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"A genus of fishes, typical of the family Anomalopidæ: so called from the remarkable structure manifested by a glandular phosphorescent organ below the eye."-Whitney, 1902

Anomalops Palpebratus

"A genus of fishes, typical of the family Anomalopidæ: so called from the remarkable structure…

"A remarkable family of flying rodents of Africa; the scale-tailed squirrels."-Whitney, 1902

Scale-Tailed Squirrel

"A remarkable family of flying rodents of Africa; the scale-tailed squirrels."-Whitney, 1902

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphididæ and order Homoptera."-Whitney, 1902

Geranium Plant Louse

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphididæ and order Homoptera."-Whitney,…

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphididæ and order Homoptera."-Whitney, 1902

Apple Louse

"Aphis; a genus of small plant-sucking insects, of the family Aphididæ and order Homoptera."-Whitney,…

"The Apollo butterfly, <em>P. Apollo</em>, is found in the damp meadows of the high Alps; the wings are whitish, wth five black spots on each of the superior ones; on the inferior are two sparkling eye-like figures, bordered with black. It flies in June and July. Thus even wild mountain regions, as well as those of the florid tropics, are embellished by this beautiful family." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Apollo Butterfly

"The Apollo butterfly, P. Apollo, is found in the damp meadows of the high Alps; the wings…

"In the family <em>Culicidae</em>, or Gnats, which include several pre-eminently bloodthirsty species, the proboscis is especially suited for their worm of torment. It is often half the length of the insect, slender, sightly thickened at the tip, and incloses six long, sharp bristles." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Gnats

"In the family Culicidae, or Gnats, which include several pre-eminently bloodthirsty species,…

"Apteryx is a genus of birds, the typical one of the family apterygid&aelig;. Two species are known- the A. australis and A. mantelli, both from New Zealand. The natives call the former, and probably also the latter, Kiwikiwi, which is an imitation of their peculiar cry. The A. austalis is somewhat less in size than an ordinary goose. It runs when pursued, shelters itself in holes, and defends itself with its long bill; but unable as it is to fly, its fate, it is to be feared, will soon be that of the dodo- it is now almost extinct."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Apteryx

"Apteryx is a genus of birds, the typical one of the family apterygidæ. Two species are known-…

"The Aye-aye is an animal of Madagascar, so called from its cry, now referred to the lemur family. It is about the size of a hare, has large, flat ears and a bushy tail."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Aye-Aye

"The Aye-aye is an animal of Madagascar, so called from its cry, now referred to the lemur family. It…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Drone Bee

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Queen Bee

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Worker Bee

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Royal Cells

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"The <em>Nepa cinerea</em> is a European example of this family, which may be met with there in every pond." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Water Scorpion

"The Nepa cinerea is a European example of this family, which may be met with there in every…

"The family of <em>Fulgorina</em> includes the <em>Lantern-flies</em>, of which a large species inhabiting Guiana, the <em>Fulgora laternaria</em>, is said to emit considerable light in the dark." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Lantern Fly

"The family of Fulgorina includes the Lantern-flies, of which a large species inhabiting…

"The Spiny Lobster, <em>Palinurus vulgaris</em>, which may be taken as the type of the family, often weighs as muich as twelve or fifteen pounds. It was in great esteem among the ancient Romans, who denominated it <em>Locusta</em>. &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Spiny lobster

"The Spiny Lobster, Palinurus vulgaris, which may be taken as the type of the family, often…

"The family Oniscidae, including the well-known Wood-Louse, <em>Oniscus murarius</em>, and many similar animals, are characterized by the adaptation of their members to a terrestrial existence." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Wood-louse

"The family Oniscidae, including the well-known Wood-Louse, Oniscus murarius, and many similar…

"The Common Sand-hopper, <em>Talitrus locusta</em>, which may be met with in thousands upon thousands of European shores, is a well-known example of this family. Although its length is not much more than half an inch, it can leap several inches into the air, and the facility with which it escapes pursuit by burrowing into the soft wet sand is truly wonderful." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sand-hopper

