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"These are little fish-like animals furnished with one or two fin-like organs on the body and a broad and usually bilobed caudal-fin. they are of small size and swim with great rapidity. They have hitherto been found principally in the North Sea and in the Mediterranean. The name of <em>Sagitta</em>, given to these animals, refers to their arrow-like appearance." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sagitta

"These are little fish-like animals furnished with one or two fin-like organs on the body and a broad…

"View at Sander's Creek. This view is from the north side of the Creek. like the other stream, it is filled with canes, shrubs, and many blasted pines."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Sander's Creek

"View at Sander's Creek. This view is from the north side of the Creek. like the other stream, it is…

"View at Nelson's Ferry, the spot here portrayed, was an important locality during the Revolution. It was the principal crossing-place of the Santee for travelers or troops passing between Camden and Charleston, and as such, commanded the attention of the British after they captured the latter city. A redoubt was cast up there upon the north side of the Santee, and garrisoned by a small detachment; and to that point, as we have seen, Lord Rawdon retreated from Camden."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Nelson's Ferry

"View at Nelson's Ferry, the spot here portrayed, was an important locality during the Revolution. It…

"View at Turtle Bay. Turtle Bay is a small rock-bound cove of the East River, at the foot of Forty-seventh Street. The banks are high and precipitous, and afforded a safe retreat for small vessels. Here the government had made a magazine of military stores, and these the Sons of Liberty determined to seize. Under the direction of Lamb, Sears, Willett, and McDougal, a party procured a sloop at Greenwich, came stealthily through the dangerous vortex of Hell Gate at twilight, and at midnight surprised and captured the guard, and secured the stores. The old store-house in which they were deposited is yet standing upon a wharf on the southern side of the little bay. The above view is from the bank at the foot of Forty-sixth Street. Beyond the rocky point on the north side of the bay is seen the lower end of Blackwell's Island, with the shore of Long Island in the distance. On the left of the old store-house, is seen the bridge across the mouth of Newtown Creek, a locality which will be mentioned presently in connection with a notice of the landing of troops under Sir Henry Clinton."—Lossing, 1851

Turtle Bay

"View at Turtle Bay. Turtle Bay is a small rock-bound cove of the East River, at the foot of Forty-seventh…

"Place where the British crossed the Bronx. This view is from the southeastern side of the Bronx, a little more than half a mile below the rail-way station at White Plains, looking north. The rail-way bridge is seen on the extreme right. Between that and the barn on the left the British ascended. In the field, seen a little to the left of the telegraph posts, toward the center, and the one on the summit beyond, the hottest of the engagement occurred. The latter is on the land of Mr. Cornelius Horton. In a hollow, near a large hickory-tree, on the southwest side of Chatterton's Hill, are the graves of many of the slain."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Bronx

"Place where the British crossed the Bronx. This view is from the southeastern side of the Bronx, a…

"View at Fort Washington. This is a view from the site of the interior works at Fort Washington from the foot of the flag-staff, loking southwest. In the foreground are seen the remains of the embankments. The tall mast seen near the river below is the support for telegraph wires which cross the Hudson there, from the rocky point of Jefrrey's Hook. In the distance across the river are the Palisades, and the mast upon their summit denotes the site of the redoubt north of Fort Lee. This little sketch exhibits the relative position of Forts Washington and Lee."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Fort Washington

"View at Fort Washington. This is a view from the site of the interior works at Fort Washington from…

"Hannibal's Passage of the Alps. Hannibal determined to carry the war into Italy. To do this, he had to fight his way through Spain and cross the Alps, which were regarded as an impassable barrier between Italy and the North. In this he succeeded, although he lost one half of his troops and almost all the beasts of burden in the passage. This is justly regarded as one of the greatest military feats in history. In modern times Napoleon accomplished it, but both he and his historians have accounted it one of the best proofs of his genius, that he, in the nineteenth century, should be able to do what Hannibal had accomplished in the third century B. C. Hannibal crossed the Alps probably by way of what is now known as the Little St. Bernard Pass. The Gauls on the Italian side of the Alps welcomed him as their deliverer, and he was soon in the plains of northern Italy."&mdash;Colby, 1899

Hannibal

"Hannibal's Passage of the Alps. Hannibal determined to carry the war into Italy. To do this, he had…

"Saracen Arms. Charlemagne now had to deal with certain non-Germanic peoples who were threatening his borders. These were the Saracens, Slavs, and Avars. The Mohammedan Saracens, or Moors, had gained possession of the whole of Spain, but there were still small fragments of the ancient Visigothic kingdom in the north. It was to save these little Christian states from their Mohammedan oppressors, as well as to round out the limits of his own kingdom, that Charlemagne undertook a campaign against the Saracens."&mdash;Colby, 1899

Saracen Arms

"Saracen Arms. Charlemagne now had to deal with certain non-Germanic peoples who were threatening his…

The Santa Maria

Santa Maria

The Santa Maria

Amerigo Vespucci. Born 1451; died 1512.

