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"Coin of Edward VI." — Lardner, 1885

Coin of Edward VI

"Coin of Edward VI." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of Phillip and Mary." — Lardner, 1885

Coin of Phillip and Mary

"Coin of Phillip and Mary." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of Charles II." — Lardner, 1885

Charles II

"Coin of Charles II." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of James II." — Lardner, 1885

Coin of James II

"Coin of James II." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of William and Mary." — Lardner, 1885

Coin of William and Mary

"Coin of William and Mary." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of Anne." — Lardner, 1885

Coin of Anne

"Coin of Anne." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of George I." — Lardner, 1885

Coin of George I

"Coin of George I." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of George II." — Lardner, 1885

Coin of George II

"Coin of George II." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of George III." — Lardner, 1885

George III

"Coin of George III." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of George IV." — Lardner, 1885

George IV

"Coin of George IV." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of William IV." — Lardner, 1885

William IV

"Coin of William IV." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of Victoria." — Lardner, 1885

Coin of Victoria

"Coin of Victoria." — Lardner, 1885

"James II." — Lardner, 1885

James II

"James II." — Lardner, 1885

"William and Mary." — Lardner, 1885

William and Mary

"William and Mary." — Lardner, 1885

"Anne of Great Britain." — Lardner, 1885

Anne

"Anne of Great Britain." — Lardner, 1885

"George I." — Lardner, 1885

George I, King of England

"George I." — Lardner, 1885

"George II." — Lardner, 1885

George II, King of England

"George II." — Lardner, 1885

"George III." — Lardner, 1885

George III, King of England

"George III." — Lardner, 1885

"This famous man, who has been called 'the chief literary glory of England', was born at Stratford-on-Avon." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

William Shakespeare

"This famous man, who has been called 'the chief literary glory of England', was born at Stratford-on-Avon."…

"From the most humble origin Thurlow Weed rose by slow degrees until he became one of the leading journalists of the United States and the greatest political leader of his time." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Thurlow Weed

"From the most humble origin Thurlow Weed rose by slow degrees until he became one of the leading journalists…

"No man in the United States has been written about more than Henry Ward Beecher, but the main facts of his life are told in a few words." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Henry Ward Beecher

"No man in the United States has been written about more than Henry Ward Beecher, but the main facts…

In the United States, a patroon was a landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in the 17th century Dutch colony of New Netherland in North America. Through the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions of 1629, the Dutch West India Company first started to grant this title and land to some of its invested members. The deeded tracts were called patroonships and could span 16 miles in length on one side of a major river, or 8 miles if spanning both sides. After the English takeover of New Netherland in 1664, the system continued with the granting of large tracts known as manors, and sometimes referred to as patroonships.

A Dutch Patroon

In the United States, a patroon was a landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in the…

Petrels have a fossil record that extends back at least 60 million years, it is among the oldest bird groupings. They are characterised by a united nostrils with medium septum, and a long outer functional primary. It is dominant in the Southern Oceans, but not so in the Northern Hemisphere.

Petrel

Petrels have a fossil record that extends back at least 60 million years, it is among the oldest bird…

The Spotted Salamander is a mole salamander common in the eastern United States.

Spotted Salamander

The Spotted Salamander is a mole salamander common in the eastern United States.

United States Senate in session.

Congress - Senate

United States Senate in session.

The Treasury building in Washington, D.C..

United States Treasury Building

The Treasury building in Washington, D.C..

The Supreme Court in session.

United States Supreme Court

The Supreme Court in session.

A roman moulding, called a <em>Scotia.</em> It consists of two quarter circles one of which has a radius equal to twice the radius of the other. The centers of both arcs must be on the same horizontal line. It is generally applied in the bases of columns.

Scotia

A roman moulding, called a Scotia. It consists of two quarter circles one of which has a radius…

A roman moulding, called a <em>Ovolo.</em> It is composed of a quarter of a circle and an upper and lower fillet. Without the addition of the fillet it is called a <em>Quarter Round</em>. Its construction is made apparent by referring to the figure.

