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"Showing how the upper eyelid may be everted with a pencil or penholder." — Blaisedell, 1904

Everted eyelid

"Showing how the upper eyelid may be everted with a pencil or penholder." — Blaisedell, 1904

<em>A</em> and <em>C</em>, lachrymal canals; <em>B</em>, lachrymal sac; <em>D</em>, small muscle which serves to compress the lachrymal sac; <em>F</em>, glands upon the inner surface of the eyelids, with ducts opening upon the free margins of the eyelids; <em>H</em>, great openings, or antrum, of the upper jawbone. The oil glands of the nose are plainly shown." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Eyelids and lachrymal apparatus

A and C, lachrymal canals; B, lachrymal sac; D, small muscle which…

"The eye is moved about by six muscles. The back ends of these muscles are attached to the eye sockets. The front ends are attached to the ball of the eye." — Ritchie, 1918

Muscles of the Eyes

"The eye is moved about by six muscles. The back ends of these muscles are attached to the eye sockets.…

"The <em>femur</em>, or thigh bone, the largest and heaviest bone in the body, reaches from the hip to the knee. It has a rounded head, which fits into the cuplike cavity in the hip bone which has already been mentioned." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Femur

"The femur, or thigh bone, the largest and heaviest bone in the body, reaches from the hip…

"The Right Femur sawed in Two Lengthwise." — Blaisedell, 1904

Cross Section of a Femur

"The Right Femur sawed in Two Lengthwise." — Blaisedell, 1904

"The connective tissue with white fibers sometimes forms a very thin sheet, as in the delicate covering of a bone known as the periosteum, or it may be made up into ropelike bands, as in the ligaments of joints and the tendons of muscles." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

White fibrous tissue

"The connective tissue with white fibers sometimes forms a very thin sheet, as in the delicate covering…

An illustration of a fish fin.

Fish Fin

An illustration of a fish fin.

"<em>A</em>, last bone of finger; <em>B</em>, true skin on the dorsal surface of finger; <em>C</em>, outer skin; <em>D</em>, true skin; <em>E</em>, bed of nail; <em>F</em>, true skin of pulp of finger." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Longitudinal seciont of a fingernail

"A, last bone of finger; B, true skin on the dorsal surface of finger; C,…

Outline of a fish, showing the "paired" and "median" fins. (p) one of the pectoral fins; (v) one of the ventral fins; (d) first dorsal fin; (d') second dorsal fin; (a) anal fin; (c) caudal fin.

Fish

Outline of a fish, showing the "paired" and "median" fins. (p) one of the pectoral fins; (v) one of…

This is the skeleton of an angler fish (Lophius piscatorius).

Angler Fish

This is the skeleton of an angler fish (Lophius piscatorius).

Flounder keep near the bottom, swimming on one side, and the two eyes are both on the side that is uppermost.

Flounder

Flounder keep near the bottom, swimming on one side, and the two eyes are both on the side that is uppermost.

Compound flower anatomy. 6, flower.

Flower Example

Compound flower anatomy. 6, flower.

"<em>A</em>, membrane of hair follicle, showing cells with nuclei and pigmentary granules; <em>B</em>, external lining of root sheath; <em>C</em>, internal lining of root sheath; <em>D</em>, cortical or fibrous portion of hairshaft; <em>E</em>, medullary portion (pith) of shaft; <em>F</em>, hair bulb, showing its development from cells." — Blaisedell, 1904

Hair Follicle

"A, membrane of hair follicle, showing cells with nuclei and pigmentary granules; B,…

"The bones are fastened together, kept in place, and their movements limited, by tough and strong bands, or straps, called <em>ligaments</em>, from a word meaning to bind." — Blaisedell, 1904

Ligaments of the Foot and Ankle

"The bones are fastened together, kept in place, and their movements limited, by tough and strong bands,…

"The foot is built in the form of a half-dome or half-arch. This is to afford a broad, strong support surface for the support of the weight of the body. The bones of the toes and the heel form the piers, while the little bones wedged in between the metatarsal bones and the heel make up the keystone of the arch. This arch gives a certain amount of spring and elasticity to the feet, and hence it is of the upmost importance in preventing jars and jolts." — Blaisedell, 1904

Bones of the Foot

"The foot is built in the form of a half-dome or half-arch. This is to afford a broad, strong support…

An extreme form of a compressed foot, typically seen in the deer and ox. It is useful for land transit.

Compressed Foot

An extreme form of a compressed foot, typically seen in the deer and ox. It is useful for land transit.

An extreme form of the expanded foot, which is adapted for swimming.

