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(1829-1916) American educator, editor of the Providence journal and minister to China and Turkey

J. B. Angell

(1829-1916) American educator, editor of the Providence journal and minister to China and Turkey

(1800-1879) Lawyer and public official. Appointed commissioner to China and served in the Mexican War. He wrote many articles and books.

Caleb Cushing

(1800-1879) Lawyer and public official. Appointed commissioner to China and served in the Mexican War.…

(1823-1901) Chinese dignitary and statesman

Li Hung Chang

(1823-1901) Chinese dignitary and statesman

Flag of China, 1913

China, Flag

Flag of China, 1913

China, imperial navy flag, 1910

China, Imperial Navy Flag

China, imperial navy flag, 1910

The pin-tailed grouse is common in Spain, Russia and Northern China.

Pin-Tailed Sand Grouse

The pin-tailed grouse is common in Spain, Russia and Northern China.

Man-of-war flag.

Flag of China, 1923

Man-of-war flag.

Group of Chinese people, Mandarin, Lady, Boy, Female Attendant, Soldier and Bird's-nest Seller.

China, (People)

Group of Chinese people, Mandarin, Lady, Boy, Female Attendant, Soldier and Bird's-nest Seller.

"The Confederate privateer steamer <em>Alabama</em> (290). Captain Raphael Semmes. Our illustration of the <em>Alabama</em> was taken from a photograph while she was at Liverpool, where she was facetiously termed the Emperor of China's yacht. The <em>Alabama</em> was built at Birkenhead; she was about 1,200 tons burden, with draught of about 14 feet; her engines built by Laird & Sons, of Birkenhead, 1862. She was a wooden vessel propelled by a screw, copper bottom, about 210 feet long, rather narrow, painted black outside and drab inside; had a round stern, billethead, very little sheer, flushed deck fore and aft; a bridge forward of the smokestack; carried two large black boats on cranes amidships forward of the main rigging; two black quarter boats between the main and mizzen masts, one small black boat over the stern on cranes; the square spars on a gallows between the bridge and foremast showed above the rail. She carried three long 32-pounders on a side, and was pierced for two more amidships; had a 100-pound rifled pivot gun forward of the bridge, and a 68-pound pivot on the main track; had tracks laid forward for a pivot bow gun, and tracks aft for a pivot stern chaser; her guns were of the Blakely pattern, and were manufactured by Wesley & Preston, Liverpool, 1862. She took her armament and crew and most of her officers on board near Terceira. Wester Islands, from an English vessel. Her commander was Raphael Semmes."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Steamer Alabama

"The Confederate privateer steamer Alabama (290). Captain Raphael Semmes. Our illustration…

A Poland-China pig, best suited for lard.

Poland-China pig

A Poland-China pig, best suited for lard.

The esculent swallow's nest is prized among the Chinese as a delicacy. It is native to many parts of Asia.

Esculent Swallow

The esculent swallow's nest is prized among the Chinese as a delicacy. It is native to many parts of…

A pair of ring-necked pheasants, native to China.

Ring-Necked Pheasant

A pair of ring-necked pheasants, native to China.

A pair of cochin china fowls.

Cochin China Fowl

A pair of cochin china fowls.

The Mandarin duck, also known as the Chinese teal and the fan-tail duck, is domesticated in China and Japan.

Mandarin Duck

The Mandarin duck, also known as the Chinese teal and the fan-tail duck, is domesticated in China and…

"The Gold Carp, <em>C. auratus</em>, often called the Gold-fish and silver-fish, as it assumes both colors, is originally from China, the most beautiful species being taken from Lake Che-Kyang." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Gold carp

"The Gold Carp, C. auratus, often called the Gold-fish and silver-fish, as it assumes both…

Chinese Temple

Temple

Chinese Temple

"This important insect is a native of the north of China; and a great portion of the supplies of silk for Europe and America are still derived from that country." — Goodrich, 1859

Silkworm Moth, Caterpillar, and Chrysalis

"This important insect is a native of the north of China; and a great portion of the supplies of silk…