"The Common Sand-hopper, Talitrus locusta, which may be met with in thousands upon thousands…

"The best-known form of the Copepoda is the genus <em>Cyclops</em>, specimens of whch may be found in every stagnant pool; it is the type of the family Cyclopidae, characterized by the possession of a single eye." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Cyclops

"The best-known form of the Copepoda is the genus Cyclops, specimens of whch may be found in…

"The family <em>Nereidae</em> includes some elongated and distinctly annulated worms, which possess a well-developed head, furnished with tentacles and eyes, and a mouth with a proboscis, which is sometimes furnished with two or four teeth." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Nereis

"The family Nereidae includes some elongated and distinctly annulated worms, which possess…

"Caladium is a genus of endogenous plants, the typical one of the family caladie&aelig;. They are cultivated in greenhouses here, and flourish in warmer parts of the world. The leaves of the caladium are boiled and eaten in the West Indies."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Caladium

"Caladium is a genus of endogenous plants, the typical one of the family caladieæ. They are cultivated…

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper lip; a long and arched neck; one or two humps or protuberances on the back; and a broad elastic foot ending in two small hoofs. The native country of the camel is said to extend from Morocco to China, within a zone of 900 or 1,000 miles in breadth. The common camel, having two humps, is found in the N. part of this region, and exclusively from the ancient Bactria, now Turkestan, to China. The dromedary, or single-humped camel is found throuhout the entire length of this zone. The camel will travel three days under a load and five days under a rider without drinking. It can live on little food, and of the coarsest kind. Camels which carry heavy burdens will do about 25 miles a day; those which are used for speed alone, from 60 to 90 miles a day. It lives from 40 to 50 years. The South American members of the family Camelid&aelig; contain the llama and alpaca; they have no humps."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Camel

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper…

The most remarkable family of the Echinida are the <em>Sea-Eggs</em> or <em>Sea-Urchins</em> - <em>Cidaridae</em>: they consist of several species, somewhat varying in form, some being nearly flat, some oval, some heart-shaped, and some like the <em>Echinus esculentus</em>, resembling an orange in shape." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sea-urchin

The most remarkable family of the Echinida are the Sea-Eggs or Sea-Urchins - Cidaridae:…

"In this family the arms appear to be merely prolongations of the disc; they are suaully five in number, and the plates from which the ambulacra are exserted are placed in deep furrows, which run along the lower surface of the arms." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Five-fingered jack

"In this family the arms appear to be merely prolongations of the disc; they are suaully five in number,…

"Cochineal is a dye-stuff employed in dyeing scarlet and crimson; consists of the bodies of the femals of a species of coccus, which feeds upon plants of the cactus family. The cochineal insect is a small creature, a pound of cochineal being calculated to contain 70,000 in a dried state."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Male Cochineal Insect

"Cochineal is a dye-stuff employed in dyeing scarlet and crimson; consists of the bodies of the femals…

"Cochineal is a dye-stuff employed in dyeing scarlet and crimson; consists of the bodies of the femals of a species of coccus, which feeds upon plants of the cactus family. The cochineal insect is a small creature, a pound of cochineal being calculated to contain 70,000 in a dried state."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Female Cochineal Insect

"Cochineal is a dye-stuff employed in dyeing scarlet and crimson; consists of the bodies of the femals…

"Creepers are a family of birds which strongly resemble the woodpeckers in their habit of creeping on the stems of trees with the aid of the strong quills which project from the tail-feathers, and of securing their insect food by an exsertile tongue."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Common Creeper

"Creepers are a family of birds which strongly resemble the woodpeckers in their habit of creeping on…

"Eagle is a name given to many birds of prey in the family Falconid&aelig;. The golden eagle, the white-headed eagle, and the sea eagles are characteristic examples. The white-tailed or sea eagles are absent only in South America."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sea Eagle

"Eagle is a name given to many birds of prey in the family Falconidæ. The golden eagle, the white-headed…

"Felid&aelig; or Felin&aelig; is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic cat, lions, tigers, panthers, leopards, and lynxes. The felid&aelig; are found in all parts of the world except Australia. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tiger Head