Amerigo Vespucci

Amerigo Vespucci. Born 1451; died 1512.

"Flag of the Dutch West India Company. When the rights of the company ceased, a new and more powerful company was forced in Holland in 1621, called the West India Company, with full control of New Netherland. It was a trading company like the others, but it was intended also to dispute the Spanish power in America. The Dutch captains, like the English, found a profitable business in capturing Spanish vessels. The West India Company encouraged people to settle on its lands; it explored the North River and the South River, now known as the Delaware; and villages grew up about Fort Orange, and at New Amsterdam, as the Dutch called the settlement on Manhattan Island."—Scudder, 1897

Dutch West India Flag

"Flag of the Dutch West India Company. When the rights of the company ceased, a new and more powerful…

"A stockade. Those settlers who lived outside of Roston and the few seaport villages built palisades about their houses and farm buildings. A group of buildings thus protected was called a stockade."&mdash;Scudder, 1897

stockade

"A stockade. Those settlers who lived outside of Roston and the few seaport villages built palisades…

"The Charter Oak. In Hartford the colonial government met to deliver up the charter. It was evening, and the charter lay on the table. Suddenly the candles were blown out. When they were relighted, the character had disappeared. One of the members had it carried it off; and the story is that he hid it in the hollow trunk of the oak which long stood, and bore the name of the Charter Oak."—Scudder, 1897

Charter Oak

"The Charter Oak. In Hartford the colonial government met to deliver up the charter. It was evening,…

The Treaty Elm in 1800

Treaty Elm

The Treaty Elm in 1800

"Stamp from the Stamp Act. The first direct issue of importance between the colonies and England came when Parliament undertook to lay a tax to be collected by officers appointed for the purpose. This was the Stamp Act, by which it was required that a stamp should be affixed to any deed, contract, bill of sale, will, and the like, made in America before it could be legal. These stamps were to be made in England and sent over to American to be sold by the government officers. It was intended that the money thus raised should be used for the support of the king's troops in America. The Stamp Act was passed by Parliament in March, 1765, and as soon as this was known in America, the colonies, from one end of the land to the other, were full of indignation. Parliament, they said, might make laws to regulate the commerce of the empire, and so draw revenue from America; but it had no right to lay a direct tax like this. Only the colonial governments, elected by the people, could lay such a tax."&mdash;Scudder, 1897

Stamp Act

"Stamp from the Stamp Act. The first direct issue of importance between the colonies and England came…

"Western Grebe. &AElig;chmophorus- A genus of large, long-necked grebes of America, having the bill extremely long, slender, and acute, whence the name."-Whitney, 1902

Grebe

"Western Grebe. Æchmophorus- A genus of large, long-necked grebes of America, having the bill…

"Stamp from the Stamp Act. The first direct issue of importance between the colonies and England came when Parliament undertook to lay a tax to be collected by officers appointed for the purpose. This was the Stamp Act, by which it was required that a stamp should be affixed to any deed, contract, bill of sale, will, and the like, made in America before it could be legal. These stamps were to be made in England and sent over to American to be sold by the government officers. It was intended that the money thus raised should be used for the support of the king's troops in America. The Stamp Act was passed by Parliament in March, 1765, and as soon as this was known in America, the colonies, from one end of the land to the other, were full of indignation. Parliament, they said, might make laws to regulate the commerce of the empire, and so draw revenue from America; but it had no right to lay a direct tax like this. Only the colonial governments, elected by the people, could lay such a tax."&mdash;Scudder, 1897

Stamp Act

"Stamp from the Stamp Act. The first direct issue of importance between the colonies and England came…

"A grallatorial bird, a native of South America, often called the golden-breasted trumpeter."-Whitney, 1902

Agami

"A grallatorial bird, a native of South America, often called the golden-breasted trumpeter."-Whitney,…

"Century-plant. A large North American genus of plants, of the natural order Amaryllidace&aelig;, chiefly Mexican."-Whitney, 1902

