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"The heart and the great blood-vessel attached to it, seen from the side towards the sternum. The left cavities and the vessels connected with them are colored red; the right black. Atd, right auricle; Adx and As, the right and left auricular appendages; Vd, right ventricle; Vs, left ventricle; Aa, aorta; Ab, innominate artery; Cs, left common carotid artery; Ssi, left subclavian artery; P, main trunk of the pulmonary artery, and Pd and Ps, its branches to the right and left lungs; cs, superior vena cava; Ade and Asi, the right and left innominate veins; pd, ps, the right and left pulmonary veins; crd and crs, the right and left coronary arteries." —Martin, 1917

Heart

"The heart and the great blood-vessel attached to it, seen from the side towards the sternum. The left…

Ailuropus Melanoleucus. "A. melanoleucus, discovered by Pere David in 1869, in the most inaccessible mountains of eastern Tibet. Said to feed principally on roots, bamboos, and other vegetables. It is of the size of a small Brown bear, of a white color, with ears, spots round the eyes, shoulders, and limbs black." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Giant Panda

Ailuropus Melanoleucus. "A. melanoleucus, discovered by Pere David in 1869, in the most inaccessible…

Diagram of the chief organs of a mammal. The bones are black. <em>a</em>, opening from the nasal cavity <em>s</em> to pharynx; <em>bl</em>, bladder; <em>ce</em>, caecum; <em>di</em>, diaphragm; <em>e</em>, epiglottis; <em>n</em>, nostril or anterior nares; <em>ov</em>, ovary; <em>rf</em> and <em>ute</em>, uterus; <em>ru</em> and <em>lu</em>, ureters; <em>x</em>, pancreas; <em>vag</em>, vagina. From Davison's <em>Mammalian Anatomy</em>.

Organs

Diagram of the chief organs of a mammal. The bones are black. a, opening from the nasal cavity…

Front view of head of bee. <em>a</em>antenna; <em>e</em>, compound eye; the three black dots are the simple eyes.

Bee Head

Front view of head of bee. aantenna; e, compound eye; the three black dots are the…

Distinct by their usually small size, their intense black colors, which occasionally have a bluish greenish tinge, and by their very convex form.

Black Bug

Distinct by their usually small size, their intense black colors, which occasionally have a bluish greenish…

Hister Arcuatus, or clown beetle. Small, oval, shining, very hard, black bronzed or greenish beetles, with the wing-covers cut off squarely behind, leaving the last segments of the abdomen exposed.

Hister Beetle

Hister Arcuatus, or clown beetle. Small, oval, shining, very hard, black bronzed or greenish beetles,…

Hister Bimaculatus, or clown beetle. Small, oval, shining, very hard, black bronzed or greenish beetles, with the wing-covers cut off squarely behind, leaving the last segments of the abdomen exposed.

Hister Beetle

Hister Bimaculatus, or clown beetle. Small, oval, shining, very hard, black bronzed or greenish beetles,…

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black snout and three small black spots at the base of the wing-covers

Potato-Stalk Borer Larva

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black…

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black snout and three small black spots at the base of the wing-covers

Potato-Stalk Borer Pupa

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black…

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black snout and three small black spots at the base of the wing-covers

Potato-Stalk Borer Adult

The potato-stalk borer, is a small ash gray weevil about one-sixth of an inch in length, with a black…

The nut weevils, are of quite large size, clay-yellow in color, and with an exceedingly long and slender, black beak or snout.

Chestnut Weevil

The nut weevils, are of quite large size, clay-yellow in color, and with an exceedingly long and slender,…

The nut weevils, are of quite large size, clay-yellow in color, and with an exceedingly long and slender, black beak or snout.

Chestnut Weevil

The nut weevils, are of quite large size, clay-yellow in color, and with an exceedingly long and slender,…

The nut weevils, are of quite large size, clay-yellow in color, and with an exceedingly long and slender, black beak or snout.

Chestnut Weevil

The nut weevils, are of quite large size, clay-yellow in color, and with an exceedingly long and slender,…

Diagram of nervous system of Crania; from the dorsal side. The nerves running to the dorsal parts are white, with black edges; those running to the ventral parts are solid black.