Expanded Foot

An extreme form of the expanded foot, which is adapted for swimming.

Foot of Peregrine Falcon.

Falcon Foot

Foot of Peregrine Falcon.

The foot of a frog, which is useful in and out of water.

Frog Foot

The foot of a frog, which is useful in and out of water.

The foot of an otter, which is serviceable in and out of the water.

Otter Foot

The foot of an otter, which is serviceable in and out of the water.

Foot of Tawny Owl.

Owl Foot

Foot of Tawny Owl.

"Tendons on the Top of the Right Foot." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Tendons of the foot

"Tendons on the Top of the Right Foot." — Blaisedell, 1904

The pelvis and caudal vertebrae of an adult fowl.

Fowl Pelvis

The pelvis and caudal vertebrae of an adult fowl.

The sacrum of a young fowl; natural size seen from below.

Fowl Sacrum

The sacrum of a young fowl; natural size seen from below.

The upper view of the skull of an old fowl.

Fowl Skull

The upper view of the skull of an old fowl.

The skull of an adult fowl.

Fowl Skull

The skull of an adult fowl.

The skull of an adult fowl. Here the temporal fossa is bridged over by the junction of the post-frontal and squamosal processes.

Fowl Skull

The skull of an adult fowl. Here the temporal fossa is bridged over by the junction of the post-frontal…

A side view of a frog's internal structure.

Frog

A side view of a frog's internal structure.

A ventral view of a frog's internal structure.

Frog

A ventral view of a frog's internal structure.

A ventral view of a frog's internal nervous system.

Frog

A ventral view of a frog's internal nervous system.

This illustration shows the leg of a frog. P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis.

Leg of Frog

This illustration shows the leg of a frog. P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus,…

The gar fish has a cylindrical body covered by rhomboidal bony scales that are coated with enamel, making a strong and complete armor.

Gar

The gar fish has a cylindrical body covered by rhomboidal bony scales that are coated with enamel, making…

Structure of a clam's gill. Arrows indicate water currents through the gills.

Clam Gills

Structure of a clam's gill. Arrows indicate water currents through the gills.

"Diagram to show the working parts of a gland. v and a are blood tubes with thin-walled branches around the parts of the gland c. These take material from the blood and, after changing it, send it to the mouth, stomach, or other places before the duct i." &mdash;Davison, 1910

Gland

"Diagram to show the working parts of a gland. v and a are blood tubes with thin-walled branches around…

"The convoluted gland is seen surrounded by fat cells and may be traced through the true skin to its outlet in the horny layers of the outer skin." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Sweat gland

"The convoluted gland is seen surrounded by fat cells and may be traced through the true skin to its…

The wing muscles of a goose.

Goose Wing

The wing muscles of a goose.

"Under Side of Head of Geomys bursarius, showing entrance of external cheek-pouches and sulcate superior incisors." -Whitney, 1911

Plains Pocket Gopher

"Under Side of Head of Geomys bursarius, showing entrance of external cheek-pouches and sulcate superior…

External features of a grasshopper abdomen.

Grasshopper

External features of a grasshopper abdomen.

External features of a grasshopper metathorax.

Grasshopper

External features of a grasshopper metathorax.

External features of a grasshopper head.

Grasshopper

External features of a grasshopper head.

External features of a grasshopper , dorsal view.

Grasshopper

External features of a grasshopper , dorsal view.

Cross section of a grasshopper , a=digestive tube

Grasshopper

Cross section of a grasshopper , a=digestive tube

Air tubes and air sacs of grasshopper, lateral view

Grasshopper

Air tubes and air sacs of grasshopper, lateral view

Air tubes and air sacs of grasshopper, ventral view

Grasshopper

Air tubes and air sacs of grasshopper, ventral view

Internal anatomy of a grasshopper

Grasshopper

Internal anatomy of a grasshopper

"A Piece of Hair from the Scalp infested with a Mold which produces Ringworm. Ringworm may occur anywhere on the body, but is perhaps most common on the scalp and face." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Hair with ringworm

"A Piece of Hair from the Scalp infested with a Mold which produces Ringworm. Ringworm may occur anywhere…

1. Nerves of the skin 2. Tendons 3. Arteries of the palm of the hand 4. Elbow nerve 5. Elbow artery 6. Nerve of the forearm 7. Nerve of the under-arm 8. Artery of the underarm.