"Felidæ or Felinæ is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic…

"Felid&aelig; or Felin&aelig; is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic cat, lions, tigers, panthers, leopards, and lynxes. The felid&aelig; are found in all parts of the world except Australia. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Partial Tiger Tongue

"Felidæ or Felinæ is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic…

"Felid&aelig; or Felin&aelig; is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic cat, lions, tigers, panthers, leopards, and lynxes. The felid&aelig; are found in all parts of the world except Australia. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tiger Paw

"Felidæ or Felinæ is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic…

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in length, has the head and upper part of the neck of a rich shining green, the feathers of the crown and back of the head elongated, the back black and gray, the wings black and white, the breast and belly of a delicate reddish-buff color. The bill, legs, and feet are orange-red. the female, which is rather smaller, has the head reddish-brown, with a less decided tuft than the male, and much grayer plumage. The goosander is a native of the Arctic regions, extending into the temperate parts of America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goosander

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in…

"Goose is the name of a well-known family of natatorial birds. The domestic goose is believed to have descended form the greylag goose. It is valued for the table and on account of its quills and fine soft feather. The body is large and heavy, the neck long, the head small, and the bill conical, the wings long and powerful, the feet somewhat long, with small toes. In summer the wild goose inhabits the polar regions, migrating south in flocks on the approach of winter. The nest which is of coarse grass, is generally situated in marshy places."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Wild Goose

"Goose is the name of a well-known family of natatorial birds. The domestic goose is believed to have…

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in length, has the head and upper part of the neck of a rich shining green, the feathers of the crown and back of the head elongated, the back black and gray, the wings black and white, the breast and belly of a delicate reddish-buff color. The bill, legs, and feet are orange-red. the female, which is rather smaller, has the head reddish-brown, with a less decided tuft than the male, and much grayer plumage. The goosander is a native of the Arctic regions, extending into the temperate parts of America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goosander

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in…

"The Grayling is a genus of fresh-water fishes in the salmon family, distinguished from trout, etc., by the smaller mouth and teeth, and by the long, many-rayed dorsal fin. The genus is represented by five species inhabiting clear streams in North America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Grayling

"The Grayling is a genus of fresh-water fishes in the salmon family, distinguished from trout, etc.,…

"Hawk Moth is a family of the lepidopterous insects, forming along with the clear winged moths and the burnets and foresters the tribe Spinghinges. They are insects generally of rapid flight, and fly about in the twilight; Some species also during the day. Their caterpillars are sixteen-legged, flat, smooth, often green, with transverse stripes on the sides and nearly always a horn on the back of the second last segment. One of the most remarkable hawk moths is the Death's-head. It sometimes measures nearly 6 inches across the wings."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hawk Moth

"Hawk Moth is a family of the lepidopterous insects, forming along with the clear winged moths and the…

"Tinamou is the name given to a genus and family of birds occurring in South America, and allied in some respects to the ostrich and emu. They somewhat resemble a partridge, and vary in size from that of a pheasant down to that of a quail. The great tinamou is about 18 inches long, and inhabits the forests of Guiana."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tinamou

"Tinamou is the name given to a genus and family of birds occurring in South America, and allied in…

"Trout is a term applied generally to various species of fishes belonging to the salmon family. The best-known species, and that which par excellence receives the name, is the common trout, a fish which inhabits clear and running streams. The average weight of the common trout is from three-fourths to one pound. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Common River Trout

"Trout is a term applied generally to various species of fishes belonging to the salmon family. The…

"Turnstone is a small genus of birds of the plover family, intermediate between the true plovers and sandpipers. In winter the turnstone is found on the seashore all over the world, being probably the most cosmopolitan of all birds. It derives its name from its habit of turning over stones with its bill in search of its food, which consists of small crustaceans and mollusks. The common turnstone is nine inches in length, and is handsomely marked with black, white, and chestnut; the last-named color is reduced in autumn, when the plumage becomes duller; the legs and feet are orange."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Turnstone