Brachiopoda

Diagram of nervous system of Crania; from the dorsal side. The nerves running to the dorsal parts are…

Papilio Asterias, or Papilio Polyxenes. Bright green caterpillar with broken black bands.

Black Swallowtail Butterfly Larva

Papilio Asterias, or Papilio Polyxenes. Bright green caterpillar with broken black bands.

This pupa, or chrysalis, is fastened to a little silken pad by the tail, but is also sustained by a silken band in front of the middle, so that it is said to be girthed.

Black Swallowtail Butterfly Larva

This pupa, or chrysalis, is fastened to a little silken pad by the tail, but is also sustained by a…

A black, very little marked with yellow, and the only satisfactory remedy is cutting out and destroying the larva as soon as its presence is indicated by the wilting leaves.

Blackberry Borer Male

A black, very little marked with yellow, and the only satisfactory remedy is cutting out and destroying…

A black, very little marked with yellow, and the only satisfactory remedy is cutting out and destroying the larva as soon as its presence is indicated by the wilting leaves.

Blackberry Borer Female

A black, very little marked with yellow, and the only satisfactory remedy is cutting out and destroying…

They are rather undersized, chunky flies, dark in color, with the thorax well developed and somewhat produced forward so as to partially conceal the small head from above.

Buffalo Gnat

They are rather undersized, chunky flies, dark in color, with the thorax well developed and somewhat…

The larva is curious little creatures, living under water in rather swiftly flowing streams, clinging to rocks, sticks, or logs, and feeding upon vegetable matter.

Buffalo Gnat Larva

The larva is curious little creatures, living under water in rather swiftly flowing streams, clinging…

The larva are curious little creatures, living under water in rather swiftly flowing streams, clinging to rocks, sticks, or logs, and feeding upon vegetable matter.

Buffalo Gnat Pupa

The larva are curious little creatures, living under water in rather swiftly flowing streams, clinging…

These are large or very large creatures, black or honey-yellow in color, and the bodies are transversely flattened and squarly cut off at the posterior extremity.

Long-Tailed Ophion

These are large or very large creatures, black or honey-yellow in color, and the bodies are transversely…

Also known as cow killers, are not actually ants but a type of wasp. they get their name from their hair, which ranges from red and black to completely white, or may silvery golden.

Velvet Ant

Also known as cow killers, are not actually ants but a type of wasp. they get their name from their…

Epidendrum conopseum, a small Orchid, and Tillandsia usneoides, the so-called Long Moss or Black Moss, which is no moss, but a flowering plant.

Epiphytes of Florida and Georgia

Epidendrum conopseum, a small Orchid, and Tillandsia usneoides, the so-called Long Moss or Black Moss,…

This fresco by Correggio is of St. John sitting and writing next to a black hawk. The fresco can be found hanging over the doorway of San Giovanni Evangelista in Parma.

St. John the Evangelist

This fresco by Correggio is of St. John sitting and writing next to a black hawk. The fresco can be…

A small homoterous insect, <em>Phylloscelis Atra</em> (var. <em>pallescens</em>) is not uncommon among the brambles and weeds in meadows in Maryland; it is one of a singular round or broad oval shape, being about 0.20 in length by 0.13 in breadth; the fore thigh are much thickened, and the hind tibiae or shanks are quite long and spiney on their outer edges, and are fitted for leaping. The color of this insect is black, having two orange-brown stripes on the thorax, two longitudinal stripes of the same color on the outer wings and on the border of their scutel.

Black Leaf-Leg

A small homoterous insect, Phylloscelis Atra (var. pallescens) is not uncommon among…

An example of Native American picture writing. One interpretation: "The chiefs Black Wolf, Raven, Fast Bear, and Standing Bear hold a war council round the fire where grass was high. They dig up the hatchet, have plenty of arrows, and start on foot to a Cheyenne village (cut arm, Cheyenne sign) on Beaver Creek, where they expect to have a fight, and stampede the herd of fat ponies." &mdash;Scott, 1884

Picture Writing

An example of Native American picture writing. One interpretation: "The chiefs Black Wolf, Raven, Fast…

Now known as Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University or AAMU is an accredited public, coeducational land grant college located in Normal, Madison County, Alabama. It was established under the terms of the Morill Act of 1890 and is also a historically Black university.

Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama

Now known as Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University or AAMU is an accredited public, coeducational…

A black-headed Gull standing on one leg on the beach.

Black-headed Seagull

A black-headed Gull standing on one leg on the beach.

The chief characteristics of the Asian race are: broad head; angular face; high cheek-bones; small, obliquely-set eyes; straight, coarse, black hair; scanty beard, and short stature. The color of the skin varies from pale lemon to brownish yellow.

Asian

The chief characteristics of the Asian race are: broad head; angular face; high cheek-bones; small,…

(1860-1948) John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing was General of the Armies during World War I.

John Joseph Pershing

(1860-1948) John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing was General of the Armies during World War I.

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the insect is hatched out the next spring, and feeds upon the sap of the tree. The first broods are all females, which in a short time, without any intercourse with the males, give birth to living young by the process of gemmation. These also produce other young ones, which are all females as long as the summer lasts, and it is only in the autumn that males are produced, which, uniting with the females, become the parents of the eggs for the following spring brood, thus bearing living young all the summer, and laying eggs which can withstand the frosts of the winter in autumn for the following spring season, while the parent insects in winter are destroyed by the wet and cold weather and alternate freezing and thawing.

Apple Plant Louse

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the…

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the insect is hatched out the next spring, and feeds upon the sap of the tree. The first broods are all females, which in a short time, without any intercourse with the males, give birth to living young by the process of gemmation. These also produce other young ones, which are all females as long as the summer lasts, and it is only in the autumn that males are produced, which, uniting with the females, become the parents of the eggs for the following spring brood, thus bearing living young all the summer, and laying eggs which can withstand the frosts of the winter in autumn for the following spring season, while the parent insects in winter are destroyed by the wet and cold weather and alternate freezing and thawing.

Apple Plant Louse

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the…

Eriosoma Tesselata was found on birch in Maryland, in clusters near the ends of twigs, in the autumn. It is of a black color, with white spots on the fore part of its body, and is covered with a snow white down or wool on its hinder part.

Wooly Aphid

Eriosoma Tesselata was found on birch in Maryland, in clusters near the ends of twigs, in the autumn.…

Pediculus Pubis. The crab-louse is gray-black and is a much broader square form than the other two species of louse, that has been a great scourge to soliders in time of war. This insect has been named the crab-louse from its broad crab-like appearance. It is of grayish color; the head is small, and appears to be united with the broad body without any thorax; it inhabits the hairy part of the body, under the arms or shoulders, in the beard, etc., but appears to avoid the head. These insects pierce deeply into the skin of mankind, and produce an intolerable itching.

Crab Louse

Pediculus Pubis. The crab-louse is gray-black and is a much broader square form than the other two species…

(1841-1898) Scottish novelist who wrote <em>Love and Marriage</em>, <em>In Silk Attire</em>, <em>A Daughter of Heth</em>, <em>The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton</em>, <em>A Princess of Thule</em>, and more.

William Black

(1841-1898) Scottish novelist who wrote Love and Marriage, In Silk Attire, A Daughter…

Black pepper is a flowering vine, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning.

Black Pepper

Black pepper is a flowering vine, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning.

