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A simple pistil (of Isopyrm), with ovary cut across; the inner (ventral) face turned toward the eye: the ovules seem to be borne on the ventral suture, answering to leaf-margins: the stigma above seen also to answer to leaf margins.

Pistil

A simple pistil (of Isopyrm), with ovary cut across; the inner (ventral) face turned toward the eye:…

A pistil, that is, a scale of the cone, of a Larch, at the time of flowering; inside view, showing its pair of naked ovules.

Pistil

A pistil, that is, a scale of the cone, of a Larch, at the time of flowering; inside view, showing its…

Pistil of Geranium or Cranesbill

Pistil

Pistil of Geranium or Cranesbill

Pistil of Geranium or Cranesbill, ripe, with the five carpels splitting away from the long beak (carpophore), and hanging from its top by their recurving styles.

Pistil

Pistil of Geranium or Cranesbill, ripe, with the five carpels splitting away from the long beak (carpophore),…

Cone of a common Pitch Pine.

Pitch Pine

Cone of a common Pitch Pine.

This shows the cluster of three leaves of the Pitch Pine, Pinus rigida, (Keeler, 1915).

Pitch Pine Needles

This shows the cluster of three leaves of the Pitch Pine, Pinus rigida, (Keeler, 1915).

Inside view of a separated scale or open carpel of a Pitch Pine cone with a seed in place.

Pitch Pine Seed

Inside view of a separated scale or open carpel of a Pitch Pine cone with a seed in place.

The seed of a Pitch Pine cone.

Pitch Pine Seed Wing

The seed of a Pitch Pine cone.

Pods generally split lengthwise when ripe and dry.

Pod

Pods generally split lengthwise when ripe and dry.

Pod or simple pistil of Caltha or Marsh-Marigold, which has opened and shed its seeds.

Pod

Pod or simple pistil of Caltha or Marsh-Marigold, which has opened and shed its seeds.

Pods generally split lengthwise when ripe and dry.

Pod

Pods generally split lengthwise when ripe and dry.

The five pods of the Wild Columbine opening, (Gray, 1858).

Pod

The five pods of the Wild Columbine opening, (Gray, 1858).

Pod of Celandine opening, (Gray, 1858).

Pod

Pod of Celandine opening, (Gray, 1858).

These are the fruit of the Poison Sumac, Rhus vernix (Keeler, 1915).

Poison Sumac Fruit

These are the fruit of the Poison Sumac, Rhus vernix (Keeler, 1915).

"The Pome is an inferior fleshy fruit, of which the edicarp, mesocarp, and fleshy calyx form the greater part, which is eatable. The endocarp is tough and horny, and forms the cells of the seeds."—Darby, 1855

Pome

"The Pome is an inferior fleshy fruit, of which the edicarp, mesocarp, and fleshy calyx form the greater…

"The pomegranate consists of two rows of carpels, one above the other, but in other respects would fall under this division."—Darby, 1855

Pomegranate

"The pomegranate consists of two rows of carpels, one above the other, but in other respects would fall…

"Zannichellia palustris. 1. A flower; 2. a cluster of ripe ovaries; 3. an ovary opened to exhibit the ovule; 4. a vertical section of a seed, showing the folded up embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Potamogetonaceae

"Zannichellia palustris. 1. A flower; 2. a cluster of ripe ovaries; 3. an ovary opened to exhibit the…

Part of stem and leaf of Prince's-Feather (Polygonum orientale) with the united sheathing stipules forming a sheath or ocrea.

Prince's-Feather

Part of stem and leaf of Prince's-Feather (Polygonum orientale) with the united sheathing stipules forming…

Pyxis of Purslane, the lid detaching.

Purslane

Pyxis of Purslane, the lid detaching.

A raceme, with a general peduncle, pedicels, bracts, and bractlets. Plainly the bracts here answer to the leaves.

