ClipArt ETC
"The uppermost figure in the illustration shows the Argonaut in the act of swimming. The extremity of the siphon is seen projecting immediately below the eye, and the reader will at once understand that if the action forcibly ejects water from the tube, the effect will be to drive the animal rapidly in the contrary direction; that is, from right to left, as seen in the engraving. The third figure represents an empty shell, and is given for the purpose of showing the partially spiral and deeply grooved keel, as well as the extreme tenuity of the shell itself."

Argonaut, or Paper Nautlius

"The uppermost figure in the illustration shows the Argonaut in the act of swimming. The extremity of…

"The body of the Asterias is supported by a calcareous envelop composed of juxta-imposed pieces at once various and numerous."

Aserias Aurantiaca (Lamarck)

"The body of the Asterias is supported by a calcareous envelop composed of juxta-imposed pieces at once…

"The Blue Minyad is a type of a family in which the base of the body, in place of extending itself in a disk-like form, in order to grapple with the rocks and other projections at the bottom of the sea, turns itself inward, forming a sort of purse, which seems to imprison the air. From this results a sort of hydrostatic apparatus, aided by which the animals can float in the water and transport themselves from one place to another."

Blue Minyad (Minyas Cyanea)

"The Blue Minyad is a type of a family in which the base of the body, in place of extending itself in…

"This genus has the summit hollowed out into a starlike cup. It inhabits the Mediterranean, and is common on some parts of the English and Irish coasts."

Caryophyllia Cyathus (Lamarck)

"This genus has the summit hollowed out into a starlike cup. It inhabits the Mediterranean, and is common…

"The polyp itself is formed of a whitish, membranous tube, nearly cylindrical, having an upper disk, surrounded by its eight tentacula, bearing many delicate pinnae spreading out laterally. These tentacula resemble the corolla of some flower."

Coral Polyp (Lacaze-Duthiers)

"The polyp itself is formed of a whitish, membranous tube, nearly cylindrical, having an upper disk,…

"The arms of the polyps are at times subject to violent agitation, and the tentacula become much excited. If this excitement continues, the tentacula can be seen to fold and roll themselves up. The little opening around which these tentacula are attached forms the mouth of the polyp."

Coral Polyp (Lacaze-Duthiers)

"The arms of the polyps are at times subject to violent agitation, and the tentacula become much excited.…

"The whole internal cavity in these animals is occupied by little, white tubes. The mouth opens at the extremity of the body; it forms a sort of funnel, surrounded like a crown with an elegant circle of tentacula."

Cristatella Mucedo (Cuvier)

"The whole internal cavity in these animals is occupied by little, white tubes. The mouth opens at the…

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the reefs which from the coral and madreporic islands so conspicuous in the three oceans. The treelike genus have cells of considerable depth, radiating into numerous lamellae, forming a widely branching, arborescent coral, externally striated, internally furrowed, and truncate at the extremities."

Dendrophyllia Ramea (De Blainville)

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the…

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the reefs which from the coral and madreporic islands so conspicuous in the three oceans. The treelike genus have cells of considerable depth, radiating into numerous lamellae, forming a widely branching, arborescent coral, externally striated, internally furrowed, and truncate at the extremities."

Dendrophyllia Ramea with Polypi (De Blainville)

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the…

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the reefs which from the coral and madreporic islands so conspicuous in the three oceans. The treelike genus have cells of considerable depth, radiating into numerous lamellae, forming a widely branching, arborescent coral, externally striated, internally furrowed, and truncate at the extremities."

Dendrophyllia Ramea, Magnified (De Blainville)

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the…

"A species after death, when the weapons of death have been rubbed off; that is to say, the bristles. It has been calculated that more than ten thousand pieces, each admirably arranged and united, enter into the composition of the shell of this creature."

Buccal Armature of Echinus Lividus

"A species after death, when the weapons of death have been rubbed off; that is to say, the bristles.…

The organs of mastication of the Sea Urchin. Mastication, or chewing, is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth.

