"Nike, or Victory." —Bulfinch, 1897

Nike

"Nike, or Victory." —Bulfinch, 1897

Nike and Bull.

Nike and Bull

Nike and Bull.

"The first public monuments that arose after the Persian wars were erected under the auspices of Cimon, who was, like Pericles, a lover and patron of the arts. The principal of these were the small Ionic temple of Nike Apteros (Wingless Victory), and the Theseum, or Temple of Theseus. The temple of Nike Apteros was only 27 feet in length by 18 in breadth, and was erected on the Acropolis in commemoration of Cimon's victory at the Eurymedon." — Smith, 1882

Temple of Nike Apteros

"The first public monuments that arose after the Persian wars were erected under the auspices of Cimon,…

The Greek oblong panel has a strict palmette decoration. It is found in the painted coffers (sunken panels) of the ceilings of Propylaea, Athens.

Greek Oblong Panel

The Greek oblong panel has a strict palmette decoration. It is found in the painted coffers (sunken…

The Greek oblong panel has a strict palmette decoration. It is found in the painted coffers (sunken panels) of the ceilings of Propylaea, Athens.

Greek Oblong Panel

The Greek oblong panel has a strict palmette decoration. It is found in the painted coffers (sunken…

"Odessa is the chief city of southern Russia, and men from all the countries about come here to trade." —Carpenter, 1902

People of Odessa

"Odessa is the chief city of southern Russia, and men from all the countries about come here to trade."…

"Wine-jug, <em>Oinochoe</em>" &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Oinochoe

"Wine-jug, Oinochoe" — The Delphian Society, 1913

This Greek Oinochoe has an Asiatic style that is painted in yellow clay. It was used as a sacrificial vessel from which offerings of wine were poured out.

Greek Oinochoe

This Greek Oinochoe has an Asiatic style that is painted in yellow clay. It was used as a sacrificial…

"Ionic order. From the Temple of Athene (Minerva) at Priene." &mdash;D'Anvers, 1895

Ionic order

"Ionic order. From the Temple of Athene (Minerva) at Priene." —D'Anvers, 1895

"Represents an ox adorned for sacrifice." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Ox sacrifice

"Represents an ox adorned for sacrifice." — Anthon, 1891

"The <em>palla</em>, as well as the <em>pallium</em> and <em>palliolum</em>, was always a rectangular piece of cloth, exactly, or, at least, nearly square. It was, indeed, used in the very form in which it was taken from the loom, being made entirely by the weaver. Among the Greeks and Romans the most common material for the <em>palla</em> was wool. It was often folded about the body simply with a view to defend it from cold, and without any regard to gracefulness of appearance, as in the following cut, taken from an ancient intaglio." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Palla

"The palla, as well as the pallium and palliolum, was always a rectangular…

The Palladium, an ancient statue.

The Palladium

The Palladium, an ancient statue.

Pan in Greek religion and mythology, is the companion of the nymphs, god of shepherds and flocks, of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music. His name originates within the Greek language, from the word paein, meaning "to pasture". He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr. With his homeland in rustic Arcadia, he is recognized as the god of fields, groves, and wooded glens; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring.

Pan

Pan in Greek religion and mythology, is the companion of the nymphs, god of shepherds and flocks, of…

"Epimetheus had in his house a jar in which were kept certain noxious articles, for which, in fitting man for his new abode, he had had no occaision. Pandora was seized with an eager curiosity to know what this jar contained; and one day she slipped off the cover and looked in." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Pandora

"Epimetheus had in his house a jar in which were kept certain noxious articles, for which, in fitting…

"The Parthenon stood on this highest part of the Acropolis, near its centre, and probably occupied the site of an earlier temple destroyed by the Persians. It was entirely of Pentelic marble, on a rustic basement of ordinary limestone, and its architecture, which was of the Doric order, was of purest kind." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Parthenon restored

"The Parthenon stood on this highest part of the Acropolis, near its centre, and probably occupied the…

"The Athenians, on their return to Attica, after the defeat of the Persians, found their city ruined and their country desolate." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Modern Parthenon

"The Athenians, on their return to Attica, after the defeat of the Persians, found their city ruined…

"Pegasus and the Nymphs." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Pegasus and the Nymphs

"Pegasus and the Nymphs." —Bulfinch, 1897

"A wine jar, <em>Pelike</em>." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Pelike

"A wine jar, Pelike." — The Delphian Society, 1913

"The <em>peplus</em> was a shawl which commonly formed part of the dress of females. It was often fastened by meeans ofa brooch, but was frequently worn without one, in the manner represented in the annexed cut, which is copied from one of Sir W. Hamilton's vases. Each of the females in this group wears an under garmet falling down to her feet, and over it an ample <em>peplus</em>, or shawl, which she passes entirely round her body, and then throws the loose extremity of it over her left shoulder, and behind her back as distinctly seen in the sitting figure." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Peplus

"The peplus was a shawl which commonly formed part of the dress of females. It was often fastened…

