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Instead of columns, square piers are not infrequently introduced in the tombs. In structural buildings they only occur in connection with colossal statues; in which case the pier supports the roof, and the statue, while connected with the pier at the back, has its head free, without supporting anything.

Front View of the Colossal Statue on a Pier at the Luxor Temple

Instead of columns, square piers are not infrequently introduced in the tombs. In structural buildings…

In 1959 an international donations campaign to save the monuments of Nubia began: the southernmost relics of this ancient human civilization were under threat from the rising waters of the Nile that were about to result from the construction of the Aswan High Dam. This image gives a perspective view of the entrance hall, in which are seen eight standing colossal statues 33 feet high, supported by square piers.1

Entrance to the Great Temple at Abu Simbel

In 1959 an international donations campaign to save the monuments of Nubia began: the southernmost relics…

In most rock-temples a court, which is sometimes hewn out of the rock, or a covered vestibule forms the entrance, which opens into an entrance-hall, with smaller chamber beyond, in which pillars or columns are introduced according to the exigencies of the case.

Floor Plan of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel

In most rock-temples a court, which is sometimes hewn out of the rock, or a covered vestibule forms…

In most rock-temples a court, which is sometimes hewn out of the rock, or a covered vestibule forms the entrance, which opens into an entrance-hall, with smaller chamber beyond, in which pillars or columns are introduced according to the exigencies of the case.

Cross Section of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel

In most rock-temples a court, which is sometimes hewn out of the rock, or a covered vestibule forms…

Four colossal 20 meter statues of the pharaoh with the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt decorate the facade of the temple, which is 35 meters wide and is topped by a frieze with 22 baboons, worshippers of the sun and flank the entrance. The colossal statues were sculptured directly from the rock in which the temple was located before it was moved. All statues represent Ramesses II, seated on a throne and wearing the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. The statue to the left of the entrance was damaged in an earthquake, leaving only the lower part of the statue still intact. The head and torso can still be seen at the statue's feet.

Entrance of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel

Four colossal 20 meter statues of the pharaoh with the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt decorate…

This image shows how the middle passage is made more imposing by the arrangement of elevating the columns in the middle, and how at the same time a means is contrived of lighting the whole hall by the raised side-lights.

Hall Section of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel

This image shows how the middle passage is made more imposing by the arrangement of elevating the columns…

Guilloche, usually spelled without the acute accent on the final e, describes a repetitive architectural pattern widely used in classical Greece and Rome, consisting of two ribbons that wind around a series of regular central points. These central points are often blank, but may contain a figure, such as a rose. Guilloche is a back-formation from guilloché, so called because the architectural motif resembles the designs produced by Guilloche techniques.

Guilloche Ornament Painted on Burnt Clay, from the Ruins of Nineveh

Guilloche, usually spelled without the acute accent on the final e, describes a repetitive architectural…

A representation of an Assyrian griffin that adorned their buildings prior to the Persian conquest.

Sculptured Griffin from the Sculptures in the Ruins of Nineveh

A representation of an Assyrian griffin that adorned their buildings prior to the Persian conquest.

Over the Winged Bulls were painted other acts of the king surrounded by his eunuchs and warriors, and these representations were in their turn surrounded by an ornamental border, in which winged-bulls and monstrous beasts, as well as the sacred tree, principally figured.

Sculptured Ornamental Border from the Ruins of Nineveh

Over the Winged Bulls were painted other acts of the king surrounded by his eunuchs and warriors, and…

In the fragment of a relief from Kuyunjik columns occur which rest on a cushion-shaped base on a lion's back, just as is the case in the doorways of Gothic churches.

Pillar on a Lion's Back

In the fragment of a relief from Kuyunjik columns occur which rest on a cushion-shaped base on a lion's…

The columns in the ruins of Persepolis are circular and slender, and have capitals and bases. The capital generally consists of two half-horses or bulls, whose fore feet overlap the border of the shaft, and which are placed back to back.

Capital and Entablature from the Rock Tomb of Darius

The columns in the ruins of Persepolis are circular and slender, and have capitals and bases. The capital…

The end view of the skull of a chicken three weeks old.

Chicken Skull

The end view of the skull of a chicken three weeks old.

The upper view of the skull of an old fowl.

Fowl Skull

The upper view of the skull of an old fowl.

The skull of a nestling sparrowhawk, palatal view.

Sparrowhawk Skull

The skull of a nestling sparrowhawk, palatal view.

A small group of fairly uniform animals which live among Rotifers and Protozoa at the bottom of ponds and marshes.

Gastrotricha

A small group of fairly uniform animals which live among Rotifers and Protozoa at the bottom of ponds…

Remains of the circular walls round towns and palaces, which are known under the name Cyclopean, exist at the present day. These are found both in Greece itself and in many of the Greek colonies, as in Italy and Sardinia. Such walls consist of gigantic polygonal blocks of stone, the corners of which fit accurately into one another. Other structures of this kind consist of regular blocks of equal height. Both kinds are constructed entirely without mortar. The Lion Gate served as the gateway to the city of Mycenæ.

