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"Cloves are a very pungent and aromatic spice, the dried flower-buds of a tree a native of the Molucca Islands, belonging to the myrtle tribe, now cultivated in Sumatra, Mauritius, Malacca, Jamaica, etc. Every part of the plant abounds in the volatile oil for which the flower-buds are prized."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cloves

"Cloves are a very pungent and aromatic spice, the dried flower-buds of a tree a native of the Molucca…

"Coffee is the seed of an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated in hot climates, and is a native of Abyssinia and of Arabia. This shrub is from 15 to 20 feet in height, and belongs to the Rubiaceæ. The fruit is of an oval shape, about the size of a cherry, and of a dark-red color when ripe. Each of these contains two cells, and each cell a single seed, which is the coffee as we see it before it undergoes the process of roasting."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Coffee Plant

"Coffee is the seed of an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated in hot climates, and is a native of Abyssinia…

"Coffee is the seed of an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated in hot climates, and is a native of Abyssinia and of Arabia. This shrub is from 15 to 20 feet in height, and belongs to the Rubiaceæ. The fruit is of an oval shape, about the size of a cherry, and of a dark-red color when ripe. Each of these contains two cells, and each cell a single seed, which is the coffee as we see it before it undergoes the process of roasting."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Coffee Bean

"Coffee is the seed of an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated in hot climates, and is a native of Abyssinia…

"Coffee is the seed of an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated in hot climates, and is a native of Abyssinia and of Arabia. This shrub is from 15 to 20 feet in height, and belongs to the Rubiaceæ. The fruit is of an oval shape, about the size of a cherry, and of a dark-red color when ripe. Each of these contains two cells, and each cell a single seed, which is the coffee as we see it before it undergoes the process of roasting."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Coffee Bean

"Coffee is the seed of an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated in hot climates, and is a native of Abyssinia…

"Arnotto-extremely common in Jamaica and other parts of the West Indies, and has been introduced into tropical regions of the old world."-Whitney, 1902

Arnotto

"Arnotto-extremely common in Jamaica and other parts of the West Indies, and has been introduced into…

"Arrowroot-Plant (Maranta arundinacea). a, a, rhizomes."-Whitney, 1902

Arrowroot-Plant

"Arrowroot-Plant (Maranta arundinacea). a, a, rhizomes."-Whitney, 1902

"Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus). a, top of plant; b, flowering head."-Whitney, 1902

Artichoke

"Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus). a, top of plant; b, flowering head."-Whitney, 1902

"Asarum Europæum, formerly used as a purgative and an emetic."-Whitney, 1902

Asarum

"Asarum Europæum, formerly used as a purgative and an emetic."-Whitney, 1902

"Ascidium of a Plant. Leaf of pitcher-plant (Nepenthes) with a winged petiole and terminating in an operculate pitcher."-Whitney, 1902

Ascidium

"Ascidium of a Plant. Leaf of pitcher-plant (Nepenthes) with a winged petiole and terminating in an…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Plant

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Flower

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Flower

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"Daffodil is the popular name of a plant which is one of the earliest ornaments of our gardens, being favorite objects of cultivation."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Daffodil

"Daffodil is the popular name of a plant which is one of the earliest ornaments of our gardens, being…

Fruits borne in a ring; stamens 6; inflourescences much branched.

Alisma

Fruits borne in a ring; stamens 6; inflourescences much branched.

lowest flowers with only carpels, or with only stamens.

Sagittaria

lowest flowers with only carpels, or with only stamens.

All flowers with stamens and carpels.

Echinodorus

All flowers with stamens and carpels.

Upper flowers with stamens only.

Lophotocarpus

Upper flowers with stamens only.

Leaves floating flat on surfacel inflourescences minute and inconspicuos.

Hydrochloa

Leaves floating flat on surfacel inflourescences minute and inconspicuos.

Leaves not flat-floating; inflourescences large and conspicuous.

Paspalum

Leaves not flat-floating; inflourescences large and conspicuous.

Inflourescences not expanded; the lower pistillate portion breaking up into bony, bead-like joints.

Tripsacum

Inflourescences not expanded; the lower pistillate portion breaking up into bony, bead-like joints.

Pistullate spikelets borne above staminate in inflorescence; leaves not cutting.

Zizania

Pistullate spikelets borne above staminate in inflorescence; leaves not cutting.

Pistullate and staminate spikelets intermixed; leaves with scabrous, cutting margins.

Zizaniopsis

Pistullate and staminate spikelets intermixed; leaves with scabrous, cutting margins.

"The Fern is a leafy plant springing from a rhizome, which creeps below or on the surface of the ground or rises into the air like the trunk of a tree. This trunk does not taper, but is of equal diameter at both ends. Some tree ferns reach 75 feet high."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Giant Tree Fern

"The Fern is a leafy plant springing from a rhizome, which creeps below or on the surface of the ground…

Plants not woody.