Masticating Apparatus of Echinus Lividus

The organs of mastication of the Sea Urchin. Mastication, or chewing, is the process by which food is…

"In the subfamily of the Zoanthidae, the polyps occur in clusters, and are multiplied by buds, rising from a common, creeping, root-like, fleshy base. This species possesses the power of considerably altering its shape; sometimes the mouth is depressed, and at others it is elevated into an obtuse cone."

Flabellum Pavonium (Lesson)

"In the subfamily of the Zoanthidae, the polyps occur in clusters, and are multiplied by buds, rising…

"A species of <em>Isis</em> has numerous slender branches, furnished with cylindrical knows at intervals, contracted toward the middle, finely striated; it has a singular resemblance to the Common Mare's Tail."

Isis Hippuris

"A species of Isis has numerous slender branches, furnished with cylindrical knows at intervals,…

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a great quantity of pointed spiculae, which are constituted of bundles at the base of the calyx of each polyp. The polyps appear upon the waving and deeply indented lobes."

Loose Winged Virgularia (Virgularia Mirabilis)

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a…

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a great quantity of pointed spiculae, which are constituted of bundles at the base of the calyx of each polyp. The polyps appear upon the waving and deeply indented lobes."

Branch of Loose Winged Virgularia

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a…

"The Plantain Madrepore is an interesting species, the polyps presenting themselves in tufts, with slender and prolific branches."

Madrepora Plantaginea (Lamarck)

"The Plantain Madrepore is an interesting species, the polyps presenting themselves in tufts, with slender…

"They usually inhabit the deep seas. They are rarely solitary, but seem to wander about in considerable battalions in the latitudes to which they belong."

Fleet of Medusa

"They usually inhabit the deep seas. They are rarely solitary, but seem to wander about in considerable…

Oculina ranges from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, though the main population of concern is off east-central Florida where it forms unique thicket-type structures in 70-100 meters (230 to 330 ft) depth known as the "Oculina Banks". Colonies are arborescent, with highly clumped, irregular bushy branches.

Oculina Virginea (Lamarck)

Oculina ranges from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, though the…

"This figure shows a specimen of a family in which the arms are something like the tails of serpents. This species lives in she seas of the Antilles; the five arms are each provided with three to four rows of spines."

Ophiocoma Riisea (Lutken)

"This figure shows a specimen of a family in which the arms are something like the tails of serpents.…

"The <em>Crinoidea</em>, which belong to the family of starfishes, are mostly attached to marine rocks by a sort of root, having a long, flexible stem, which enables them to execute movements in the circle limited only by the length of this stem."

Pentacrinus Caput Medusae (Muller)

"The Crinoidea, which belong to the family of starfishes, are mostly attached to marine rocks…

"The <em>Crinoidea</em>, which belong to the family of starfishes, are mostly attached to marine rocks by a sort of root. Another division of this family, although at first fixed to some rooted stem, in their adult state they throw off the bonds and move freely, swimming through the water water or clinging to mussel or oyster banks."

Pentacrinus Europaeus (Thompson)

"The Crinoidea, which belong to the family of starfishes, are mostly attached to marine rocks…

This specimen is yellowish; its disk about four inches, its arms sixteen to eighteen. It is a very curious inhabitant of the Indian Ocean.

Periphylia Mirabilis

This specimen is yellowish; its disk about four inches, its arms sixteen to eighteen. It is a very curious…

A magnified view of the extension of a Sea Cucumber.

Plumatella Cristallina

A magnified view of the extension of a Sea Cucumber.

"The polyp of the <em>Porites</em> is an animal somewhat pitcher-shaped, with twelve short tentacula, having unequal polygonal cells, imperfectly defined, slightly radiating by thread-like, pointed rays. Externally it presents the figure of an irregular trelliswork, more or less loosely connected in its meshes."

Porites Furcata (Lamarck)

"The polyp of the Porites is an animal somewhat pitcher-shaped, with twelve short tentacula,…

"These fragile creatures are able to make long voyages on the surface of the sea. Their nature is such that they are required to keep constantly moving in order to sustain themselves in the fluid which they inhabit. There is a double movement of their light skeletons, which may be compared to the action of respiration in the human hest."