Raceme

A raceme, with a general peduncle, pedicels, bracts, and bractlets. Plainly the bracts here answer to…

A raceme

Raceme

A raceme

Also known as Raphanus sativus. An edible root vegetable whose seeds can also be used for oil production. They have a fast harvest cycle, and are in season between April and June and from October to January.

China Rose Radish

Also known as Raphanus sativus. An edible root vegetable whose seeds can also be used for oil production.…

This is the staminate flower of Red Ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, (Keeler, 1915).

Red Ash Flower

This is the staminate flower of Red Ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, (Keeler, 1915).

This is the pistillate flower of Red Ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, (Keeler, 1915).

Red Ash Flower

This is the pistillate flower of Red Ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, (Keeler, 1915).

This is the fruit, or samara, of Red Ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, (Keeler, 1915).

Red Ash Fruit

This is the fruit, or samara, of Red Ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, (Keeler, 1915).

This shows the erect strobile, or fruit, of the Red Birch, Betula nigra, (Keeler, 1915).

Red Birch Fruit

This shows the erect strobile, or fruit, of the Red Birch, Betula nigra, (Keeler, 1915).

The seeds of the Red Maple, Acer rubrum, (Keeler, 1915).

Red Maple Seed

The seeds of the Red Maple, Acer rubrum, (Keeler, 1915).

These are the fruit of Red Mulberry, Morus rubra, (Keeler, 1915).

Red Mulberry Fruit

These are the fruit of Red Mulberry, Morus rubra, (Keeler, 1915).

This shows the cluster of two leaves of the Red Pine, Pinus resinosa, (Keeler, 1915).

Red Pine Needles

This shows the cluster of two leaves of the Red Pine, Pinus resinosa, (Keeler, 1915).

"Ribes rubrum. 1. perpendicular section of a flower; 2. cross section of the ovary; 3. seed; 4. a perpendicular section of it." -Lindley, 1853

Redcurrant

"Ribes rubrum. 1. perpendicular section of a flower; 2. cross section of the ovary; 3. seed; 4. a perpendicular…

Plant of Riccia natans

Riccia

Plant of Riccia natans

Plant of Riccia natans

Riccia

Plant of Riccia natans

Section of a part of the front, showing two immersed spore-cases, and one emptied space.

Riccia

Section of a part of the front, showing two immersed spore-cases, and one emptied space.

Spore-case torn out, and spores; one figure of the spores united; the other of the four separated.

Riccia

Spore-case torn out, and spores; one figure of the spores united; the other of the four separated.

Section of a grain of Rice, lengthwise, showing embryo outside the albumen, which forms the principal bulk.

Seed of Grain of Rice

Section of a grain of Rice, lengthwise, showing embryo outside the albumen, which forms the principal…

Seed of Ricinus or Castor-oil plant, with caruncle.

Ricinus

Seed of Ricinus or Castor-oil plant, with caruncle.

"The female of Hydrostachys verruculosa. 1. the calyx; 2. the same opened to show the ovary; 3. a seed; 4. a vertical section of it." -Lindley, 1853

Riverweed

"The female of Hydrostachys verruculosa. 1. the calyx; 2. the same opened to show the ovary; 3. a seed;…

Section of seed of Rock Rose, Helianthemum Canadense; orthotropus, with curved embryo in the albumen.

Seed of Rock Rose

Section of seed of Rock Rose, Helianthemum Canadense; orthotropus, with curved embryo in the albumen.

Leaf of Ruscus, or Butcher's Broom

Ruscus

Leaf of Ruscus, or Butcher's Broom

"Juncus acutiflorus; 1. a flower; 2. the pistil; 3. a perpendicular section of the ovary; 4. seeds; 5. a seed germinating." -Lindley, 1853

Sharp-Flowered Rush

"Juncus acutiflorus; 1. a flower; 2. the pistil; 3. a perpendicular section of the ovary; 4. seeds;…

Plan of a one-celled ovary of three carpel-leaves, with parietal placentae, cut across below, where it is complete; the upper part showing the top of the three leaves it is composed of, approaching, but not united.