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper lip; a long and arched neck; one or two humps or protuberances on the back; and a broad elastic foot ending in two small hoofs. The native country of the camel is said to extend from Morocco to China, within a zone of 900 or 1,000 miles in breadth. The common camel, having two humps, is found in the N. part of this region, and exclusively from the ancient Bactria, now Turkestan, to China. The dromedary, or single-humped camel is found throuhout the entire length of this zone. The camel will travel three days under a load and five days under a rider without drinking. It can live on little food, and of the coarsest kind. Camels which carry heavy burdens will do about 25 miles a day; those which are used for speed alone, from 60 to 90 miles a day. It lives from 40 to 50 years. The South American members of the family Camelid&aelig; contain the llama and alpaca; they have no humps."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Camel

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper…

"Date Palm is a genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common date palm, the palm tree of Scripture, a native of the N. half of Africa, the S. W. of Asia, and some parts of India, and of which the cultivation is no less wide, and still extending. Some parts of China produce large crops. The stem, which is straight and simple, reaches a height of 30 to 60 feet, and bears a head of 40 to 80 glaucous pinnated leaves, 8 to 10 feet long, and a number of branching spadices, each of which on the female tree bears 180 to 200 fruits. A bunch of dates weighs 20 or 25 pounds, so that an average year's crop may be reckoned at 300 to 600 pounds per tree, and the yield per acre at about 12 times that of corn. This is one of the most important and useful of all the palms. In Egypt, and generally in North Africa, Persia, and Arabia, dates form the principal food, and date palms the principal wealth of the people."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Date Palm

"Date Palm is a genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common date palm, the palm…

"Aulostoma chinense."-Whitney, 1902.

Aulostoma

"Aulostoma chinense."-Whitney, 1902.

"Palm is a natural order of endogenous plants, the products of which are of extreme importance and utility to man. The size of the leaves varies, some being only a few inches in length, while in others they attain the enormous proportions of 35 feet in length by 5 or 6 feet in breadth. The flowers are small individually, but numerous, usually of a yellow tint, and in some species powerfully odorous. The fruit when ripe is berry-like, drupaceous, plum-like, or, as in the cocoanut, nut-like. The sugar palm is a native of the Moluccas, Cochin-China, and the Indian Archipelago, and is of immense value to the natives of these countries on account of its various products. It yields an abundant sweet sap, from which a chocolate-colored sugar is made. The sap fermented makes an intoxicating drink variously named by the inhabitants of the different countries. From the pith of the stem sago is obtained in great quantity, a single stem yielding as much as from 150 to 200 pounds."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cycas Revoluta Sago Palm

"Palm is a natural order of endogenous plants, the products of which are of extreme importance and utility…

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes the China plant, and the indigenous Assam plant. At one time it was supposed that two Chinese species were grown of which one furnished the black tea and the other the green tea of commerce, but further research has shown that these species cannot be maintained. Whether the tea shrub is indigenous in China and Japan is a doubtful question. The fact has been historically established that the culture of tea existed in China in the 4th century, and in Japan in the 9th century, and from these countries it was exclusively obtained for any other part of the globe till the time of the present generation. The discovery of the indigenous plant in the forest country of Upper Assam was made in 1834, and since 1840 its cultivation there has taken very firm root."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tea Plant

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes the China…

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternst&oelig;miace&aelig;. It includes the China plant, and the indigenous Assam plant. At one time it was supposed that two Chinese species were grown of which one furnished the black tea and the other the green tea of commerce, but further research has shown that these species cannot be maintained. Whether the tea shrub is indigenous in China and Japan is a doubtful question. The fact has been historically established that the culture of tea existed in China in the 4th century, and in Japan in the 9th century, and from these countries it was exclusively obtained for any other part of the globe till the time of the present generation. The discovery of the indigenous plant in the forest country of Upper Assam was made in 1834, and since 1840 its cultivation there has taken very firm root."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tea Flower

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes…

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternst&oelig;miace&aelig;. It includes the China plant, and the indigenous Assam plant. At one time it was supposed that two Chinese species were grown of which one furnished the black tea and the other the green tea of commerce, but further research has shown that these species cannot be maintained. Whether the tea shrub is indigenous in China and Japan is a doubtful question. The fact has been historically established that the culture of tea existed in China in the 4th century, and in Japan in the 9th century, and from these countries it was exclusively obtained for any other part of the globe till the time of the present generation. The discovery of the indigenous plant in the forest country of Upper Assam was made in 1834, and since 1840 its cultivation there has taken very firm root."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tea Fruit

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes…

Wolseley was a British Field Marshal and served in Burma, the Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny, China, Canada, and in Africa.