"The Schipperke is a small tailless dog, originally bred in Belgium and only later introduced to North America." —Finley, 1917

Schipperke

"The Schipperke is a small tailless dog, originally bred in Belgium and only later introduced to North…

"The field spaniel, a dog to which very great attention has been paid by breeders and fanciers, who have lengthened its body and shortened its legs at the expense of symmetry."—Finley, 1917

Field Spaniel

"The field spaniel, a dog to which very great attention has been paid by breeders and fanciers, who…

"The King Charles spaniel, a breed of toy spaniel. It is black and tan."—Finley, 1917

King Charles Spaniel

"The King Charles spaniel, a breed of toy spaniel. It is black and tan."—Finley, 1917

"The Japanese spaniel, sometimes called the 'sleeve dog', is black and white in color; coat massive and very silky; tail tightly curled over its back, with flowering plume; very diminutive, some specimens weighing under four pounds."—Finley, 1917

Japanese Spaniel

"The Japanese spaniel, sometimes called the 'sleeve dog', is black and white in color; coat massive…

"The warmer current ascends, as indicated by the small arrows, and curls at the black wreath (u) of cloud, and then the commingling of the two currents forms an imposing dark dome (v) of cloud, from which heavy rain (r) or hail descends. The light grayish cloud which is seen behind the black wreath is the rain descending from the dark dome. The heavy raindrops bring down a large quantity of cold air, which flies straight out in advance of the storm, and produces the squall (q) indicated by the long arrow."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Line squall

"The warmer current ascends, as indicated by the small arrows, and curls at the black wreath (u) of…

Nerve fibers. Labels: a, nerve-fiber, showing complete interruption of the white substance; b, another nerve fiber with nucleus. In both these nerve fibers the white substance is stained black with osmic acid, and the axon is seen running as an uninterrupted strand through the center of the fiber. c, ordinary nerve fiber unstained; d, e, smaller nerve fiber; f, varicose nerve fiber; g, non-medullated nerve fibers.

Nerve Fibers

Nerve fibers. Labels: a, nerve-fiber, showing complete interruption of the white substance; b, another…

Vertical section of a portion of a Peyer's Patch, with lacteal vessels injected. Labels: a, villi, with their lacteals colored black; d, surface of rounded follicle, or solitary gland; e, central part; f,g,h,i, and k, lymph-channels, or lacteal vessels, colored black. "Closely connected with the lymphatic vessels in the intestines are small, rounded bodies of the size of a small pin's head, called solitary glands or follicles. These bodies consist of a rounded mass of fine lymphoid tissue, the meshes of which are crowded with leucocytes. A Peyer's patch, or agminated gland, as it is often called, is simply a collection of these follicles."&mdash; Kimber, 1907

Peyer's Patch

Vertical section of a portion of a Peyer's Patch, with lacteal vessels injected. Labels: a, villi, with…

A Diagrammatic section across the body in the chest region. Labels: x, the dorsal tube, which contains the spinal cord; the black mass surrounding it is a vertebra; a, the gullet (esophagus), a part of the alimentary canal; h, the heart; sy, sympathetic nervous system; ll, lungs; the dotted lines around them are the pleurae; rr, ribs; st, the breastbone.

Section Across the Body in the Chest Region

A Diagrammatic section across the body in the chest region. Labels: x, the dorsal tube, which contains…

"...is constructed with a plate of black oxide of copper suspended between two plates of zinc, and the fluid is a solution of caustic potash in water." -Atkinson 1903

Edison-Lalande Cell

"...is constructed with a plate of black oxide of copper suspended between two plates of zinc, and the…

Diagram illustrating the muscles (drawn in thick black lines) which pass before and behind the joints, and by their balanced activity keep the joints rigid and the body erect.

Muscles

Diagram illustrating the muscles (drawn in thick black lines) which pass before and behind the joints,…

Lines for the detection of astigmatism. "The refracting surfaces of the eye acting together are equivalent in refracting power to a single, spherical surface of fairly short curvature. Frequently, however, the result is not the same as would be given by a perfect spherical surface, owing to inequalities in the curvature of the eye. In one direction the curvature may be greater than that at right angles to it. This tendency to a cylindrical form is called astigmatism. It interferes with the formation of perfect images and sometimes leads to serious eye strain in the effort to better the vision. Astigmatism may be detected by looking at black lines radiating from a point or at fine black concentric circles. Portions of the liens or circles appear gray and others black; the gray portions are out of focus. This defect is corrected by proper cylindrical glasses which equalize the curvature of the eye" &mdash; Newell, 1900

Detection of Astigmatism

Lines for the detection of astigmatism. "The refracting surfaces of the eye acting together are equivalent…