Hand

1. Nerves of the skin 2. Tendons 3. Arteries of the palm of the hand 4. Elbow nerve 5. Elbow artery…

"Tendons on the Back of the Left Hand" &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Tendons of the hand

"Tendons on the Back of the Left Hand" — Blaisedell, 1904

Section through the Head and Neck on the Median Line. 1. Medulla Oblongata 2. Pons 3. Right lobe of cerebrum 4. Cerebellum in section 5. Blood vessel 6. Corpus Striatum 7. Nasal Passage 8. Nasal bone 9. Soft Palate 10. Hard Palate 11. Tongue 12. Epiglottis 13. Os Hyoides 14. Oesaphagus 15. Spinal 16. Larynx 17. Windpipe

Sectional view of the Head

Section through the Head and Neck on the Median Line. 1. Medulla Oblongata 2. Pons 3. Right lobe of…

"<em>A</em>, pinna; <em>B</em>, cavity of the concha, showing the openings of a great number of sebaceous glands; <em>C</em>, external auditory meatus; <em>D</em>, typanic membrane; <em>F</em>, incus; <em>H</em>, malleus; <em>K</em>, handle of malleus applied to the internal surface of the membrana typani; <em>L</em>, tensor typani muscle; between <em>M</em> and <em>K</em> is the tymphanic cavity; <em>N</em> Eustachian tube; <em>O,P,</em> semicircular canals; <em>R</em>, internal auditory canal; <em>S</em>, large nerve given off from the facial nerve; <em>T</em>, facial and auditory nerves." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

General view of organ of hearing

"A, pinna; B, cavity of the concha, showing the openings of a great number of sebaceous…

"Diagram of the rush of blood when the heart beats. The valves v open above are closed below while the valves s closed above are open below." &mdash;Davison, 1910

Beating heart

"Diagram of the rush of blood when the heart beats. The valves v open above are closed below while the…

"The bones are fastened together, kept in place, and their movements limited, by tough and strong bands, or straps called <em>ligaments</em>, from a word meaning to bind." — Blaisedell, 1904

Powerful Ligament at the Hip Joint

"The bones are fastened together, kept in place, and their movements limited, by tough and strong bands,…

An illustration of a cows horns.

Cow Horns

An illustration of a cows horns.

The anatomy of a horse. 1, ears; 2, forelock; 3, forehead; 4, eyes; 5, eye-pits; 6, nose; 7, nostril; 8, point of nose; 9, lips; 10, nether jaw; 11, cheek; 12, poll; 13, mane; 14, withers; 15, parotid glands; 16, throat; 17, neck; 18, jugular vein; 19, shoulder; 20, breast; 21, ribs; 22, back; 23, loins; 24, hip; 25, flank; 26, belly; 27, haunch; 28, thigh; 29, buttock; 30, stifle; 31, leg; 32, tail; 33, hock or hough; 34, cannon or shank bone; 35, arms; 36, knees; 37, passage for girth; 38, elbow; 39, shank; 40, bullet; 41, pasterns; 42, coronet; 43, foot; 44, hoof; 45, fetlock.

Horse

The anatomy of a horse. 1, ears; 2, forelock; 3, forehead; 4, eyes; 5, eye-pits; 6, nose; 7, nostril;…

This illustration shows the leg of a horse.

Leg of Horse

This illustration shows the leg of a horse.

"Skeleton of the horse." &mdash; Davison, 1906

Skeleton of a Horse

"Skeleton of the horse." — Davison, 1906

"Horse in the act of trotting. In this, as in all the other paces, the body of the horse is levered forward by a diagonal twisting of the trunk and extremities, the extremities describing a figure-of-8 track (s u, r t).&mdash;Pettigrew, 1857

Trotting Horse

"Horse in the act of trotting. In this, as in all the other paces, the body of the horse is levered…

"The proportions of the human figure. As handed down to us by Vitruvius and described by Joseph Bonomi." &mdash;D'Anvers, 1895

Proportions of human figure

"The proportions of the human figure. As handed down to us by Vitruvius and described by Joseph Bonomi."…

"Cross-section of One Half of a Human Hair. A hair is made up of horny cells of the outer layer of the skin altered in shape and structure." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Cross-section of a human hair

"Cross-section of One Half of a Human Hair. A hair is made up of horny cells of the outer layer of the…

This illustration shows a human leg (front view), and comparative diagrams showing modifications of the leg: 1. Human, 2. Ox, 3. Horse, 4. Bird, 5. Frog, 6. Crocodile, 7. Seal, 8. Dog, 9. Bear P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis.

Human Leg (Front View), and Comparative Diagrams showing Modifications of the Leg

This illustration shows a human leg (front view), and comparative diagrams showing modifications of…