Ovolo

A roman moulding, called a Ovolo. It is composed of a quarter of a circle and an upper and…

A roman moulding, called a <em>Cavetto.</em> It consists of a quarter circle with a sunk fillet below. By referring to the figure it will be seen that it is exactly the reverse of the ovolo. The center for describing the quarter circle is without instead of within the moulding. Itis also called a <em>Concave Moulding</em>.

Cavetto

A roman moulding, called a Cavetto. It consists of a quarter circle with a sunk fillet below.…

A roman moulding, called a <em>Cyma Recta.</em> It is a moulding of double curvature and two fillets. The curve is composed of quarter-circles; the upper or concave portion of the has its center without, while the lower curve has its center within the moulding. Both centers are on the same horizontal line. This moulding is frequently called an <em>Ogee</em>.

Cyma Recta

A roman moulding, called a Cyma Recta. It is a moulding of double curvature and two fillets.…

A roman moulding, called a <em>Cyma Reversa.</em> This like the cyma recta, is composed of two quarter circles and an upper and lower fillet. It is distinguished from the former by having its convex part above and the concave part below a horizontal center line.

Cyma Reversa

A roman moulding, called a Cyma Reversa. This like the cyma recta, is composed of two quarter…

An American bookseller from Boston who became the chief Artillery officer of the Continental Army and later the nation's first United States Secretary of War.

Henry Knox

An American bookseller from Boston who became the chief Artillery officer of the Continental Army and…

A genus of beautiful orchids native to the northern latitudes, three species occurring in the United States. The roots of the yellow lady's slipper yield medicine of value in cases of nervous affection.

Lady's Slipper

A genus of beautiful orchids native to the northern latitudes, three species occurring in the United…

"The Druidical system was at the height of at the time of the Roman invasion uner Julius Caesar. Against the Druids, as their chief enemies, these conquerors of the world directed their unsparing fury. The Druids, harassed at all points on the mainland, retreated to Anglesey and ona, where for a season they found shelter and continued their now dishonoured rites." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Druids

"The Druidical system was at the height of at the time of the Roman invasion uner Julius Caesar. Against…

The sixteenth president of the United States, born in Hardin county, Kentucky, Feb. 12, 1809; died April 15, 1865. He was a great opposer of slavery.

Abraham Lincoln

The sixteenth president of the United States, born in Hardin county, Kentucky, Feb. 12, 1809; died April…

A United States Romantic poet, critic, satirist, writer, diplomat, and abolitionist.

James Lowell

A United States Romantic poet, critic, satirist, writer, diplomat, and abolitionist.

Twenty-fourth president of the United States, born at Niles, Ohio Jan. 29, 1843; died Sept. 14, 1901. Previously, the 39th Governor of Ohio.

William McKinley

Twenty-fourth president of the United States, born at Niles, Ohio Jan. 29, 1843; died Sept. 14, 1901.…

The fourth President of the United States. He was co-author, with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, of the Federalist Papers, and is traditionally regarded as the Father of the United States Constitution.

James Madison

The fourth President of the United States. He was co-author, with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, of…

A genus of locusts remarkable for their form. They are widely distributed in the United States and Eurasia. These insects include several species, most of which are noted for the large spinous forelegs, which appear as if folded for prayer when waiting for the insect prey.

Mantis

A genus of locusts remarkable for their form. They are widely distributed in the United States and Eurasia.…

A bird of North america, and common in the United States as far south as the Mexican boundary.

Meadowlark

A bird of North america, and common in the United States as far south as the Mexican boundary.

A grass extensively cultivated in some sections of the United States for forage. There are numerous species, most of which bear stalks and leaves of value for feed in the green and dry state, and form wholesome food products for cattle, sheep, horses, and mules.

Millet

A grass extensively cultivated in some sections of the United States for forage. There are numerous…

An internationally-famous Polish actress who later moved to the United States.

Helena Modjeska

An internationally-famous Polish actress who later moved to the United States.

The fifth president of the United States, born in Westmoreland county, Virginia, April 28, 1758; died in New York City, July 4, 1831.

James Monroe

The fifth president of the United States, born in Westmoreland county, Virginia, April 28, 1758; died…

Elisha Kent Kane was a medical officer in the United States Navy and was present in two Arctic expeditions.