Sir Garnet J. Wolseley

Wolseley was a British Field Marshal and served in Burma, the Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny, China,…

"Heavy obstacles employed in Manchuria by the Russians." &mdash; Moss, 1914

Cavalry barrier

"Heavy obstacles employed in Manchuria by the Russians." — Moss, 1914

The leaves of a shrub or small tree, a native of China and Japan; usually shipped in boxes.

Tea

The leaves of a shrub or small tree, a native of China and Japan; usually shipped in boxes.

"The emperor of China, Taou-Kwang, was born in 1782, and is a grandson of Kien-long. He succeeded his profligate father, Kea-king, in 1820." — Goodrich, 1844

Taou-Kwang

"The emperor of China, Taou-Kwang, was born in 1782, and is a grandson of Kien-long. He succeeded his…

"The Great Wall of China" &mdash; Morey, 1903

Wall China

"The Great Wall of China" — Morey, 1903

A genus of ornamental shrubs and trees, native to North America, China, India, Japan, and other portions of Eurasia. There are many species noted for their great beauty, handsome flowers, and evergreen or deciduous leaves.

Magnolia

A genus of ornamental shrubs and trees, native to North America, China, India, Japan, and other portions…

The tortoise or turtle border design is a design in which the figure of the tortoise is arrayed in a manner similar to that of the Herati border design. In China the tortoise stands for longevity and immortality. In India it is also auspicious inasmuch as it represents the second incarnation of Vishnu where it supports the earth on its back.

Turtle Design

The tortoise or turtle border design is a design in which the figure of the tortoise is arrayed in a…

The milky juice obtained fom the unripe capsules of several species of the poppy, which is rendered concrete and dark colored by exposure to the air. the poppy is cultivated in many places as a garden plant for its beautiful single or double flowers of white, violet, red, or variegated colors, but in Turkey, India, China, Hindustan, and other countries it is grown extensively in plantations for its yield of opium.

Opium

The milky juice obtained fom the unripe capsules of several species of the poppy, which is rendered…

A class of fruit trees of the citrus genus, including several species. They are native to China, India, and other countries of eastern Asia. The orange tree was cultivated for its fruit from remote antiquity, but it was not introduced into Europe until brought there by the Moors in the 14th century, and was first cultivated in Portugal about 1520.

Orange

A class of fruit trees of the citrus genus, including several species. They are native to China, India,…

"Japanese pagodas are similar to those of China, and even more elaborately carved." &mdash;D'Anvers, 1895

Pagoda

"Japanese pagodas are similar to those of China, and even more elaborately carved." —D'Anvers,…

One of the two great rivers of China.

River Scene in China

One of the two great rivers of China.

This illustration shows the Sacred Altar of Heaven. This altar is located in the city of Peking, China.

Altar of Heavan

This illustration shows the Sacred Altar of Heaven. This altar is located in the city of Peking, China.

A diathus native to China. Usually in shades ranging from white to red.

China Pink

A diathus native to China. Usually in shades ranging from white to red.

A diathus native to China. Usually in shades ranging from white to red.

Clove Pink

A diathus native to China. Usually in shades ranging from white to red.

A street in the city of Canton.

Canton

A street in the city of Canton.

A china closet made out of quartered oak with an antique finish.

China Closet

A china closet made out of quartered oak with an antique finish.

A sideboard and china closet combined. Made out of quartered oak, hand carved and highly polished.

Sideboard and China Closet

A sideboard and china closet combined. Made out of quartered oak, hand carved and highly polished.