The Lion Gate at Mycenæ

Remains of the circular walls round towns and palaces, which are known under the name Cyclopean, exist…

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy line over the echinus. The intervals of the spiral coils are slightly hollowed, in order to bring them into more relief, and in this way the so-called channel is formed, which is continued in the horizontal portion which connects the volutes.

Side View of the Ionic Capital from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Priene

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy…

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy line over the echinus. The intervals of the spiral coils are slightly hollowed, in order to bring them into more relief, and in this way the so-called channel is formed, which is continued in the horizontal portion which connects the volutes.

Top View of the Ionic Capital from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Priene

These volutes, or scrolls, when viewed from the side, appear to meet in the middle, and form a wavy…

The good effect of the Ionic capital is really only produced by the front-view. It seems calculated to be introduced between pillars and antæ, and not in a disconnected peristyle with with angle columns. In angle columns, however, the volutes are sometimes constructed in such a way that they meet at both sides diagonally.

Ionic Angle Column from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Athens, Front

The good effect of the Ionic capital is really only produced by the front-view. It seems calculated…

The good effect of the Ionic capital is really only produced by the front-view. It seems calculated to be introduced between pillars and antæ, and not in a disconnected peristyle with with angle columns. In angle columns, however, the volutes are sometimes constructed in such a way that they meet at both sides diagonally.

Ionic Angle Column from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Athens, Side

The good effect of the Ionic capital is really only produced by the front-view. It seems calculated…

Rectangular block under the soffit of the cornice of the Greek Doric temple, which is studded with guttae. It is supposed to represent the piece of timber through which the wooden pegs were driven in order to hold the rafter in position, and it follows the sloping rake of the roof. In the Roman Doric order the mutule was horizontal, with sometimes a crowning fillet, so that it virtually fulfilled the purpose of the modillion in the Corinthian cornice.

Mutule, Side View

Rectangular block under the soffit of the cornice of the Greek Doric temple, which is studded with guttae.…

Rectangular block under the soffit of the cornice of the Greek Doric temple, which is studded with guttae. It is supposed to represent the piece of timber through which the wooden pegs were driven in order to hold the rafter in position, and it follows the sloping rake of the roof. In the Roman Doric order the mutule was horizontal, with sometimes a crowning fillet, so that it virtually fulfilled the purpose of the modillion in the Corinthian cornice.

Mutule, Front View

Rectangular block under the soffit of the cornice of the Greek Doric temple, which is studded with guttae.…

The Walking Lion is a statue of lion in it natural form.

Walking Lion

The Walking Lion is a statue of lion in it natural form.

The Egyptian Lion is a relief with sunken outlines.

Egyptian Lion

The Egyptian Lion is a relief with sunken outlines.

This Egyptian Lion is found in the Capital of Rome.

Egyptian Lion

This Egyptian Lion is found in the Capital of Rome.

The Assyrian Lion is on a glazed clay slab at a royal palace in Khorsabad, Assyria during the 6th century B.C.

Assyrian Lion

The Assyrian Lion is on a glazed clay slab at a royal palace in Khorsabad, Assyria during the 6th century…

The Heads of Slaughtered Lions is an Assyrian bas-relief.

Heads of Slaughtered Lions

The Heads of Slaughtered Lions is an Assyrian bas-relief.

The Lion supporting shield is also called "il Marzocco" in Italian. It is a sculpture designed by Donatello in Florence, Italy during the 15th century.

Lion Supporting Shield

The Lion supporting shield is also called "il Marzocco" in Italian. It is a sculpture designed by Donatello…

This Lion statue is found in front of the Louvre, Paris, sculpted by Barye.

Lion Statue

This Lion statue is found in front of the Louvre, Paris, sculpted by Barye.

This Lion Tuileries is a statue of a lion found in a palace in Paris, France.

Lion Tuileries

This Lion Tuileries is a statue of a lion found in a palace in Paris, France.

This Lion Statue is found in front of the palace of Cortes in Madrid, Spain.

Lion Statue

This Lion Statue is found in front of the palace of Cortes in Madrid, Spain.

This Lion Statue is found in front of the palace of Cortes in Madrid, Spain.

Lion Statue

This Lion Statue is found in front of the palace of Cortes in Madrid, Spain.

The Lion Supporting shield is a modern form of a statue.

Lion Supporting Shield

The Lion Supporting shield is a modern form of a statue.

The Lion Sleeping is a monument to Pope Clement XIII is found in St. Peter's, Rome is designed by Canova.