"So long as Pericles stood at the head of Athens in time of peace, he governed it with moderation and maintained it in safety, and under him it rose to its highest power. And when the war broke out he proved that he had well calculated the resources of the State." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Pericles

"So long as Pericles stood at the head of Athens in time of peace, he governed it with moderation and…

"The enormous influence which Pericles exercised for so long a period over an ingenious but fickle people like the Athenians is an unquestionalbe proof of his intellectual superiority. This hold on the public affection is to be attributed to a great extent to his extraordinary eloquence. As the accomplished man of genius and the liberal patron of literature and art, Pericles is worthy of the highest admiration." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Bust of Pericles

"The enormous influence which Pericles exercised for so long a period over an ingenious but fickle people…

"This was a low boot of untanned hide, worn by ploughman and shepards." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Pero

"This was a low boot of untanned hide, worn by ploughman and shepards." — Anthon, 1891

"Then Phaethon beheld the world on fire, and felt the heat intolerable. The air he breathed was like the air of a furnace, and full of burning ashes, and the smoke was of a pitchy darkness." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Phaethon

"Then Phaethon beheld the world on fire, and felt the heat intolerable. The air he breathed was like…

"Phidias was the chief glory of the administration of Pericles. To him was committed the work of making the Parthenon sublime. From his studio went forth trophy after trophy to adorn the crowning glory of the Acropolis."

Phidias in His Study

"Phidias was the chief glory of the administration of Pericles. To him was committed the work of making…

"A more graceful mode of wearing the <em>palla</em> was to attach it by means of a brooch, and allow it to hang down from the shoulders, as in the following cut, representing the statue of Phocion in the Vatican." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Statue of Phocion

"A more graceful mode of wearing the palla was to attach it by means of a brooch, and allow…

"Phrinxus and Helle." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Phrixus and Helle

"Phrinxus and Helle." —Bulfinch, 1897

"When Phryxsus arrived in Colchis, he sacrificed his winger ram to Jupiter, in acknowledgement of the divine protection, and deposited its golden fleece in the same diety's temple."

Phryxsus and ram

"When Phryxsus arrived in Colchis, he sacrificed his winger ram to Jupiter, in acknowledgement of the…

"Pindar, though the contemporary of Simonides, was considerably his junior. He was born either at, or in the neighborhood of Thebes in Baeotia, about the year 522 B.C. Later writers tell us that his future glory as a poet was miraculously foreshadowed by a swarm of bees which rested upon his lips when he was asleep, and that this miracle first led him to compose poetry. He commenced his profesional career at an early age, and soon acquired so great a reputation, that he was employed by various states and princes of the Hellenic race to compose choral songs." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Bust of Pindar

"Pindar, though the contemporary of Simonides, was considerably his junior. He was born either at, or…

"Plato was born in Athens in 429 B.C., the year in which Pericles died. His first literary attempts were in poetry; but his attention was soon turned to philosophy, by the teaching of Socrates, whose lectures he began to frequent at about the age of twenty." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Bust of Plato

"Plato was born in Athens in 429 B.C., the year in which Pericles died. His first literary attempts…

Plato was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of natural philosophy, science, and Western philosophy. Plato was originally a student of Socrates, and was as much influenced by his thinking as by what he saw as his teacher's unjust death.

Bust of Plato

Plato was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder…

"Plutarch, as the great interpreter of Greece and Rome, exerted on generations succeeding him in influence perhaps greater than any other classical writer." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Plutarch

"Plutarch, as the great interpreter of Greece and Rome, exerted on generations succeeding him in influence…

"Heathen Deities: Pluto"-Willson, 1859.

Pluto

"Heathen Deities: Pluto"-Willson, 1859.

"Mercury was sent, accompanied by Spring, to demand Persephone of Pluto. The wily monarch consented, but, alas! the maiden had taken a pomegranate which Pluto offered her, and had sucked the sweet pulp from a few of the seeds. This was enough to prevent her complete release, by which she was to pass half the time with her mother, and the rest with her husband Pluto." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Pluto, Persephone, and Mercury

"Mercury was sent, accompanied by Spring, to demand Persephone of Pluto. The wily monarch consented,…

"Shows the bema, or platform, from which orators addressed the assembled citizens."&mdash;Webster, 1913

Pnyx

"Shows the bema, or platform, from which orators addressed the assembled citizens."—Webster, 1913

"Theocritus asserts that there is no rememdy for Love but the Muses. He then gives an account of the love of the Cyclops Polyphemus for the sea-nymph Galatea." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Polyphemus

"Theocritus asserts that there is no rememdy for Love but the Muses. He then gives an account of the…

"Caryatid Porch of the Erechtheium." &mdash;D'Anvers, 1895

Caryatid porch

"Caryatid Porch of the Erechtheium." —D'Anvers, 1895

"From the Frieze of the Parthenon." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Panathenaic procession

"From the Frieze of the Parthenon." — Smith, 1882

This Greek Prochous has a geometrical style made out of red clay and painted in black. It was used as a sacrificial vessel from which offerings of wine were poured out.

