The United States seal of Nebraska.

Nebraska

The United States seal of Nebraska.

The United States seal of Oregon.

Oregon

The United States seal of Oregon.

The United States seal of Ohio.

Ohio

The United States seal of Ohio.

The United States seal of Utah.

Utah

The United States seal of Utah.

The United States seal of New Mexico.

New Mexico

The United States seal of New Mexico.

The United States seal of Native American Territory.

Native American Territory

The United States seal of Native American Territory.

The United States seal of Maine.

Maine

The United States seal of Maine.

The United States seal of the Senate.

Senate

The United States seal of the Senate.

The United States seal of the Post Office.

Post Office

The United States seal of the Post Office.

The United States seal of the Navy Deparment.

Navy Department

The United States seal of the Navy Deparment.

The United States seal of Nevada.

Nevada

The United States seal of Nevada.

The United States seal of the Department of State.

Department of State

The United States seal of the Department of State.

The United States seal of Wisconsin.

Wisconsin

The United States seal of Wisconsin.

The seal of the United States and Cuba.

US and Cuba

The seal of the United States and Cuba.

A harbor seal perched on some ice.

Harbor Seal

A harbor seal perched on some ice.

The seal representing Bolton or Bolton le Moors, a municipal and parliamentary borough of England.

Bolton

The seal representing Bolton or Bolton le Moors, a municipal and parliamentary borough of England.

The seal of Bridgenorth, a parliamentary and municipal borough and market town of England, in the county of Shropshire, on both sides of the Severn.

Bridgenorth

The seal of Bridgenorth, a parliamentary and municipal borough and market town of England, in the county…

A seal representing the city of Bridgewater.

Bridgewater

A seal representing the city of Bridgewater.

A seal representing the city of Bridport, England.

Bridport

A seal representing the city of Bridport, England.

A seal representing the city of Brighton, England.

Brighton

A seal representing the city of Brighton, England.

A seal representing the city of Bristol, England.

Bristol

A seal representing the city of Bristol, England.

The seal for the city of Chester, England.

City Arms

The seal for the city of Chester, England.

A coat of arms representing the city of Chester, England.

Bishopic

A coat of arms representing the city of Chester, England.

The seal for the city of Chichester, England.

Arms of Chichester

The seal for the city of Chichester, England.

A seal representing the town of Colchester, England.

Colchester

A seal representing the town of Colchester, England.

"A market-town and municipal borough of England, in the county of Cheshire, near the border of Staffordshire, 26 miles south of Manchester by rail. it is finely situated in a deep valley, on the banks of the dane, a tributary of the Weaver." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Congleton

"A market-town and municipal borough of England, in the county of Cheshire, near the border of Staffordshire,…

"Henry I enriched the plain circlet with gems, and on his great seal the trefoils of his fathers crown assume a form resembling that of fleurs-de-lys." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"Henry I enriched the plain circlet with gems, and on his great seal the trefoils of his fathers crown…

"Upon his seal as earl of Chester, the same sovereign has the circlet of his open crown heightened with fleurs-de-lys only, alternating with small clusters of pearls." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"Upon his seal as earl of Chester, the same sovereign has the circlet of his open crown heightened with…

"A crown which appears on the great seal of Henry VIII." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"A crown which appears on the great seal of Henry VIII." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The form of the arches shown appear for the first time upon the great seal of Edward VI." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"The form of the arches shown appear for the first time upon the great seal of Edward VI." — Encyclopedia…

A seal representing the city of Derby, England.

Derby

A seal representing the city of Derby, England.

"A royal and parliamentary burgh and seaport, situated on the east coast of Scotland, in the county of Forfar, on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, twelve miles from the confluence of that estuary with the German Ocean. It is the third town in Scotland as regards to population, and the second in commercial importance." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dundee

"A royal and parliamentary burgh and seaport, situated on the east coast of Scotland, in the county…

The seal for the civil corporation of Durham and Framwellgate.

Corporation Seal

The seal for the civil corporation of Durham and Framwellgate.