Rhyzostoma Cuvierii

"These fragile creatures are able to make long voyages on the surface of the sea. Their nature is such…

Scotoplanes live on or just underneath the surface of the bottom of the ocean, on the abyssal plain. They look and act a bit slug-like. They feed on the mud of the sea floor, benefiting from the organic materials that settle to the ocean bottom.

Scotoplana Globosa

Scotoplanes live on or just underneath the surface of the bottom of the ocean, on the abyssal plain.…

"The <em>Fan Gorgon</>, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The resemblance of its network to fine lace gives rise to its name of <em>Sea-Fan</em>."

Magnified Portion of Fan Gorgon

"The Fan Gorgon, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The…

"The <em>Fan Gorgon</>, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The resemblance of its network to fine lace gives rise to its name of <em>Sea-Fan</em>."

Gorgonia Flabellum

"The Fan Gorgon, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The…

"The <em>Fan Gorgon</>, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The resemblance of its network to fine lace gives rise to its name of <em>Sea-Fan</em>. The Whorled Gorgon, which is found in the Mediterranean, is of elegant form."

Gorgonia Verticellata

"The Fan Gorgon, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The…

"The <em>Fan Gorgon</>, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The resemblance of its network to fine lace gives rise to its name of <em>Sea-Fan</em>. The Whorled Gorgon, which is found in the Mediterranean, is of elegant form."

Magnified Portion of Gorgonia Verticellata

"The Fan Gorgon, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The…

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a great quantity of pointed spiculae, which are constituted of bundles at the base of the calyx of each polyp. This figure shows one which inhabits the Mediterranean Sea."

Pennatula Spinosa

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a…

"A species after death, when the weapons of death have been rubbed off; that is to say, the bristles. It has been calculated that more than ten thousand pieces, each admirably arranged and united, enter into the composition of the shell of this creature."

Sea Urchin without Spines, Arcocladia Mamillata

"A species after death, when the weapons of death have been rubbed off; that is to say, the bristles.…

Ascidia Podunculata (Milne-Edwards) "The Tunicata would not probably by taken for animals at first sight. They have neither arms, nor head, nor feet; but then they have a mouth, placed at the entrance of a digestive tube. It is a single ganglion, connected with divers small threads."

Social Tunicates

Ascidia Podunculata (Milne-Edwards) "The Tunicata would not probably by taken for animals at first sight.…

"The <em>Tubipora</em> is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged tubes, connected together at regular distances by lamellar expansions of the same material. The aggregate formation resulting from the combination of tubes constitutes a variously shaped mass, which often attains a very considerable size."

Tubipora Musica

"The Tubipora is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged…

"The <em>Tubipora</em> is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged tubes, connected together at regular distances by lamellar expansions of the same material." This figure shows the crown of delicately fringed tentacula of a individual polyp.

Crown of Delicately Fringed Tentacula of Tubipora Musica

"The Tubipora is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged…

"The <em>Tubipora</em> is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged tubes, connected together at regular distances by lamellar expansions of the same material. The aggregate formation resulting from the combination of tubes constitutes a variously shaped mass, which often attains a very considerable size."

Magnified Portion of Tubipora Musica

"The Tubipora is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged…

"The <em>Tubipora</em> is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged tubes, connected together at regular distances by lamellar expansions of the same material." This figure shows a close-up of the polyp.

Polyp of Tubipora Musica

"The Tubipora is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged…

"The <em>Tubipora</em> is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged tubes, connected together at regular distances by lamellar expansions of the same material." This figure shows the polyp, which occupies the summit of the tube, and which forms this curious coral.

Tube and Polyp of Tubipora Musica

"The Tubipora is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged…

"The <em>Umbellularia Groenlandica</em> has a very long stem, which is terminated at the summit only by a cluster of polyps. It is an inhabitant of the northern seas."

Umbellularia Groenlandica (Lamarck)

"The Umbellularia Groenlandica has a very long stem, which is terminated at the summit only…

"The species shown in this figure has a simple, cylindrical body, without branchiae, and a rudimentary polypidom furnished with very large polyps of a whitish color."

Veretillum Cynomorium (Lamarck)

"The species shown in this figure has a simple, cylindrical body, without branchiae, and a rudimentary…