"In China and the warmer parts of Japan a fish extremely similar to the Crucian carp of Europe is of very common occurrence in ponds and other still waters. In the wild state its colors do not differ from those of a Crucian carp, and like that fish it is tenacious of life and easily domesticated. Albinos seem to be rather common and as in other fishes, the color of most of these albinos is a bright orange or golden yellow; occasionally even this shade of color is lost, the fish being more or less pure white or silvery." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Goldfish

"In China and the warmer parts of Japan a fish extremely similar to the Crucian carp of Europe is of…

"The most powerful of the Great Monguls, the last who ruled with energy and effect." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Aurungzebe

"The most powerful of the Great Monguls, the last who ruled with energy and effect." — Chambers'…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Liliaceae, having a perianth with bell-shaped limb, and sub-cylindrical tube, and globose seeds with soft testa. Several species are cultivated in our flower-gardens, especially the fragrant Yellow Day-lily, a native of Hungary, Siberia, and the north of China." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Day-lily

"A genus of plants of the natural order Liliaceae, having a perianth with bell-shaped limb, and sub-cylindrical…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Fumariaceae, in appearance and habit much resembling fumitories of extraordinary size. Dielytra spectabilis, a native of Siberia and the northern provinces of China, was introduced into Britain from the island of Chusan in 1846, and rapidly became a general favorite, on account of its long racemes of drooping, delicate, rosy-pink flowers." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Dielytra

"A genus of plants of the natural order Fumariaceae, in appearance and habit much resembling fumitories…

"A genus of annual, subshrubby plants, order Solanaceae, with a wheel-shaped corolla, projecting and converging stamens, and a many-seeded berry. They are chiefly natives of the East and West Indies, China, Brazil, and Egypt, but have spread to various other tropical or subtropical countries, being cultivated for their fruit, which in some reaches the size of an orange, is fleshy and variously colored and contains a pungent principle, which is presented also and more largely in the seed." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Capsicum

"A genus of annual, subshrubby plants, order Solanaceae, with a wheel-shaped corolla, projecting and…

A chinese flower. It abounds in a volitale oil which gives it an aromatic flavor and odor. Used as a condiment in China and India.

Star Anise

A chinese flower. It abounds in a volitale oil which gives it an aromatic flavor and odor. Used as a…

(1254-1324) A famous Venetian trader and explorer who traveled the Silk Road to China.

Marco Polo

(1254-1324) A famous Venetian trader and explorer who traveled the Silk Road to China.

The Himalayas, the loftiest mountains in the world, rise abruptly form the plains of Northern Hindustan.

Himalaya Mountains

The Himalayas, the loftiest mountains in the world, rise abruptly form the plains of Northern Hindustan.

Sugar Cane is probably a native to India, but is now extensively cultivated throughout the tropical and warm temperate zones, of both hemispheres, in the West Indies, Southern United States, Guinea and Brazil, Mauritius and Bourbon, Bengal, Siam, China, Java, and the neighboring islands.

Sugar Cane

Sugar Cane is probably a native to India, but is now extensively cultivated throughout the tropical…

Tea consists of the dried leaves of a number of evergreen shrubs, natives of China or thereabouts. Tea is cultivated in China and India, as far north as latitude 45. It appears to thrive between 25 and 33 N. Latitude. It is extensively cultivated in Malacca, Java, and various portions of the English possessions in India. Tea was introduced into Europe by the Dutch in 1610.

Tea Plant

Tea consists of the dried leaves of a number of evergreen shrubs, natives of China or thereabouts. Tea…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge coarsely and somewhat irregularly toothed; or, at times, unequally and very variously two- to three-lobed. Outline - egg shape. Apex - long pointed (when there are side lobes their ends may be rounded). Base - heart-shaped, and more or less one-sided. Leaf - three to seven inches long, rather thin, rough above and downy below, sometimes becoming very smooth. The ribs are very distinct, and whitish below. Bark - grayish, and much broken. Berries - about the size and shape of small blackberries. When ripe they are very dark purple (nearly black), juicy, and sweet. July. Found - from Western New England, westward and southward. General Information - A tree fifteen to twenty-five feet high; in the Middle and Eastern States much larger. It is most common and reaches its finest growth along the lower Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Its wood is valuable, light, and soft, but very durable in contact with the ground. The White Mulberry (M. alba) is sometimes found around old houses and in fields. It was introduced from China, and was formerly cultivated as food for silk-worms. Its leaves resemble those of the Red Mulberry in shape, but are smooth and shining.