Arundinaria

Plants not woody.

Inflourescence made up of bony, bead-like joints.

Manisuris

Inflourescence made up of bony, bead-like joints.

Inflourescence not plum-like nor feathery; panicle obviously branched.

Echinochloa

Inflourescence not plum-like nor feathery; panicle obviously branched.

Spikelets spineless (awnless) but subtended by several bristles; panicle often nodding.

Setaria

Spikelets spineless (awnless) but subtended by several bristles; panicle often nodding.

Spikelets long-spiny (long-awned), with or withuot hairs at base; panicle not nodding.

Erianthus

Spikelets long-spiny (long-awned), with or withuot hairs at base; panicle not nodding.

Spikelets 6mm long or more; grass growing in large clumps.

Spartina

Spikelets 6mm long or more; grass growing in large clumps.

Spikelets arranged along rachis with back of fruit away from rachis; rachis 3-sided.

Axonopus

Spikelets arranged along rachis with back of fruit away from rachis; rachis 3-sided.

Spikelets with several florets.

Glyceria

Spikelets with several florets.

Spikelets very strongly flattened.

Leersia

Spikelets very strongly flattened.

Spikelets inflated or gibbous at base.

Sacciolepis

Spikelets inflated or gibbous at base.

Spikelets not inflated as base.

Panicum

Spikelets not inflated as base.

Stem topped by 1 to several spikelets; leaf-sheath distributed along the stem.

Fuirena

Stem topped by 1 to several spikelets; leaf-sheath distributed along the stem.

Spikelets subtended by conspicuous white or partly white bracts.

Dichromena

Spikelets subtended by conspicuous white or partly white bracts.

Stem round, hollow; spikelets borne in axillary as well as terminal clusters.

Dulichium

Stem round, hollow; spikelets borne in axillary as well as terminal clusters.

Spikelets with more than 2 scales enclosing achenes; no periath-bristles present.

Psilocarya

Spikelets with more than 2 scales enclosing achenes; no periath-bristles present.

Spikelets with only 1 or 2 scales enclosing acenes; perianth-bristles usually present.

Rhynchospora

Spikelets with only 1 or 2 scales enclosing acenes; perianth-bristles usually present.

Spikelets with the uppermost scale only enclosing an achene; our commonest species has saw-edged. cutting leaves.

Cladium

Spikelets with the uppermost scale only enclosing an achene; our commonest species has saw-edged. cutting…

Each scale of spikelet bearing a bristle or awn near the apex.

Fuirena

Each scale of spikelet bearing a bristle or awn near the apex.

Style swollen at base but the swollen base not persistent on achene.

Fimbristylis

Style swollen at base but the swollen base not persistent on achene.

Style not swollen as base.

Scirpus

Style not swollen as base.

Achene exposed.

Scleria

Achene exposed.

Achene enclosed in a sac.

Carex

Achene enclosed in a sac.

"Fossil Plant from Coal Measures of Pennsylvania."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Fossil Plant

"Fossil Plant from Coal Measures of Pennsylvania."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves, white flowers, and erect prickly capsules, a native of the East Indies, but now often met with in North America. A variety with pale violet flowers and purplish violet stem is frequently cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Thorn Apple

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves,…

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves, white flowers, and erect prickly capsules, a native of the East Indies, but now often met with in North America. A variety with pale violet flowers and purplish violet stem is frequently cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Thorn Apple Bud

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves,…

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanaceæ. It is one of a genus of several species, all natives of South America, chiefly on the Peruvian side. In the United States and other countries in which the summer is warm and prolonged, it has long been cultivated for the excellent qualities of the fruit as an article of diet. Though belonging to a natural order of plants usually regarded with suspicion on account of the powerfully poisonous properties of many of the species comprised in it, it is now recognized as one of the most important and valuable of vegetables grown for human food."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tomato Plant

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanaceæ. It is one of a genus of several…

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanaceæ. It is one of a genus of several species, all natives of South America, chiefly on the Peruvian side. In the United States and other countries in which the summer is warm and prolonged, it has long been cultivated for the excellent qualities of the fruit as an article of diet. Though belonging to a natural order of plants usually regarded with suspicion on account of the powerfully poisonous properties of many of the species comprised in it, it is now recognized as one of the most important and valuable of vegetables grown for human food."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tomato

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanaceæ. It is one of a genus of several…

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanaceæ. It is one of a genus of several species, all natives of South America, chiefly on the Peruvian side. In the United States and other countries in which the summer is warm and prolonged, it has long been cultivated for the excellent qualities of the fruit as an article of diet. Though belonging to a natural order of plants usually regarded with suspicion on account of the powerfully poisonous properties of many of the species comprised in it, it is now recognized as one of the most important and valuable of vegetables grown for human food."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tomato

"Tomato, or Love Apple, is a plant of the natural order Solanaceæ. It is one of a genus of several…