Sandwort

Plan of a one-celled ovary of three carpel-leaves, with parietal placentae, cut across below, where…

This is the fruit of the Sassafras,(Keeler, 1915).

Sassafras Fruit

This is the fruit of the Sassafras,(Keeler, 1915).

Flower of Saururus or Lizard's-tail; naked, but hermaphrodite.

Saururus

Flower of Saururus or Lizard's-tail; naked, but hermaphrodite.

"Lavradia Vellozii. 1. an expanded flower; 2. the stamens with exterior petaloid scales; 3. a seed; 4. a section of it." -Lindley, 1853

Sauvagesia

"Lavradia Vellozii. 1. an expanded flower; 2. the stamens with exterior petaloid scales; 3. a seed;…

Each scale of the pine cone is a whole pistillate flower. (Gray, 1858).

Scale

Each scale of the pine cone is a whole pistillate flower. (Gray, 1858).

Each scale of the pine cone is a whole pistillate flower. (Gray, 1858).

Scale

Each scale of the pine cone is a whole pistillate flower. (Gray, 1858).

This shows the staminate flower of Scarlet Oak, Quercus coccinea, (Keeler, 1915).

Scarlet Oak Flowers

This shows the staminate flower of Scarlet Oak, Quercus coccinea, (Keeler, 1915).

This shows the pistillate flower of Scarlet Oak, Quercus coccinea, (Keeler, 1915).

Scarlet Oak Flowers

This shows the pistillate flower of Scarlet Oak, Quercus coccinea, (Keeler, 1915).

One of the lobes of its fruit-bearing portion, bearing two rows of spore-cases.

Schizea Pusilla

One of the lobes of its fruit-bearing portion, bearing two rows of spore-cases.

Spore-case of the Schizea Pusilla, detached, opening lengthwise.

Schizea Pusilla

Spore-case of the Schizea Pusilla, detached, opening lengthwise.

Parts of the same, two of each kind, separated and displayed; the torus or receptacle in the centre; <em>a</em> a sepal; <em>b</em>, a petal; <em>c</em>, a stamen <em>d</em>, a pistil.

Sedum Ternatum

Parts of the same, two of each kind, separated and displayed; the torus or receptacle in the centre;…

Seed of a Linden or Basswood cut through lengthwise, the parts lettered: <em>a</em>, the hilum or scar; <em>b</em>, the outer coat; <em>c</em>, the inner; <em>d</em>, the alhumen; <em>e</em>, the embryo.

Seed

Seed of a Linden or Basswood cut through lengthwise, the parts lettered: a, the hilum or scar;…

The seeds of a rose.

Seeds

The seeds of a rose.

Look at the little feathery ball on the stalk of the dandelion after the flower is gone. The seeds are in the middle of that ball.

Dandelion Seeds

Look at the little feathery ball on the stalk of the dandelion after the flower is gone. The seeds are…

Each seed has a very little stem. This stem has on its end some very fine fibres standing out all around. It is curious to see how regularly they are arranged so as to make that beautiful feathery ball (Hooker, 1886).

Dandelion Seeds

Each seed has a very little stem. This stem has on its end some very fine fibres standing out all around.…

Open 4-valved spore-case of a Selaginella, and its four large spores (macrospores).

Selaginella

Open 4-valved spore-case of a Selaginella, and its four large spores (macrospores).

Macrospores of Selaginella

Selaginella

Macrospores of Selaginella

Macrospores of Selaginella, separated.

Selaginella

Macrospores of Selaginella, separated.

The flowers and plant of Senna alexandrina which was once known as Cassia acutifolia.

Alexandrian Senna

The flowers and plant of Senna alexandrina which was once known as Cassia acutifolia.

Shoot of Shagbark Hickory, Carya alba.

Shagbark Hickory

Shoot of Shagbark Hickory, Carya alba.