"Turnstone is a small genus of birds of the plover family, intermediate between the true plovers and…

"Viper is a genus of venomous snakes. This family includes many important forms&ndash; e. g., the common adder, the asp, extending as far N. as Sweden; the African horned viper and puff adder, the Indian daboia or Russell's viper, and the Indian Echis carinata. The head is relatively broad, somewhat triangular, and generally covered with scales; the eye has a vertical pupil, and there is no pit between it and the nostril; the maxilla bears on each side one functional fang, usually with several reserve fangs beside it; the poison is virulent. The vipers are widely distributed through Europe and Australia; the majority are African. As far as is known they are viviparous."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Common Vipers

"Viper is a genus of venomous snakes. This family includes many important forms– e. g., the common…

"Viper is a genus of venomous snakes. This family includes many important forms&ndash; e. g., the common adder, the asp, extending as far N. as Sweden; the African horned viper and puff adder, the Indian daboia or Russell's viper, and the Indian Echis carinata. The head is relatively broad, somewhat triangular, and generally covered with scales; the eye has a vertical pupil, and there is no pit between it and the nostril; the maxilla bears on each side one functional fang, usually with several reserve fangs beside it; the poison is virulent. The vipers are widely distributed through Europe and Australia; the majority are African. As far as is known they are viviparous."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Common Viper

"Viper is a genus of venomous snakes. This family includes many important forms– e. g., the common…

"A Vulture is any member of the family Vulturid&aelig; included among the birds of prey. In all the vultures the head and neck are more or less bare, the beak is long and curved only at the tip; the legs and feet are large and powerful, but the toes and claws are relatively weak. They are thus well adapted for walking and feeding on the ground, but are unable to carry off their prey like the eagles and hawks. The wings are very strong, and their powers of swift and sustained flight are remarkable."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

King Vulture

"A Vulture is any member of the family Vulturidæ included among the birds of prey. In all the…

"The <em>Cydippe</em>, formerly called <em>Beroe Pileus</em>, is noe referred to this family, it has a globular body, with two long ciliated appendages." &mdash; Goodrich, 18591`

Cydippe

"The Cydippe, formerly called Beroe Pileus, is noe referred to this family, it has…

"It is to this family more especially that the formation of the coral reeds is to be attributed. In this the corals usually form thick stony masses; the stony rays of the cells are exceedingly numerous, and the cels themselves penetrate deeply into the mass of coral, although they are generally partially divided by imperfect transverse paritions." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Astraea rotulosa

"It is to this family more especially that the formation of the coral reeds is to be attributed. In…

"In the family of the Gorgonidae the substance of the polypidom is collected into a solid central axis, covered by the fleshy mass in which the polypes are imbedded. The axis is cometimes calcareous, sometimes horny; in certain casees it is formed of a series of joints united by horny rings. Many species grow in a more or less aborescent form, of which the <em>Sea-Fans</em> are an example." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sea-fan

"In the family of the Gorgonidae the substance of the polypidom is collected into a solid central axis,…

"The Tubularidae are a family of hydroid polypes are for the most part social animals, frequently possessing a polypidom, which, however, when present, is of much less firm consistence than the horny framework of the Sertularidae. The polypes are never entirely retractable within their tubes; the upper extremity is enlarged into a clavate head, surrounded by a variable number of tentacles." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Tubularia coronata

"The Tubularidae are a family of hydroid polypes are for the most part social animals, frequently possessing…

"Jay is the popular name of a species of birds belonging to the crow family, of a vinous red color; the back pale gray; the rump and upper tail coverts white; the tail black or gray, with bluish-gray bars; the wing coverts light gray, in the median series light gray inclining to chestnut; the bastard wing or primary coverts barred with black or bright cobalt blue; headed with an erectile crest; forehead white, streaked with black. Length about 13 inches. It is a beautiful bird, but attacks peas and other garden crops, to which it is very destructive, especially in the vicinity of woods and forests, alnd also easts worms, larv&aelig;, and snails. It is often kept as a cage bird. The common blue jay is found over a large portion of North and South America. The green jay of the Unites States is well known."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Jay

"Jay is the popular name of a species of birds belonging to the crow family, of a vinous red color;…

"Astarte sulcata; In some systems of zoological classification, a family of dimyarian bi-valves, an external ligament, cardinal teeth, and also lateral teeth on each valve, the pallial line entire, the muscular scars ovate, and a distinct pedal scar above the anterior muscular one."-Whitney, 1902.