Greek Prochous

This Greek Prochous has a geometrical style made out of red clay and painted in black. It was used as…

This Greek Prochous is in an archaic form and ornamentation, painted in clay. It was used as a sacrificial vessel from which offerings of wine were poured out.

Greek Prochous

This Greek Prochous is in an archaic form and ornamentation, painted in clay. It was used as a sacrificial…

"A. Pinacotheca, B. Temple of Nike Apteros, C. Pedestal of Agrippa, D. Road leading to the central entrace, E. Central enterance, F. Hail corresponding to the Pinacotheca." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Propylea restored

"A. Pinacotheca, B. Temple of Nike Apteros, C. Pedestal of Agrippa, D. Road leading to the central entrace,…

He was a mathematician, geographer, astronomer, and astrologer. "The name of a line Graeco-Egyptain kings, who succeeded on the division of the empire of Alexander the Great, to the portion of his dominions of which Egypt was the head." -Marshall

Ptolemy in Profile

He was a mathematician, geographer, astronomer, and astrologer. "The name of a line Graeco-Egyptain…

"The story of Pygmalion and his statue is in all probability an allegory. Pygmalion was a virtuous and honorable man, who became disgusted with the vice of the women of Cyprus, and would have nothing to do with them; having brought up a ward with much care and virtue, he fell in love with her and married her." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Pygmalion

"The story of Pygmalion and his statue is in all probability an allegory. Pygmalion was a virtuous and…

Quills, a crown, olive branches, and books

Quill doodad

Quills, a crown, olive branches, and books

Fragment of a Greek relief.

Fragment of a Greek Relief

Fragment of a Greek relief.

Statue of the Greek god Helios. It is currently considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was one of the tallest statues during its time, standing at over 30 meters (107 feet).

Colossus at Rhodes

Statue of the Greek god Helios. It is currently considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient…

"Rosetta Stone is the name given to a stone found near the Rosetta mouth of the Nile by a French engineer in 1798. It is a tablet of basalt, with an inscription of the year 136 B. C., during the reign of Ptolemy Epiphanes. The inscription is in hieroglyphic, in demotic, and in Greek. It was deciphered by Dr. Young, and formed the key to the reading of the hieroglyphic characters. It was captured by the English on the defeat of the French forces in Egypt, and is now kept in the British Museum."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Rosetta Stone

"Rosetta Stone is the name given to a stone found near the Rosetta mouth of the Nile by a French engineer…

"In the Nile valley there had been found a few ancient inscriptions, carved upon stone in unknown characters, but no one could read them. The, about 1800 A.D., some soldiers of Napoleon in Egypt, while laying foundations for a fort, found a slab of black rock bearing three inscriptions. One of the inscriptions was in Greek, one was in the ancient hieroglyphics of the pyramids, and the third was in a later Egyptian writing, which had likewise been been forgotten." - West, 1904

Portion of Rosetta Stone

"In the Nile valley there had been found a few ancient inscriptions, carved upon stone in unknown characters,…

The Greek hydria rosette band is a design of the neck of a Greek hydria flower.

Greek Hydria Rosette Band

The Greek hydria rosette band is a design of the neck of a Greek hydria flower.

Rower in an Athenian warship, about 400 B.C. (fragment of relief found on the Acropolis).

Greek Rowers

Rower in an Athenian warship, about 400 B.C. (fragment of relief found on the Acropolis).

Ancient Greek runners in the Olympic games.

Greek Runners

Ancient Greek runners in the Olympic games.

"A Sacrifice. (From a vase-painting by Polygnotus.)"

Sacrifice

"A Sacrifice. (From a vase-painting by Polygnotus.)"

A bay that connects with the Saronic Gulf to the west.

The Bay of Salamis

A bay that connects with the Saronic Gulf to the west.

A Greek statue.

Victory of Samothreace

A Greek statue.

A group of women, with a lyre and wreath.

Sappho

A group of women, with a lyre and wreath.

An ancient Greek sceptre from Tarentum.

Ancient Greek sceptre

An ancient Greek sceptre from Tarentum.

Gold and crystal sceptres from Mycan&aelig;.

Mycanæ:n sceptres

Gold and crystal sceptres from Mycanæ.

"Greek school - from a vase painting." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Greek school

"Greek school - from a vase painting." — The Delphian Society, 1913

Two Scythians are kneeling and resting. This is one of the few existing representations of the ancient Scythians. Found on a Greek Electrum Vase.

Scythians on a Greek Vase

Two Scythians are kneeling and resting. This is one of the few existing representations of the ancient…

Two Scythians tying a rope. This is one of the few existing representations of the ancient Scythians. Found on a Greek Electrum Vase.

Scythians on a Greek Vase

Two Scythians tying a rope. This is one of the few existing representations of the ancient Scythians.…

One of the first Greek amphitheaters, located in the political center of the Elymian people.

Theater of Segesta

One of the first Greek amphitheaters, located in the political center of the Elymian people.