Bag with four white, four striped, and two black marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with Ten Marbles

Bag with four white, four striped, and two black marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with four white, three black, and three striped marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with Ten Marbles

Bag with four white, three black, and three striped marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with four striped, three black, and three white marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with Ten Marbles

Bag with four striped, three black, and three white marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with four black, four white, and two striped marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with Ten Marbles

Bag with four black, four white, and two striped marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with four black, three white, and three striped marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with Ten Marbles

Bag with four black, three white, and three striped marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with four black, four striped, and two white marbles used for a probability activity.

Bag with Ten Marbles

Bag with four black, four striped, and two white marbles used for a probability activity.

Ten Dollar Bill ($10) Georgia currency from 1776. Image of a palm tree and a stone. Type set with three varieties of borders to each, printed in black and red and copperplate vignettes in various colors.

Paper Money, Ten Dollars Bill, 1776

Ten Dollar Bill ($10) Georgia currency from 1776. Image of a palm tree and a stone. Type set with three…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - oval or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - pointed. Leaf/Stem - slightly hairy when young. Leaf - two to five inches long; usually about half as broad; dark green and very shining above, especially when old; light green and shining below; thick, tough, and firm. Middle rib slightly hairy when young; side ribs rather indistinct and curved. Bark - grayish and often broken into short sections. Fertile Flowers - small, in clusters of three to eight on slender stems. April, May. Fruit - nearly one half inch long; bluish-black when ripe; egg-shape or oval; acid and rather bitter until "frosted." Stone - oval, somewhat pointed at each end, slightly flattened, and with three or four blunt ridges on each side. September. Found - from Southern Maine to Michigan, and southward to Florida and Texas. General Information - A tree twenty to forty feet high (larger southward), with flat, horizontal branches. The wood, even in short lengths, is very difficult of cleavage, and so is well fitted for beetles, hubs of wheels, pulleys, etc. Its leaves are the first to ripen in the fall, changing (sometimes as early as August) to a bright crimson. In the South, opossums climb the tree in search of its fruit and are immortalized in stories.

Genus Nyssa, L. (Sour Gum)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - oval or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base -…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge toothed (with the points of the teeth so incurved as to appear blunt), and often finely "crinkled." Outline - usually long oval or long egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - rounded or slightly pointed. Leaf/Stem - usually with two to five tooth-like glands near the base of the leaf. Leaf - two to five inches long; thickish; polished, and of a deep shining green above; beneath, lighter and smooth, with the middle rib sometimes downy toward the base. In the autumn the leaves turn to orange and later to pale yellow. Bark - of old trunks, blackish and rough; of young trunks and on the larger branches, reddish or purplish brown; marked with scattered lines; on young shoots, at first green or olive brown, gradually becoming darker, and sprinkled (sic) with small orange dots. Flowers - white, with short stems, closely set in a long, cylinder-shaped cluster. May, June. Fruit - about one and a quarter inches in diameter; with short stems (one and a quarter to one and a third inches ) hanging in long, close clusters from the ends of the twigs. It is nearly black when ripe, and of a pleasant flavor though somewhat bitter; it is eagerly eaten by birds. August. Found - very widely distributed north, south, and west. It reaches its finest growth on the western slopes of the Alleghany Mountains. General Information - A tree fifty to eighty feet high. The wood is light and hard, of a brown or reddish tinge, becoming darker with exposure, and of very great value in cabinet work and interior finish. It is now becoming scarce, so that stained birch is often used as a substitute. The bitter aromatic bark is used as a valuable tonic; "cherry brandy" is made from the fruit.