Astarte sulcata

"Astarte sulcata; In some systems of zoological classification, a family of dimyarian bi-valves, an…

"The Octopus is the typical genus of the family Octopodid&aelig;. The body is oval, warty, or cirrose, finless; arms long, unequal, suckers in two rows, mantle supported in front by the branchial septum. In the male the third right arm is hectocotylized. Found on the coasts of the temperate and tropical zones. Forty-six species are known, varying in length from one inch only to a number of feet. They are solitary animals, frequenting rocky shores, and are very active and voracious, the females oviposit on seaweeds or in empty shells. The term 'octopus' is applied in the United States to monopolies supposed to resemble the octopus in their grasping and voracious character."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Octopus

"The Octopus is the typical genus of the family Octopodidæ. The body is oval, warty, or cirrose,…

"Opossom is the popular name for the pouched mammals which have a geographical range from the United States to Patagonia. They vary from the size of a mouse to that of a large cat, and have long noses, ears, and (generally) naked prehensile tails. The Virginian opossum, common over all temperate America, is the best-known of the family, and is found even in towns, where it acts as a scavenger by night. The crab-eating opossom inhabits Central and tropical South America."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Water Opossom

"Opossom is the popular name for the pouched mammals which have a geographical range from the United…

"This striking picture, by a celebrated French artist, has excited marked attention ever since it was first exhibited at the Paris Salon. The grouping is admirable, and by the abscence of all accessories the interest is skillfully concentrated on the principal personage, the attending surgeon, and the pale boy whose arm he is bandaging and who is striving not to wince beneath the treatment. That the hurt is not trifling is shown by the basin of blood and the look of concern in the counternances of the surrounding family, who are yet sufficiently composed to indicate that there is no imminent danger. The strongly lined faces of the peasants, with their vary expressions, contrasted with the rude interior, form a graphic study." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Doctor

"This striking picture, by a celebrated French artist, has excited marked attention ever since it was…

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxerid&aelig; attach themselves to various plants, on the juice of which they feed, and which they often injure or destroy. P. vastatrix is the name given to an insect of this family, which, since 1865, has committed great devastation in the vineyards of France. Great numbers of this insect appear on the roots of the vine, where they produce galls, and their punctures are so numerous and incessant that the roots can no longer supply nutriment to the plant, which fades and dies. There is a form which lives on the leaves, also producing galls."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Phylloxera

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxeridæ attach…

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxerid&aelig; attach themselves to various plants, on the juice of which they feed, and which they often injure or destroy. P. vastatrix is the name given to an insect of this family, which, since 1865, has committed great devastation in the vineyards of France. Great numbers of this insect appear on the roots of the vine, where they produce galls, and their punctures are so numerous and incessant that the roots can no longer supply nutriment to the plant, which fades and dies. There is a form which lives on the leaves, also producing galls."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Phylloxera

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxeridæ attach…

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxerid&aelig; attach themselves to various plants, on the juice of which they feed, and which they often injure or destroy. P. vastatrix is the name given to an insect of this family, which, since 1865, has committed great devastation in the vineyards of France. Great numbers of this insect appear on the roots of the vine, where they produce galls, and their punctures are so numerous and incessant that the roots can no longer supply nutriment to the plant, which fades and dies. There is a form which lives on the leaves, also producing galls."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Phylloxera