Agave

"Century-plant. A large North American genus of plants, of the natural order Amaryllidaceæ, chiefly…

"The first passenger locomotive built in the United States. A year after the Enterprise sailed for India, the first railroad in the United States was opened in Massachusetts, from the Quincy quarries to tide water. It was only two miles long, and was used for hauling granite; the cars were drawn by horses. It was the first use of rails in America. In 1830 the first passenger railway in America was opened. It extended westward from Baltimore about fifteen miles, and now forms a part of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The cars were at first drawn by horses, but a locomotive was used the next year. Its first locomotive was built by Peter Cooper, who made later the generous and useful gift of the Cooper Union to the city of New York. Now began the construction of railroads in various directions; in the next twenty years nearly ten thousand miles of road were built. This mileage has constantly been increased, until in 1895 there were in operation in the United States nearly one hundred and eighty thousand miles of railway."—Scudder, 1897

Passenger Train

"The first passenger locomotive built in the United States. A year after the Enterprise sailed for India,…

In 1859, John Brown collected a small body of men, white and black, in the mountains of Maryland. He made a sudden attack upon Harper's Ferry, where there was a United States arsenal, which he seized and held for a few hours. The attack was a direct assault upon slavery. Brown had resolved to carry the war into what he regarded as the enemy's country, and he expected to see the slaves flock to his standard. There were few at the North who knew of his purpose; and the country, North and South, was amazed at the act. John Brown was wounded and taken prisoner; some of his associates were killed, and some were taken with him. He was tried by the State of Virginia, sentenced, and hanged. His action was generally condemned by the people, but many declared him a martyr to freedom, and accused slavery of provoking him to the deed. His act, moreover, deepened the feeling of the South that the North was in a hostile attitiude; and public opinion at the South held the North responsible for Brown's movement."—Scudder, 1897

John Brown

In 1859, John Brown collected a small body of men, white and black, in the mountains of Maryland. He…

"A North American fish, Clupea Vernalis, from 8 to 10 inches long, resembling a small shad, but much inferior to it as food."-Whitney, 1902

Alewife

"A North American fish, Clupea Vernalis, from 8 to 10 inches long, resembling a small shad, but much…

"Laying the Atlantic Cable. In 1866, a previous attempt in 1858 having failed, a telegraphic cable was laid upon the bed of the Atlantic between America and Europe. This cable was followed by others; but a closer connection between the United States and the Old World than any effected by the telegraph is formed by the constant passage back and forth of people. With the close of the war, immigration, which had suffered a check, increased rapidly. From 1871 to 1880 nearly three millions, and from 1881 to 1890, more than five millions, of people migrated to the United States. During the present decade, up to 1897, three millions of immigrants have swelled the population of the century. From 1789 to 1894, a period of one hundred and five years, the United States has absorbed an alien population of about eighteen millions."&mdash;Scudder, 1897

Atlantic Cable

"Laying the Atlantic Cable. In 1866, a previous attempt in 1858 having failed, a telegraphic cable was…

A species of dung beetle found in America.

Tumblebugs

A species of dung beetle found in America.

Embarkation of Christopher Columbus at Palos.

Embarking

Embarkation of Christopher Columbus at Palos.

A palisaded Indian Town in Alabama during early Spanish America.

Indian Town

A palisaded Indian Town in Alabama during early Spanish America.

Fort Carolina on the River of May

Fort Carolina

Fort Carolina on the River of May

Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, a Spanish soldier who landed at and named St. Augustine and attacked the French at Fort Carolina.

Pedro Menéndez de Avilés

Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, a Spanish soldier who landed at and named St. Augustine and attacked the…

Jacques Cartier, voyager of St. Malo, coasted along the north of Newfoundland in 1534 and passed through the Straits of Belle Ilse into the water now known as St. Lawrence Gulf, and into the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. Erecting a cross, he took possession of the shores in the name of the king of France.

Jacques Cartier

Jacques Cartier, voyager of St. Malo, coasted along the north of Newfoundland in 1534 and passed through…

An Indian village at the Roanoke settlement.