Elisha Kane

Elisha Kent Kane was a medical officer in the United States Navy and was present in two Arctic expeditions.

A soldier born in Frederick City, Maryland, March 25, 1838. After graduating at Rochester University, New York, in 1858, he was admitted to practice law in New York, but in 1862 entered the United States army, remaining with the 140th regiment to the close of the war.

Elwell Otis

A soldier born in Frederick City, Maryland, March 25, 1838. After graduating at Rochester University,…

An intellectual, scholar, revolutionary, and idealist, is widely recognized as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A radical pamphleteer, Paine anticipated and helped foment the American Revolution through his powerful writings, most notably <em>Common Sense</em>, an incendiary tract advocating independence from Great Britain.

Thomas Paine

An intellectual, scholar, revolutionary, and idealist, is widely recognized as one of the Founding Fathers…

A species of palm indigenous to the United States. It is found abundantly in the Carolinas, Florida, Georgia, and some sections of California. There are a number of allied species, some of which are widely distributed in Eurasia and various islands of the sea.

Palmetto

A species of palm indigenous to the United States. It is found abundantly in the Carolinas, Florida,…

An Irish political leader and one of the most important figures in 19th century Ireland and the United Kingdom.

Charles Parnell

An Irish political leader and one of the most important figures in 19th century Ireland and the United…

A genus of fish including many species, and found widely distributed both in salt and fresh water. They are especially abundant in the northern part of the United States and Canada, and are found in the ponds, rivers, and lakes of nothern Eurasia and off the coast of these and other regions.

Perch

A genus of fish including many species, and found widely distributed both in salt and fresh water. They…

A genus of sea-birds. They include many species, all of which have webbed feet and long and strong wings. The nasal tubes are united, the beak is as long as the head, and the upper mandible is hooked. They live almost constantly on the ocean.

Petrel

A genus of sea-birds. They include many species, all of which have webbed feet and long and strong wings.…

A genus of birds found originally in Asia, but brought to Europe at an early date in history. They were introduced into the United States from Europe. The pheasants include a number of species, and with them are usually associated numerous allied birds, all of which are highly prized as game birds.

Pheasant

A genus of birds found originally in Asia, but brought to Europe at an early date in history. They were…

The fourteenth president of the United States, born in Hillsboro, New Hampshire, Nov. 23, 1804; died in Concord, Oct. 8, 1869.

Franklin Pierce

The fourteenth president of the United States, born in Hillsboro, New Hampshire, Nov. 23, 1804; died…

The eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 3, 1849. Polk was born in Mecklenburg county, North Carolina, but mostly lived in and represented state of Tennessee.

James Polk

The eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 3, 1849. Polk was born…

A United States Navy admiral nown for his victory in the Battle of santiago de Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

William Sampson

A United States Navy admiral nown for his victory in the Battle of santiago de Cuba during the Spanish-American…

A naval officer, born in Frederick county, Marland, Oct. 9, 1839. After attending the public schools, he took a course of instruction in the United States Naval Academy, and subsequent to graduation entered the Civil War as master on the Potomac.

Winfield Schley

A naval officer, born in Frederick county, Marland, Oct. 9, 1839. After attending the public schools,…

A small beetle, about a quarter of an inch long. Usually a brilliant golden green color.

Cryptocephalus

A small beetle, about a quarter of an inch long. Usually a brilliant golden green color.

The name of a genus of gigantic trees of the pine family, nearly allied to the bald cypress of the southeastern United States, and so named from the Indian chief Sequoiah, who invented the Cherokee alphabet. There are only two chief species, the redwood and the mammoth, both of which are native to California.

Sequoia

The name of a genus of gigantic trees of the pine family, nearly allied to the bald cypress of the southeastern…

The United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.

William Seward

The United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.

An American soldier, businessman, and author. He served as a general in the United States Army during the American Civil War, achieving both recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy, and criticism for the harshnes of the "scorched earth" policies he implemented in conducting total war against the enemy.

William Sherman

An American soldier, businessman, and author. He served as a general in the United States Army during…