"Corporation Seal." &mdash Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Corporation Seal

"Corporation Seal." &mdash Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Star of the order of the Thistle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Order of the Thistle

"Star of the order of the Thistle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

"The religious Order of the Heavenly Annunciation, or of the Nuns of the Annunciation of Mary, was instituted by Victoria Fornare at Genoa in 1682, after the rule of St. Augustine. All the convents of the order in France, Germany, and the Netherlands have disappeared since the French Revolution. Some still exist in Italy." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Order of the Annunciation

"The religious Order of the Heavenly Annunciation, or of the Nuns of the Annunciation of Mary, was instituted…

A seal which has many bands of white around black.

Ribbon Seal

A seal which has many bands of white around black.

"Star of the Order of the Black Eagle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Black Eagle

"Star of the Order of the Black Eagle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

William Henry Harrison's council with Tecumseh, at Vincennes in 1810. William Harrison was the governor of the Indiana Territory. Tecumseh's War or Tecumseh's Rebellion was a conflict between the United States Army and an American Indian confederacy led by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh in the Indiana Territory.

Harrison's Council with Tecumseh

William Henry Harrison's council with Tecumseh, at Vincennes in 1810. William Harrison was the governor…

Rootstock of Solomon's Seal, with the bottom of the stalk of the season, and the bud for the next year's growth.

Solomon's Seal

Rootstock of Solomon's Seal, with the bottom of the stalk of the season, and the bud for the next year's…

Mark Twain illustrating an Italian newspaper as saying a cop in a theater of opera in Wallace, Indiana, had willed to expel a spectator which continued to smoke in spite of the prohibition, who, spalleggiato by his friends, manifold revolver shots.

The Revolveration in Theatre

Mark Twain illustrating an Italian newspaper as saying a cop in a theater of opera in Wallace, Indiana,…

(1833-1901) Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd President of the United States (1889-93). He had previously served as a senator from Indiana and was known as "Kid Gloves" and "Little Ben." , US Senator from Indiana

Benjamin Harrison

(1833-1901) Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd President of the United States (1889-93). He had previously…

The ancient Egyptians regarded the scarab as a symbol of immortality. 1. Stone scarab with wings, 2. The sacred beetle (<em>Scarabaeus sacer</em>), 3. Scarab from the British Museum, 4. Scarab seal from the tomb of Maket, 5, 6. Scarabs from monuments.

Egyptian scarabs

The ancient Egyptians regarded the scarab as a symbol of immortality. 1. Stone scarab with wings, 2.…

A sceptre from the seal of Edward the Confessor.

Sceptre of Edward the Confessor

A sceptre from the seal of Edward the Confessor.

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge with remote, very sharp spine-like teeth, with rounded spaces between. Outline - oval. Apex and Base - pointed. Leaf - about two inches long; dark polished green above; below rather yellowish-green; thick and stiff; smooth throughout; ribs very indistinct below. Bark - light gray and smooth. Fruit - a nearly round, bright-red berry, the size of a pea. It ripens in September and continues upon the branches into the winter. Found - from Massachusetts southward near the coast to Florida, and from Southern Indiana southwest, and southward to the Gulf. General Information - The use of holly and other evergreens in religious ceremonies dates from pagan times. "Trummying of the temples with floures, boughes, and garlondes, was taken of the heathen people, whiche decked their idols and houses with suche array.: Early church councils made rules and restrictions concerning the practice - e.g., in France Christians were forbidden "to decke up their houses with lawrell, yvie, and green gouches in the Christmas season," for "Hedera est gratissima Baccho." (The ivy is most acceptable to Bacchus.)

Genus Ilex, L. (Holly)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge with remote, very sharp spine-like teeth, with rounded spaces between.…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharp-toothed with the teeth bristle-pointed and the hollows between rounded. Outline - very narrow oval. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - taper-pointed. Leaf - four to eight inches long, two to three inches wide; smooth above and below; with straight ribs terminating in the bristle-teeth. Bark - of trunk grayish and in young trees very smooth. Fruit - with large bristly husks. Usually there are two or three nuts pressed closely in each cell, and therefore flat on one or both sides. The nut, though smaller, is sweeter and more delicate than in the European variety, the "Spanish Chestnut." Found - from Southern Maine to Delaware and Southern Indiana; southward along the Alleghany Mountains and west to Middle Kentucky and Tennessee. Its finest growth is on the western slopes of the southern Alleghany Mountains. General Information - A tree fifty to eight feet high or more, with light, soft wood, largely used in cabinet-work, for railway ties, posts. etc. Genus Castanea, L. from the name of a town in Thessaly.