Indians Village

An Indian village at the Roanoke settlement.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583) of Devon in England was a half-brother of Sir Walter Raleigh (they had the same mother, Catherine Champernowne), and cousin of Sir Richard Grenville. Adventurer, explorer, member of parliament, and soldier, he served during the reign of Queen Elizabeth and was a pioneer of the English colonial empire in North America and the Plantations of Ireland.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583) of Devon in England was a half-brother of Sir Walter…

"River-Mussel (Anodonta fragilis), North Carolina."-Whitney, 1902

River Mussel

"River-Mussel (Anodonta fragilis), North Carolina."-Whitney, 1902

"A heavy, springless wagon, usually covered with a screen as shelter from the rays of the sun, drawn by oxen or cows, and used throughout north-western and central Asia, India, Turkey, and Russia, wherever Tatars have settled."-Whitney, 1902

Araba

"A heavy, springless wagon, usually covered with a screen as shelter from the rays of the sun, drawn…

"This important insect is a native of the north of China; and a great portion of the supplies of silk for Europe and America are still derived from that country." — Goodrich, 1859

Silkworm Moth, Caterpillar, and Chrysalis

"This important insect is a native of the north of China; and a great portion of the supplies of silk…

"Base Ball is a field game played principally in the United States. It originated in the English school-boy game of "rounders;" but it has been so improved and so generally played as to merit its name of "the National game of America." The plaing of baseball has become largely a business or a "profession," and skilled players receive large salaries. As an amateur game, however, it is also most popular."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Baseball Diamond

"Base Ball is a field game played principally in the United States. It originated in the English school-boy…

"The Beaver is a quadruped of the order Rodentia, or gnawers, the only species of its genus. It is very widely distributed, being found in the N. parts of Europe, Asia, and America, nowadays most abundantly in the N. and thinly peopled parts of North America, dwelling in communities on the banks of rivers and lakes."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Beaver

"The Beaver is a quadruped of the order Rodentia, or gnawers, the only species of its genus. It is very…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Drone Bee

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Queen Bee

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Worker Bee

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee (apis mellifica). It belongs to the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is now naturalized in the Western. A hive commonly consists of one mother or queen, from 600 to 800 males or drones, and from 15,000 to 20,000 working bees, formerly termed neuters, but now known to be imperfectly developed females. The humblebees, or bumblebees, of which over 60 species are found in North America, belong to the genus bombus, which is almost world wide in its distribution. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Royal Cells

"Bee is the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

"In America the cicadas have the general name of <em>Harvest-flies</em>; they are also often improperly called <em>Locusts</em>. There are several species, one of which, the Red-eyed cicada, <em>C. septendicim</em>, is remarkable on account of the popular notion that it appears only once in seventeen years, in the same locality, being supposed to pass the interval in its preparatory stages." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Cicada

"In America the cicadas have the general name of Harvest-flies; they are also often improperly…

"Cacao, or cocoa, is the chocolate tree, and also the powder and beverage made with it obtained from the fruit of this tree. The tree is 16 to 18 feet high, a native of tropical America, and much cultivated in the tropics of both hemispheres, especially in the West India Islands, Central and South America. Its fruit is contained in pointed, oval, ribbed pods 6 to 10 inches long, each inclosing 50 to 100 seeds in a white, sweetish pulp. The term coca is a corruption of cacao, but is more commonly used in commerce: cocoa nuts, however, are obtained from an entirely different tree."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cacao Plant

"Cacao, or cocoa, is the chocolate tree, and also the powder and beverage made with it obtained from…

"The spiders with which we in temperate climates are most acquainted are of small size, but in hot regions there are several species whose extended legs occupy a circle of six or seven inches in diameter. Some of these, belonging to the genus <em>Mygale</em>, found in South America and Mexico, are said to attack young humming-birds, and to climb trees for this purpose." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Mygale

"The spiders with which we in temperate climates are most acquainted are of small size, but in hot regions…

"Chess is the most purely intellectual of all games of skill, the origin of which has been much disputed, but probably arose in India 5,000 years ago, and thence spread through Persia and Arabia, to Europe and America. The game has undergone many modifications during its diffusion throughout the world, but retains marked traces of its Oriental origin. The game is played by two persons on a board which consists of 64 squares, arranged in 8 rows of 8 squares each, alternately black and white. Each player has two sets of pieces of opposite colors of 16 men each, and of various powers, according to their rank."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Chess Board

"Chess is the most purely intellectual of all games of skill, the origin of which has been much disputed,…

Chicory is a flowering plant with blue flowers, originally from the Old World but now seen growing wild as a weed in North America.