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxeridæ attach…

"The Raven is a large bird of the crow family. The raven has played an important part in mythology and folk-lore. It is the first bird mentioned by name in the Old Testament; by the ministry of ravens Elijah was fed, and they were to be the ministers of vengeance on unruly children. The raven was the bird of Odin, and in classic mythology was of ill-omen, a character often attributed to it by the early English dramatists. Marlowe calls it the 'sad presageful raven.' and Shakespeare repeatedly refers to the belief that its appearance foreboded misfortune. This belief, which is widespread, probably arose from the preternaturally grave manner of the bird, its sable plumage, and the readiness with which it learns to imitate human speech."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Raven

"The Raven is a large bird of the crow family. The raven has played an important part in mythology and…

"Rhinoceros Atelodus, with two well-marked species, peculiar to Africa. Incisors rudimentary or wanting, well-developed anterior and posterior horns in close contact; skin without definite permanent folds. R. bicornis, the common two-horned rhinoceros, is the smaller, and has a pointed prehensile lip. It ranges from Abyssinia to Cape Colony, but the progress of civilization and the attacks of sportsmen are rapidly reducing its numbers. Two varieties are said to exist, the square-mouthed, or white rhinoceros, has a square truncated lip, browses on grasses and frequents open country. It is the largest of the family, an adult male standing over six feet at the shoulder."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Rhinoceros Bicornis

"Rhinoceros Atelodus, with two well-marked species, peculiar to Africa. Incisors rudimentary or wanting,…

"Sarcophagus, plural Sarcophagi, is a kind of stone used among the Greeks for making coffins, and so called because it was believed to have the property of consuming the flesh of dead bodies deposited in it within a few weeks. Hence a coffin or tomb of stone; a kind of stone chest used for containing a dead body. In modern times stone coffins are occasionally used for royal or distinguished persons."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sarcophagus of Scipio

"Sarcophagus, plural Sarcophagi, is a kind of stone used among the Greeks for making coffins, and so…

"The Seal, of the family Phocid&aelig;, or seal tribe, are, of all four-limbed mammiferous animals, those which display the most complete adaptation to residence in the water. The seal has considerable resemblance to a quadruped in some respects, and to a fish in others. The head is round, and the nose, which is broad, resembles that of a dog, with the same look of intelligence and mild and expressive physiognomy. It has large whiskers, oblong nostrils, and great black sparkling eyes. It has no external ears, but a valve exists in the orifices, which can be closed at will, so as to keep out the water; the nostrils have a similar valve; and the clothing of the body consists of stiff glossy hairs, very closely set against the skin. The body is elongated and conical, gradually tapering from the shoulders to the tail. The spine is provided with strong muscles, which bend it with considerable force; and this movement is of great assistance to the propulsion of the body."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hooded Seal

"The Seal, of the family Phocidæ, or seal tribe, are, of all four-limbed mammiferous animals,…

Family gathering for dinner

Dinner

Family gathering for dinner

"Snipe is the name of a common family of birds. The common American snipe is about equal in size to the common snipe of Europe, and much resembles it also in plumage. The tail has 16 feathers. This species is abundant in summer in the N. parts of the United States and in Canada, and in the more S. States in winter. It is much in request for the table, and is often caught in snares. It is much esteemed as a delicious and well-flavored dish."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snipe

"Snipe is the name of a common family of birds. The common American snipe is about equal in size to…

"Spoonbill is the popular name of the birds of the genus Platalea, belonging to the heron family (Ardeid&aelig;), order Grallatores, from the shape of the bill, which is somewhat like a spoon, being curiously widened out at the tip. Live in society in wooded marshes, and on the sea-shore. Adult male is about 32 inches long; plumage white with pale pink tinge; at the junction of the neck with the breast there is a band of buffy yellow; the naked skin on the throat is yellow; legs and feet black; bill about eight inches long, very much flattened and grooved at the base, the expanded portion yellow, the rest black. There is a white occipital crest in both sexes. The spoonbill possesses no power of modulating its voice. The windpipe is bent on itself, like the figure 8 , the coils applied to each other and held in place by a thin membrane. This peculiarity does not exist in young birds. The roseate spoonbill, a native of the United States, has rose-colored plumage."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Spoonbill

"Spoonbill is the popular name of the birds of the genus Platalea, belonging to the heron family (Ardeidæ),…