Genus Castanea, L. (Chestnut)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharp-toothed with the teeth bristle-pointed and the hollows between…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge toothed. Outline - roundish egg-shape. Apex - usually blunt (never taper-pointed). Base - heart-shape, sometimes with the lobes so close or overlapping as to cover the end of the leaf-stem. Leaf/Stem - nearly round. Leaf - three to six inches long (on young sprouts, eight to ten inches); when young, thickly covered with white down; becoming smooth, except on the ribs below. Found - in borders of swamps, from Long Island southward to Southern Georgia, through the Gulf States to Western Louisiana, and northward to Southern Illinois and Indiana. Rare and local. General Information - A tree sixty to eighty feet high.

Genus Populus, L. (Aspen, Poplar)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge toothed. Outline - roundish egg-shape. Apex - usually blunt (never…

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness, but arrange along the branches in two-leaved sheathed bunches. Leaf - needle-shape, one and three fourths to two and three fourths inches long, stiff, bluntish; on the outer side smooth and rounded; on the inner side flat, and rough downwards. Cones - one and three fourths to three inches long, usually single and pointing downward. Scales - tipped with a stiff, straight prickle. Bark - of the trunk, rough and blackish. Young branches smooth (in other pines scaly). Twigs - purplish. Found - from Long Island along the coast to South Carolina, and through eastern and Middle Kentucky to Southeastern Indiana; in sandy and generally barren soil. General Information - An evergreen tree fifteen to forty feet high, irregular in shape and with straggling, spreading, or drooping branches. The timber is very "pitchy," soft, and durable, but poor even for fuel. "Next to the Gray Pine, the Jersey Pine is the most uninteresting species of the United States." - Michaux, f.

Genus Pinus, L. (Pine)

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness, but arrange along the branches…

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness; arranged along the branches in many-leaved bunches without sheaths. Leaf - thread-like, one to two inches long, withering and falling in the autumn. Bark - smooth. Cones - about one half inch long; broad egg-shaped; green or violet when young, becoming purple and brownish as they ripen. Scales - thin, nearly round, their edges entire. Found - from Pennsylvania, Northern Indiana, and Northern Illinois through the Northern States and far northward. It grows usually in low, swampy land, where it often thickly covers large areas. General Information - A tree fifty to one hundred feet high (not evergreen), with a straight trunk and slender, horizontal branches. The wood is durable, hard, and very strong, and is largely used in ship-building, for posts, railroad ties, etc. The Indians and Canadians were accustomed to use the fibres of the Larch roots for sewing their bark canoes; and for tightening the seams, the gum of the Balsam Fir. Give me of your roots, O Tamarak! Of your fibrous roots, O Larch-Tree! My canoe to bind together, So to bind the ends together, That the water may not enter, That the river ma not wet me! Give me of your balm, O Fir-Tree! Of your balsam and your resin, So to close the seams together That the water may not enter, That the river may not wet me! And the Fir-Tree tall and sombre, Sobbed through all its robes of darkness, Answered wailing, answered weeping. 'Take my balm, O Hiawatha!'"

Genus Larix, Tourn. (Larch)

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness; arranged along the branches in…

The seal of the United States.

United States Seal

The seal of the United States.

The seal of the western part of the New Jersey colony.

Seal of West Jersey

The seal of the western part of the New Jersey colony.

The seal of the eastern part of the New Jersey colony.

Seal of East Jersey

The seal of the eastern part of the New Jersey colony.

The coat of arms of Brazil.

Brazilian Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Brazil.

The coat of arms of Chile.

Chilean Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Chile.

The coat of arms of China.

Chinese Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of China.

The coat of arms of Colombia.

Colombian Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Colombia.

The coat of arms of Costa Rica.

Costa Rican Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Costa Rica.

The coat of arms of Dominican Republic.

Dominican Republic Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Dominican Republic.

The Coat of Arms of Ecuador.

Ecuador Coat of Arms

The Coat of Arms of Ecuador.

The Coat of Arms of Egypt.

Egyptian Coat of Arms

The Coat of Arms of Egypt.