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A view of New York in 1776.

New York in 1776

A view of New York in 1776.

"In Sullivan's ranks is John Callendar, of Massachusetts. He commanded the artillery at Bunk Hill, and was accused of being a coward, and his command was taken from him. But he is a patriot, and is in the ranks. He sees a lieutenant commanding a battery fall, and the gunners begin to leave their guns. 'Stop!' he shouts. It is the voice of one accustomed to be obeyed, and the gunners return. He opens fire, and holds the position till the British sweep up the hill. The other soldiers flee, but he will not. He is ramming home a charge, when a bayonet is leveled at his breast. A British officer admires his heroism, and will not let him be harmed."—Coffin, 1879

John Callendar Saved by a British Officer

"In Sullivan's ranks is John Callendar, of Massachusetts. He commanded the artillery at Bunk Hill, and…

A brigadier general in the Continental Army. He was from Marblehead, Massachusetts and was the first of many privateers to join the war.

Colonel Glover

A brigadier general in the Continental Army. He was from Marblehead, Massachusetts and was the first…

"The regiment was commanded by Colonel Glover, and General Washington selected him as the fittest person in the army to superintend the ferrying, and he did it nobly."—Coffin, 1879

General Glover Superintending the Embarkation

"The regiment was commanded by Colonel Glover, and General Washington selected him as the fittest person…

"Mr. Jacobus Kip lived in an old-fashioned Dutch house, built of bricks make in Holland and brought to America, because the old Dutch burghers thought that there was no clay in American suitable to be made into bricks. The house stood a short distance from the water, and had curiously shaped windows in the roof, and a weather-cock above the ridge-pole."—Coffin, 1879

Jacobus Kip's House

"Mr. Jacobus Kip lived in an old-fashioned Dutch house, built of bricks make in Holland and brought…

"When Howe reached that place he found General Sullivan confronting him, and the fishermen of Marblehead, under Colonel Glover; but the British greatly outnumbered the Americans, and Howe was able to push inland to the hills south of New Rochelle. The country was thickly covered with woods; but Howe found a small house in which he established his head-quarters."—Coffin, 1879

Howe's Headquarters

"When Howe reached that place he found General Sullivan confronting him, and the fishermen of Marblehead,…

The home of General Charles Lee of the American Revolution.

Charles Lee's House

The home of General Charles Lee of the American Revolution.

The first move in a surprise attack against the Hessian forces at the Battle of Trenton.

Washington Crossing the Delaware

The first move in a surprise attack against the Hessian forces at the Battle of Trenton.

A battle of the American Revolution, in which General Washington's troops defeated British forces near Princeton, New Jersey. With this victory, the morale in the ranks rose and more men began enlisting in the army.

Battle of Princeton

A battle of the American Revolution, in which General Washington's troops defeated British forces near…

"It is a weary march. The soldiers are foot-sore, hungry, exhausted. Some drop from the ranks, and fall asleep in a moment upon the frozen ground. Mile after mile they drag themselves along. Little children give them bread, glad to do so much for those who have fought so bravely, and receive in return a kind 'God bless you!'"—Coffin, 1879

God Bless You

"It is a weary march. The soldiers are foot-sore, hungry, exhausted. Some drop from the ranks, and fall…

A battle of the American Revolution, led by General John Stark. The defeat of the British army reduced Burgoyne's army in size, led his Indian support to leave him, and deprived him of necessary supplies.

Battle of Bennington

A battle of the American Revolution, led by General John Stark. The defeat of the British army reduced…

The coach car of a rich Tory judge, Judge Chew. He had a driver and footman in gold-laced cocked hats.

The Chew Coach

The coach car of a rich Tory judge, Judge Chew. He had a driver and footman in gold-laced cocked hats.

A festival gathering at Judge Chew's home, who was a very rich Tory judge.

Reception in Chew House

A festival gathering at Judge Chew's home, who was a very rich Tory judge.

The home of General Schuyler of the American Revolution.

General Schuyler's House

The home of General Schuyler of the American Revolution.

The mill of General Schuyler, an American Revolution war general.

General Schuyler's Mill

The mill of General Schuyler, an American Revolution war general.

"South of the fort a short distance was a brick house with 'I.A.W. 1748' on one of the gables, the initials standing for James and Anna Whitall. The house had been built twenty-nine years. Mr. Whitall lived there with his wife and family. He was a Quaker, and a good Whig. Seeing that the battle was about to begin, he and his wife left the house; but his mother, an old lady, would not leave."—Coffin, 1879

Whitall's House at Red Bank

"South of the fort a short distance was a brick house with 'I.A.W. 1748' on one of the gables, the initials…

The house of Lydia Darrah (1728-1789). Lydia was a midwife and Philadelphia's first female undertaker. When British troops occupied Philadelphia in 1777, General William Howe took up residence across the street from the Darrah home. Lydia regularly collected information by eavesdropping and sent this information in code to the Continental Army.

Lydia Darrah's House

The house of Lydia Darrah (1728-1789). Lydia was a midwife and Philadelphia's first female undertaker.…

The headquarters in Valley Forge of General George Washington during the American Revolution.

Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge

The headquarters in Valley Forge of General George Washington during the American Revolution.

"Then came Lord Cathcart upon a powerful horse. He was chief of the knights. Two negro slaves wearing white breeches and blue sashes, with large silver clasps around their necks, help his stirrups."—Coffin, 1879

Captain Cathcart

"Then came Lord Cathcart upon a powerful horse. He was chief of the knights. Two negro slaves wearing…

A French general who led a fleet to aid the American patriots, but failed in a few attacks.

Admiral D'Estaing

A French general who led a fleet to aid the American patriots, but failed in a few attacks.

"The view is taken from the American intrenchments on Butt's Hill. he windmill is on Quaker Hill. The hill at the right is Anthony's. The British artillery fired from both hills. Sullivan replied from the ditch in the foreground. The battle was down by the third fence, at the left hand of the view. A small brook winds along near the fence, and in the ravine was a belt of woods, where Greene posted his men."—Coffin, 1879

Butt's Hill, Looking South

"The view is taken from the American intrenchments on Butt's Hill. he windmill is on Quaker Hill. The…

"The view shows the intrenchments in the foreground. The Americans retreated past the houses in the center of the picture."—Coffin, 1879

View Looking North from Butt's Hill

"The view shows the intrenchments in the foreground. The Americans retreated past the houses in the…

A battle of the American Revolution in 1780. Led by Abraham Buford, the men of the Continental Army in this battle were almost all slain and severely injured.

Battle of Waxhaws

A battle of the American Revolution in 1780. Led by Abraham Buford, the men of the Continental Army…

A depiction of General Marion and his troops in pursuit of the British.

Marion in Pursuit of the British

A depiction of General Marion and his troops in pursuit of the British.

The home of Beverly Robinson, a commander of the Loyal American Regiment. He is known for his work with the British secret service during the American Revolution.

The Beverly Robinson House

The home of Beverly Robinson, a commander of the Loyal American Regiment. He is known for his work with…

A hall in the house of Beverly Robinson. This house was also the headquarters of Benedict Arnold.

Hall in the Beverly Robinson House

A hall in the house of Beverly Robinson. This house was also the headquarters of Benedict Arnold.

A short story written by Washington Irving. The tale describes a superstitious man named Ichabod Crane, who is chased by the Headless Horseman, a ghost of the American Revolution.

The Headless Horseman, Sleepy Hollow

A short story written by Washington Irving. The tale describes a superstitious man named Ichabod Crane,…

A depiction of Benedict Arnold's escape after it has been discovered by American troops that he is a traitor.

Arnold's Escape

A depiction of Benedict Arnold's escape after it has been discovered by American troops that he is a…

A monument to mark the spot of the site where the British spy Andre was hanged and buried in 1780.

Monument to Andre

A monument to mark the spot of the site where the British spy Andre was hanged and buried in 1780.

Arent DePeyster, a British military officer of the American Revolution, surrenders at the Battle of King's Mountain.

DePeyster Raises a White Flag

Arent DePeyster, a British military officer of the American Revolution, surrenders at the Battle of…

The site of the Guilford Courthouse battle, a pivotal battle of the American Revolution. This battle impelled the British general to take the road that would soon lead him to defeat.

Guilford Courthouse

The site of the Guilford Courthouse battle, a pivotal battle of the American Revolution. This battle…

A depiction of General Marion of the Continental Army inviting a British officer to dine with him.

Marion Inviting the British Officer to Dinner

A depiction of General Marion of the Continental Army inviting a British officer to dine with him.

"Marion and Lee could see the light of his camp-fires on the hills in the west. Whatever was done must be done quickly. But what could they do? They had no cannon; and even if they had, they could not batter down the fort; but a bright thought came to Colonel Mahan - to build a tower which would overlook the fortification. As soon as night came, all the axes in the camp were in use. The British could hear the choppers, and wondered what was going on; but they were astonished in the morning when they saw a tower high than the fort, and a swarm of men on the top firing through loop-holes, and picking off their rifles every man who showed his head above the parapet ... Before noon the Americans were in possession of the fort, and all its supplies."—Coffin, 1879

Marion and Lee Capturing Fort Watson

"Marion and Lee could see the light of his camp-fires on the hills in the west. Whatever was done must…

"About forty miles northwest of Charleston, near the line between Charleston and Orangeburg counties, are some wonderful springs. The water boils up from the ground, clear and pure. It is a subterranean river that appears upon the surface, and that winds through the lowlands northwest for about two miles, and empties into the Santee at Nelson's Ferry."—Coffin, 1879

Nelson's Ferry

"About forty miles northwest of Charleston, near the line between Charleston and Orangeburg counties,…

"Congress was sitting there, and the troops passed in review before the President, Hon. Thomas M'Kean."—Coffin, 1879.

Thomas M'Kean

"Congress was sitting there, and the troops passed in review before the President, Hon. Thomas M'Kean."—Coffin,…

"Down past the mouth of York River, where the French ships were blockading Cornwallis, into James River, and up the James to Jamestown, sailed the ships from Elkton, landing on the 25th, and marching to Williamstown."—Coffin, 1879

The Landing at Jamestown

"Down past the mouth of York River, where the French ships were blockading Cornwallis, into James River,…

The interior of a room of General Washington's headquarters in Newburgh, New York.