Genus Prunus L. (Cherry, Plum)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge toothed (with the points of the teeth so incurved as to appear blunt),…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharply and often doubly toothed. Outline - oval or egg-shaped, or inversely egg-shaped; always one-sided. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - rounded, or slightly heart-shaped, rarely pointed. Leaf/Stem - about one quarter inch long. Buds - smooth. Leaf - usually two to five inches long, and one and a half to two and a half wide; somewhat downy when young, afterward roughish below; above, either rough in one direction, or (especially if taken from the ends of the long branches) smooth and shining. Ribs - prominent and straight. Bark - of the branches not marked with "corky ridges"; branchlets, smooth. Seeds - flat egg-shaped or oval, winged and fringed all around. Last of May. Found - northward to Southern Newfoundland; southward to Florida; westward to the Black Hills of Dakota. Toward the western and southwestern limits it is found only in the river-bottom lands. General Information - One of the very noblest of American trees, eighty feet or more in height, and of strong and graceful proportions. The trunk divides at a slight angle into two or three arching limbs, and these again into many smaller curving and drooping branches. The trunk and the larger branches are often heavily fringed with short and leafy boughs. The tree is widely cultivated. Streets planted with it become columned and arched like the aisles of a Gothic cathedral. The wood is hard, and very tough from the interlacing of its fibers. It is used in making saddle-trees and for wheel-hubs, and is now largely exported to England to be used in boat- and ship-building. One day I found four men in a stone quarry, working with iron bars and rollers over a heavy flat slab. They were moving the stone slowly up a narrow plant into their cart. "John, " I said, "I would not think that board could hold a stone of such weight two minutes. Is it hickory?" "No sir, " said John, " that's an elm plank; it can't break." It did not break. It was one of the woods which the Deacon used in building his famous "one-hoss shay": So the deacon inquired of the village folk Where he could find the strongest oak, That count n't be split nor bent nor broke, - That was for spokes and floor and sills; He sent for lancewood to make the thills; The cross-bars were ash, from the straightest trees; The panels of whitewood, that cuts like cheese, But lasts like iron for thing like these; The hubs of logs from the Settler's Ellum; - Last of its timber, - they could n't sell 'em, Never an axe had seen their chips, And the wedges flew from between their lips, Their blunt ends frizzled like celery-tips;" --Oliver Wendell Holmes

Genus Ulmus, L. (Elm)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharply and often doubly toothed. Outline - oval or egg-shaped, or…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge coarsely and somewhat irregularly toothed; or, at times, unequally and very variously two- to three-lobed. Outline - egg shape. Apex - long pointed (when there are side lobes their ends may be rounded). Base - heart-shaped, and more or less one-sided. Leaf - three to seven inches long, rather thin, rough above and downy below, sometimes becoming very smooth. The ribs are very distinct, and whitish below. Bark - grayish, and much broken. Berries - about the size and shape of small blackberries. When ripe they are very dark purple (nearly black), juicy, and sweet. July. Found - from Western New England, westward and southward. General Information - A tree fifteen to twenty-five feet high; in the Middle and Eastern States much larger. It is most common and reaches its finest growth along the lower Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Its wood is valuable, light, and soft, but very durable in contact with the ground. The White Mulberry (M. alba) is sometimes found around old houses and in fields. It was introduced from China, and was formerly cultivated as food for silk-worms. Its leaves resemble those of the Red Mulberry in shape, but are smooth and shining.

Genus Morus, L. (Mulberry)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge coarsely and somewhat irregularly toothed; or, at times, unequally…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge finely and sharply double-toothed. Outline - egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - heart-shaped. Leaf/Stem - short and downy. Leaf - two to four inches long; about one half as wide; silky-hairy when young, but becoming smooth, except on the ribs beneath. Bark - of trunk, a dark chestnut-brown; smoothish when young, but becoming rough in old trees. The smaller branches are smooth and dotted with white spots. In its leaves and the color of the twigs it somewhat resembles the garden cherry. The foliage and bark are very aromatic and sweet-tasting. Found - from Newfoundland to Northern Delaware, westward, and southward along the mountains. It is very common in the northern forest. General Information - A tree thirty to sixty feet high, with many slender branches. The wood is hard, fine-grained, and of a reddish tint. It is largely used for cabinet-work (sometimes in place of a more valuable Black Cherry) and for fuel.

Genus Betula, L. (Birch)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge finely and sharply double-toothed. Outline - egg-shape. Apex - pointed.…