Sleeping Lion

The Lion Sleeping is a monument to Pope Clement XIII is found in St. Peter's, Rome is designed by Canova.

The Wounded Lion is a sculpture found in Kriegerdenkmal, Hannover, germany.

Wounded Lion

The Wounded Lion is a sculpture found in Kriegerdenkmal, Hannover, germany.

Head of the Companion.

Head of Companion

Head of the Companion.

The Walking Lion is a Modern French statue.

Walking Lion

The Walking Lion is a Modern French statue.

This Lion in pavement is found in the town hall of Luneburg, Germany.

Lion in Pavement

This Lion in pavement is found in the town hall of Luneburg, Germany.

This Lion on shield is found on Johann of Heringen's shield..

Lion on Shield

This Lion on shield is found on Johann of Heringen's shield..

This Lion Coat of Arms is designed with inlayed marble work. It was found in St. Croce, Florence, Italy, during the Italian Renaissance.

Lion Coat of Arms

This Lion Coat of Arms is designed with inlayed marble work. It was found in St. Croce, Florence, Italy,…

This Lion Coat of Arms is designed with an intarsia panel. It was found in St. Maria Novella, Florence, Italy, during the Italian Renaissance.

Lion Coat of Arms

This Lion Coat of Arms is designed with an intarsia panel. It was found in St. Maria Novella, Florence,…

The Lion Tomb in Wertheim in Germany was designed during the 16th century by Johann of Trarbach.

Tomb in Wertheim

The Lion Tomb in Wertheim in Germany was designed during the 16th century by Johann of Trarbach.

The Lion Supporting a Shield is a modern mural decoration.

Lion Supporting a Shield

The Lion Supporting a Shield is a modern mural decoration.

The Heraldic Lion is designed by German painter Albrecht Durer.

Heraldic Lion

The Heraldic Lion is designed by German painter Albrecht Durer.

The Heraldic Lion is designed by German painter Albrecht Durer.

Heraldic Lion

The Heraldic Lion is designed by German painter Albrecht Durer.

The Greek Griffin is associated with Antiquity and fire, usually appears on Candelabras and friezes. The Griffin has the body of a Lion and the head and wings of an Eagle.

Greek Griffin

The Greek Griffin is associated with Antiquity and fire, usually appears on Candelabras and friezes.…

The Roman Griffin has the body of a Lion and the head and wings of an Eagle. The Griffin is usually associated with Antiquity and fire, and appears on Candelabras and friezes.

Roman Griffin

The Roman Griffin has the body of a Lion and the head and wings of an Eagle. The Griffin is usually…

The Renaissance Griffin is associated with Antiquity and fire, it appears on Candelabras and friezes. The Griffin has the body of a Lion and the head and wings of an Eagle.

Griffin Renaissance

The Renaissance Griffin is associated with Antiquity and fire, it appears on Candelabras and friezes.…

Assyrian Lion-Head.

Assyrian Lion-Head

Assyrian Lion-Head.

The Winged Lion is shown on the tomb of Loys de Bresze in the Rouen Cathedral during the 16th century.

Winged Lion

The Winged Lion is shown on the tomb of Loys de Bresze in the Rouen Cathedral during the 16th century.

This Lion Head is a prospectus of Dr. Schubert's Naturgeschichte.

Lion Head

This Lion Head is a prospectus of Dr. Schubert's Naturgeschichte.

This Lion Head is a painting by Paul Meyerheim.

Lion Head

This Lion Head is a painting by Paul Meyerheim.

The Gargoyle Lion Head was found in Metapontum, Greece.

Gargoyle Lion Head

The Gargoyle Lion Head was found in Metapontum, Greece.

This Gargoyle Lion Head is made out of terracotta and is found in Athens, Greece.

Gargoyle Lion Head

This Gargoyle Lion Head is made out of terracotta and is found in Athens, Greece.

The Gargoyle Lion Head is found in the Parthenon of Athens, Greece.

Gargoyle Lion Head

The Gargoyle Lion Head is found in the Parthenon of Athens, Greece.

This Antique Lion Head shows the front view of the antique head. This Lion's Head is found at the Vatican.

Antique Lion Head

This Antique Lion Head shows the front view of the antique head. This Lion's Head is found at the Vatican.

This Antique Lion Head shows the side view of the antique head. This Lion's Head is found at the Vatican.

Antique Lion Head

This Antique Lion Head shows the side view of the antique head. This Lion's Head is found at the Vatican.

This Modern French Panther head is shown from its front and side view.

Panther Head

This Modern French Panther head is shown from its front and side view.

This Tiger Head is shown from its front and side view.

Tiger Head

This Tiger Head is shown from its front and side view.

This Lynx head is shown from its front and side view. It is an Antique Gargoyle, found in the Vatican.

Lynx Head

This Lynx head is shown from its front and side view. It is an Antique Gargoyle, found in the Vatican.