"Tuberose (Polianthus) is a genus of plants of the natural order Liliaceæ. The plant is in high esteem for the beauty and fragrance of its flowers, the odor of which is most powerful after sunset. The fading flowers emit, in certain states of the atmosphere, an electric light and sparks. The native country of the tuberose is Mexico. They are very extensively grown by American and British florists, who, by planting the roots successionally, manage to keep up a supply of flowers at all seasons. There are several varieties."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Double Tuberose

"Tuberose (Polianthus) is a genus of plants of the natural order Liliaceæ. The plant is in high…

"Tussock Grass is a large grass, same genus with the cock's-foot grass of the United States; native of the Falkland Islands, Fuegia, and South Patagonia. It grows in great tufts or tussocks sometimes five or six feet in height, the long tapering leaves hanging over in graceful curves. The plant is a useful food for cattle."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tussock Grass

"Tussock Grass is a large grass, same genus with the cock's-foot grass of the United States; native…

"Valerian is an order of herbs or rarely shrubs belonging to the division of monopetalous dicotyledons having the stamens arising from the petals. The order is distinguished from its congeners by the opposite leaves; small irregular flowers. It contains 12 genera and about 190 species, distributed through Northwestern America, Europe, Northern Africa, and temperate Asia– unknown in Australia, and only one species South African. It has a penetrating odor, and a bitter, acrid, somewhat aromatic taste; when distilled with water it yields a volatile oil and valerianic acid. Cats have a strange liking for the odor, and it exercises a remarkable intoxicating or stimulating power over them; the plant is sometimes called cats' valerian. It is often used to tempt cats to an unhappy fate."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Valerian

"Valerian is an order of herbs or rarely shrubs belonging to the division of monopetalous dicotyledons…

"Vetch, Fetch, Fitch, and Tare are terms variously used to indicate the fodder plant. This genus consists of about 100 species of climbing or diffuse herbs, distributed through temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and South America. It is one of the best fodder plants, but is only of one or two years' duration; it is important also for green manure, and as a companion crop with clovers. The practice of sowing it along with oats or barley is strongly recommended, insuring a greater bulk of produce, and preventing the crop from massing and rotting in wet weather."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Vetch Plant

"Vetch, Fetch, Fitch, and Tare are terms variously used to indicate the fodder plant. This genus consists…

"Vetch, Fetch, Fitch, and Tare are terms variously used to indicate the fodder plant. This genus consists of about 100 species of climbing or diffuse herbs, distributed through temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and South America. It is one of the best fodder plants, but is only of one or two years' duration; it is important also for green manure, and as a companion crop with clovers. The practice of sowing it along with oats or barley is strongly recommended, insuring a greater bulk of produce, and preventing the crop from massing and rotting in wet weather."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Vetch Seed Pod

"Vetch, Fetch, Fitch, and Tare are terms variously used to indicate the fodder plant. This genus consists…

"Viper's Bugloss is a genus of plants. The species are large herbaceous plants or shrubs, rough with tubercles and hairs. Their flowers are often very beautiful. the common viper's bugloss, a large annual plant, is a native of Great Britain and of most parts of Europe growing in dry places, not infrequently in cornfields. Its flowers are at first reddish, and afterward blue. It derives its name, viper's bugloss, from spots on its stem, which somehat resemble those of the viper, and the property of healing viper's bites was therefore ascribed to it. Other herbaceous species are found in North and South America, and other parts of the world. Shrubby species are found chiefly in the Canaries and South Africa."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Viper's Bugloss

"Viper's Bugloss is a genus of plants. The species are large herbaceous plants or shrubs, rough with…

"The Water Lily is an exogenous aquatic plant including eight genera, and all possessing submerged root stocks. They are found in all temperate climates, and attain great size in the tropics. The white water lily is the familiar flower of ponds and placid streams throughout North America, its large and chaste flowers claiming precedence for beauty among the indigenous flora."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

White Water Lily

"The Water Lily is an exogenous aquatic plant including eight genera, and all possessing submerged root…

"In nearly every tissue of the body there is a marvelous network of vessels, precisely like the lacteals, known as the <em>lymphatics</em>. They seem to start out of the part in which they are found, like the rootlets of a plant in the soil. The tiny roots join together and make larger roots. They carry a fluid called <em>lymph</em>, very much like blood without the red corpuscles. It is to be remembered that the lacteals are really the lymphatics which begin in the villi of the small intestine." — Blaisedell, 1904

Superficial Lymphatics of the foot

"In nearly every tissue of the body there is a marvelous network of vessels, precisely like the lacteals,…

"Lady's Slipper is a genus of plants. The genus is remarkable for the large inflated lip of the corolla. Several very beautiful species are natives of the colder parts of North America."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lady's Slipper

"Lady's Slipper is a genus of plants. The genus is remarkable for the large inflated lip of the corolla.…