Genus Morus, L. (Mulberry)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge coarsely and somewhat irregularly toothed; or, at times, unequally…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge irregularly sharp-toothed, or, at times unequally and very variously two- to three-lobed. Outline - very nearly that of the Red Mulberry broad egg-shape. Apex - taper-pointed (when there are side lobes their ends also pointed). Base - rounded or slightly pointed, rarely, in the small leaves, slightly heart-shaped. Leaf/Stem - rough. Leaf - usually about five inches long, sometimes nine inches; thick, rough above, very velvety-rough. The main ribs are very distinct, and are thickly netted with smaller ones. Bark - light and smoothish. Flowers - in long aments and balls. Fruit - not edible. General Information - An introduced tree, common around houses or escaped from cultivation. A low-branching, large-headed shade tree of medium size, introduced from Japan. In Japan and China the bark of the Paper Mulberry is made into paper, whence the name.

Genus Broussonetia, L'Her.

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge irregularly sharp-toothed, or, at times unequally and very variously…

Leaves - compound (odd-feathered, but with the odd leaflet often dwarfed or broken off; leaflets, twenty-one to forty-one); alternate; edge of the leaflets entire, with one or two coarse, blunt teeth at each side of their base. Outline - of leaflet, long egg-shape or lance-shape. Apex - taper-pointed. Base, squared, or heart-shaped. Leaf/Stem - smooth, round, swollen at base. Leaflet/Stems - smooth and short. Leaf - one and a half to six feet long. Leaflets variable, usually about six inches by two and a quarter, rather smooth and thin. Bark - of the trunk, smooth and brown; the new shoots marked with whitish dots. Flowers - in long bunches at the ends of the branches; greenish, and of very disagreeable odor. June, July. Seeds - flat, at the centre of greenish and sometimes pink-tinged wings, in large, loose clusters. October. Found - common in cultivation, and to some extent naturalized. General Information - A large, showy tree (sixty to seventy feet high) of remarkable vigorous and rapid growth. It is a native of China. A Jesuit missionary sent its seeds in 1751 to England. In 1784 it was brought from Europe to the United States, and started near Philadelphia. Also about 1804 it was brought to Rhode Island from South America. But the source of most of the trees now found abundantly in the region of New York is Flushing, Long Island, where it was introduced in 1820. It has been a great favorite, and would deserve to be so still were it not for the peculiar and disagreeable odor of its flowers. Ailanthus, from a Greek word meaning "tree of heaven." Ailanthus - This spelling of the name should rule because so given by its author, although, etymologically, Ailantus would be correct, the native Amboyna name being "Aylanto."

Genus Ailanthus, Desf.

Leaves - compound (odd-feathered, but with the odd leaflet often dwarfed or broken off; leaflets, twenty-one…

The coat of arms of China.

Chinese Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of China.

China Stamp (5 candarins) from 1875

China 5 Candarins Stamp, 1875

China Stamp (5 candarins) from 1875

Chinese Flag

China Flag

Chinese Flag

A decorative banner of a Chinese dragon.

Chinese Banner

A decorative banner of a Chinese dragon.

in early development of race, the Mongolian type consistent of Kalmucks, Chinese, and Amerindians.

Early Races, Mongolian

in early development of race, the Mongolian type consistent of Kalmucks, Chinese, and Amerindians.

Chinese image of Kuan-yin. Kuan-yin or Guanyin is know as he Chinese Bodhisattva of Compassion.

Kuan-yin

Chinese image of Kuan-yin. Kuan-yin or Guanyin is know as he Chinese Bodhisattva of Compassion.