Interior of Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh

The interior of a room of General Washington's headquarters in Newburgh, New York.

Frederick North was the Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led Great Britain through most of the American Revolutionary War.

Lord North

Frederick North was the Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led Great Britain through…

A philosopher whose ideas influenced the French Revolution and the American Revolution.

Jean Jacques Rousseau

A philosopher whose ideas influenced the French Revolution and the American Revolution.

The Queen of France from 1774 to 1792. She was executed by guillotine in 1793 at the height of the French Revolution.

Marie Antoinette

The Queen of France from 1774 to 1792. She was executed by guillotine in 1793 at the height of the French…

"The cleric wars a robe and ornamented mantle; the noble, a suit of black silk and a cap adorned with plumes; the representative of the Third Estate, a simple black suit without gold buttons or plumed cap."—Webster, 1920

Costumes of the Orders

"The cleric wars a robe and ornamented mantle; the noble, a suit of black silk and a cap adorned with…

The flashpoint of the French Revolution, where the prisoners of the Bastille were released by revolutionaries.

The Storming of the Bastille

The flashpoint of the French Revolution, where the prisoners of the Bastille were released by revolutionaries.

A French military officer who led the Garde Nationale during the French Revolution, as well as fought in the American Revolutionary War as a general.

Lafayette

A French military officer who led the Garde Nationale during the French Revolution, as well as fought…

"A contemporary cartoon representing the French people hammering to pieces with their flails all the emblems of the feudal system, including the knight's armor and sword and bishop's crosier and miter."—Webster, 1920

The Destruction of Feudalism

"A contemporary cartoon representing the French people hammering to pieces with their flails all the…

A leading figure in the French Revolution, as well as the first President of the Committee of Public Safety.

Danton

A leading figure in the French Revolution, as well as the first President of the Committee of Public…

An influential figure in the Committee of Public Safety of France and was instrumental in the period of the Reign of Terror. He was executed in 1794.

Robespierre

An influential figure in the Committee of Public Safety of France and was instrumental in the period…

"It represents a dying lion, which, pierced by a lance, still guards with its paw the Bourbon lilies. The figure is hewn out of the natural sandstone. The monument commemorates the officers and men of the Swiss Guard who were slain in 1792, while defending the Tuileries against the Parisian mob."—Webster, 1920

The Lion of Lucerne

"It represents a dying lion, which, pierced by a lance, still guards with its paw the Bourbon lilies.…

A portait of the execution of Louis XVI by guillotine.

Execution of Louis XVI

A portait of the execution of Louis XVI by guillotine.

The Organizer of Victory in the French Revolutionary Wars.

Lazare Carnot

The Organizer of Victory in the French Revolutionary Wars.

A British flag officer who is well known for his victory in the Battle of Trafalgar.

Horatio Nelson

A British flag officer who is well known for his victory in the Battle of Trafalgar.

"This fine structure was built in the eighteenth century as a palace for members of the Bourbon-Condé family. It became national property during the French Revolution. The façade, which faces the Pont de la Concorde, is in the style of an ancient temple."—Webster, 1920

Chamber of Deputies (Paris)

"This fine structure was built in the eighteenth century as a palace for members of the Bourbon-Condé…

An American explorer who claimed to have been the first person to reach the geographic North Pole.

Robert E. Peary

An American explorer who claimed to have been the first person to reach the geographic North Pole.

An American businessman who helped create the Atlantic Telegraph Company, as well as lay the first telegraphic cable across the Atlantic Ocean.

Cyrus W. Field

An American businessman who helped create the Atlantic Telegraph Company, as well as lay the first telegraphic…

An American women's suffragist. She had a heavy influence in the passage of the 18th and 19th amendments to the United States Constitution.

Frances E. Willard

An American women's suffragist. She had a heavy influence in the passage of the 18th and 19th amendments…

An American civil rights leader who helped introduce women's suffrage into the United States.

Susan B. Anthony

An American civil rights leader who helped introduce women's suffrage into the United States.

"The present structure, begun in 1163 and completed about 1240, suffered severely during the French Revolution, when it was converted into a Temple of Reason. Extensive renovations and alterations were made during the nineteenth century. Two massive square towers, originally intended to support spires, crown the principle or western façade. Its three doors are surrounded by elaborate sculptures and surmounted by a row of figures representing twenty-eight kings of Israel and Judah. Above the central door is a rose window of stained glass and above this is a graceful gallery of painted arches supported on slender columns."

Notre Dame

"The present structure, begun in 1163 and completed about 1240, suffered severely during the French…

An Italian explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents.

Christopher Columbus

An Italian explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the…

A French revolutionary who advocated a constitutional monarchy, like Great Britain.

Mirabeau

A French revolutionary who advocated a constitutional monarchy, like Great Britain.

A device used for carrying out executions by decapitation.

The Guillotine

A device used for carrying out executions by decapitation.

An influential figure of the French Revolution.

Robespierre

An influential figure of the French Revolution.