Chicory

Chicory is a flowering plant with blue flowers, originally from the Old World but now seen growing wild…

"Chinchilla is a genus of South American herbivorous rodents very closely allied to the rabbit, which they resemble in the general shape of the body, in the limbs being longer behind than before, and by the nature of the fur, which is more woolly than silky."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Chinchilla

"Chinchilla is a genus of South American herbivorous rodents very closely allied to the rabbit, which…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Plant

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Flower

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Flower

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"Date Palm is a genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common date palm, the palm tree of Scripture, a native of the N. half of Africa, the S. W. of Asia, and some parts of India, and of which the cultivation is no less wide, and still extending. Some parts of China produce large crops. The stem, which is straight and simple, reaches a height of 30 to 60 feet, and bears a head of 40 to 80 glaucous pinnated leaves, 8 to 10 feet long, and a number of branching spadices, each of which on the female tree bears 180 to 200 fruits. A bunch of dates weighs 20 or 25 pounds, so that an average year's crop may be reckoned at 300 to 600 pounds per tree, and the yield per acre at about 12 times that of corn. This is one of the most important and useful of all the palms. In Egypt, and generally in North Africa, Persia, and Arabia, dates form the principal food, and date palms the principal wealth of the people."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Date Palm

"Date Palm is a genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common date palm, the palm…

"Drumfish, or Drum, and other species of the same genus, fishes found on the Atlantic coasts of North America, and so named from the deep drumming sound they make in the water."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Drumfish

"Drumfish, or Drum, and other species of the same genus, fishes found on the Atlantic coasts of North…

"Eagle is a name given to many birds of prey in the family Falconid&aelig;. The golden eagle, the white-headed eagle, and the sea eagles are characteristic examples. The white-tailed or sea eagles are absent only in South America."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sea Eagle

"Eagle is a name given to many birds of prey in the family Falconidæ. The golden eagle, the white-headed…

"The Erne is one of the 'bare-legged' eagles. The genus includes some seven species, represented apparently in all parts of the world except South America. A notable species is the white-headed or bald eagle, the emblem of the United States. This erne is common in North America, both by the coasts and by inland lakes, and also occurs in Northern Europe. The general color is brown, but the head and neck of the adults are milky-white, and the same is true of the rounded tail."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Erne

"The Erne is one of the 'bare-legged' eagles. The genus includes some seven species, represented apparently…

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in length, has the head and upper part of the neck of a rich shining green, the feathers of the crown and back of the head elongated, the back black and gray, the wings black and white, the breast and belly of a delicate reddish-buff color. The bill, legs, and feet are orange-red. the female, which is rather smaller, has the head reddish-brown, with a less decided tuft than the male, and much grayer plumage. The goosander is a native of the Arctic regions, extending into the temperate parts of America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goosander

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in…

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in length, has the head and upper part of the neck of a rich shining green, the feathers of the crown and back of the head elongated, the back black and gray, the wings black and white, the breast and belly of a delicate reddish-buff color. The bill, legs, and feet are orange-red. the female, which is rather smaller, has the head reddish-brown, with a less decided tuft than the male, and much grayer plumage. The goosander is a native of the Arctic regions, extending into the temperate parts of America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goosander

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in…

"The Grayling is a genus of fresh-water fishes in the salmon family, distinguished from trout, etc., by the smaller mouth and teeth, and by the long, many-rayed dorsal fin. The genus is represented by five species inhabiting clear streams in North America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Grayling

"The Grayling is a genus of fresh-water fishes in the salmon family, distinguished from trout, etc.,…

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves, white flowers, and erect prickly capsules, a native of the East Indies, but now often met with in North America. A variety with pale violet flowers and purplish violet stem is frequently cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Thorn Apple

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves,…

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves, white flowers, and erect prickly capsules, a native of the East Indies, but now often met with in North America. A variety with pale violet flowers and purplish violet stem is frequently cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Thorn Apple Bud

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves,…

"Thrush, in ornithology, is the name for any of the Turdid&aelig;. They are universally distributed, and are very highly organized birds, and it is for this reason, perhaps, as well as on account of their omnivorous diet, that they have been able to establish themselves on a number of remote islands. They differ widely in their habits and in their habitats; some are gregarious, others live solitarily or in pairs. The wood thrush is abundant in North America. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Song Thrush

"Thrush, in ornithology, is the name for any of the Turdidæ. They are universally distributed,…

"Timothy Grass is a hard coarse grass with cylindrical spikes from 2 to 6 inches long. It is used mixed with other grasses for permanent pasture, and grows best in tenacious soils. It is extensively cultivated in North America. Timothy Hanson first recommended it, hence its name. Swine refuse it."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Timothy Grass

"Timothy Grass is a hard coarse grass with cylindrical spikes from 2 to 6 inches long. It is used mixed…