, sometimes three-storied houses are numerous, though the upper floors, built of wood, have been consumed by the eruption. Stores usually occupied the ground floors of dwelling-houses, on their street aspect, let out to merchants or dealers as at the present day, but not connected with the back part of the house. They could be separated from the street by large wooden doors, while inside they had tables covered with marble, in which earthen vessels for wine or oil were inserted. The storekeeper had sometimes a second room at the back, when he did not live on an upper floor or in another part of the town."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Pompeiian House

"House construction consists mainly of concrete or brick, and sometimes of stone blocks, especially…

"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus stands almost alone in the history of the world as a philosopher and philanthopist clothed in royal purple. He was born A.D. 121, adopted by Antoninus Pius in 138, became consul in 140, and succeeded his adoptive father as emperor in 161." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus

"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus stands almost alone in the history of the world as a philosopher and philanthopist…

"Constantine, the first Christian emperor, removed the capital of the world-empire from Rome to Byzantium, henceforth to be called Constantinople. Though the court, with all its splendor and power, was thus transferred to a city where Greek was the vernacular, the change did not retard, but rather hastened, the decline of literature." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Byzantine court

"Constantine, the first Christian emperor, removed the capital of the world-empire from Rome to Byzantium,…

"A shoe or boot, anything adapted to cover and preserve the feet in walking. The use of shoes was by no means universal amount the Greeks and Romans. The Homeric heroes are represented without shoes when armed for battle. Socrates, Phocion, and Cato, frequently went barefoot. The Roman slaves had no shoes. the covering of the feet was removed before reclining at meals. People in grief, as for instance at funerals, frequently went barefooted. Shoes may be divided into those in which the mere sole of a shoe was attached to the sole of the foot by ties or bands, or by a covering for the toes or the instep; and those which ascended hgher and higher, according as they covered the ankles, the calf, or the whole of the leg. To calceamenta of the latter kind, i.e. to shoes and boots, as distinguished from sandals and slippers, the term calceus was applied in its proper and restricted sense." &mdash; Smith, 1873; This image shows Calcei, Women's Shoes.

Calceus

"A shoe or boot, anything adapted to cover and preserve the feet in walking. The use of shoes was by…

A scene from "The Ugly Duckling."

Ugly Duckling

A scene from "The Ugly Duckling."

A scene from "The Ugly Duckling."

Ugly Duckling

A scene from "The Ugly Duckling."

Scene from "The Ram and the Pig Who Went to Live in the Woods."

Ram and PIg

Scene from "The Ram and the Pig Who Went to Live in the Woods."

Scene from "The Ram and the Pig Who Went to Live in the Woods."

Rooster

Scene from "The Ram and the Pig Who Went to Live in the Woods."

The Shoe-Billed Stork is a bird related to the Storks that feeds on creatures that live in muddy water.

Shoe-Billed Stork

The Shoe-Billed Stork is a bird related to the Storks that feeds on creatures that live in muddy water.