"The mural crown is a circle of fold embattled, and it is associated with military success in sieges."—Aveling, 1891

Mural Crown

"The mural crown is a circle of fold embattled, and it is associated with military success in sieges."—Aveling,…

This illustration shows three different views of the De Haviland 4 Reconnaissance Plane. This plane has a 400 horsepower Liberty Engine.

De Haviland 4 Reconnaissance Plane

This illustration shows three different views of the De Haviland 4 Reconnaissance Plane. This plane…

(1844-1881) A United States Navy officer and explorer.

George Washington De Long

(1844-1881) A United States Navy officer and explorer.

An illustration of military personnel measuring distance.

Military Distance Measurement

An illustration of military personnel measuring distance.

An army general commanding his troop not to shoot until he takes the first shot.

Do Not Shoot Till I Do

An army general commanding his troop not to shoot until he takes the first shot.

"In armor, ornamented with ridges, corrugations, and the like, which in some cases added also to the utility of the piece as giving greater strength. Suits of armor of the sixteenth century, both Italian and German, are often richly fluted." -Whitney, 1911

Fluted Dossière

"In armor, ornamented with ridges, corrugations, and the like, which in some cases added also to the…

Marching at twice the cadence of "Forward March;" 100 to 180 steps per min. something of a light jog. The unit is still required to keep in step.

Double Time

Marching at twice the cadence of "Forward March;" 100 to 180 steps per min. something of a light jog.…

The influx of Northern regiments of troops into Washington during the early days of the war rendered that city every hour in the day a scene of exciting and beautiful military display. The grounds north of the Capitol were used for brilliant dress parades and drills, which attrected throng of visitors from all parts of the city and Surrounding places. The various regiments had their cliques of admiring friends, who deemed the evolutoins of their favorites entirely unapproachable. All the troops however, in their drill and bearing were considered worthy of warm praise, and called loud cheers from the spectators.

Drilling Troops

The influx of Northern regiments of troops into Washington during the early days of the war rendered…

An illustration of a rifle expert medal.

Rifle Expert Medal

An illustration of a rifle expert medal.

"A bundle of rods or small sticks of wood bound at both ends and in the middle, used in fortification, raising batteries, filling ditches, strengthening ramparts, and making parapets." -Whitney, 1911

Fascine

"A bundle of rods or small sticks of wood bound at both ends and in the middle, used in fortification,…

(1755-810) Apart of the French military that was an Aid to Rochambeau

Count Fersen

(1755-810) Apart of the French military that was an Aid to Rochambeau

An illustration of military men in standing in formation of file.

Military Men in Formation of File

An illustration of military men in standing in formation of file.

A man firing his rifle from a doorway.

A Man Firing from a Doorway

A man firing his rifle from a doorway.

Order give to soldiers instructing them to attach their bayonets to the end of their rifles.

Fix Bayonet

Order give to soldiers instructing them to attach their bayonets to the end of their rifles.

An illustration of military personnel in formation changing direction.

Military Personnel in Formation Changing Direction

An illustration of military personnel in formation changing direction.

An illustration of military personnel in formation picking up full pace after changing direction.

Military Personnel Formation Marching

An illustration of military personnel in formation picking up full pace after changing direction.

The blockhouse and soldiers at Fort Pitt in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Fort Pitt

The blockhouse and soldiers at Fort Pitt in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

"Section of Fortified Wall. (Interior on the left; exterior on the right.) a, a, is the abatis; b, b, the counterscarp; c, c, the palisade; d, d, the scarp; f, f, the fraise; f, e, g, g, the parapet; h, the banquette; and i, g, the breast-height." -Whitney, 1911

Section of Fortified Wall

"Section of Fortified Wall. (Interior on the left; exterior on the right.) a, a, is the abatis; b, b,…

An illustration of military personnel forward marching in a four line formation.

Forward March in Four File Formation

An illustration of military personnel forward marching in a four line formation.

Demonstration of the command to go forward.

Forward, Etc.

Demonstration of the command to go forward.

An illustration of a four person file military formation.

Four Person File Military Formation

An illustration of a four person file military formation.

"A fraise is a palisade horizontal, or nearly so, projecting from the scarp or counterscarp. A modern and better form consists of supports at 3 or 4 feet interval, connected by barbed wire, forming a horizontal wire fence." — Moss, 1914

Fraise

"A fraise is a palisade horizontal, or nearly so, projecting from the scarp or counterscarp. A modern…

A collection of weapons used by the Germanic tribe called the Franks. These are all of their most typically used weapons: a shield, a spear or Germanic spear, a Frankish spear or angon (this is similar to a short javelin), a sword, a knife, and a short axe for battling in close quarters. All of the weapons are standing vertically, except for the short axe, which lies horizontally, underneath the shield. The shield appears to be three-tiered.

Frankish Weapons, Including a Shield, Germanic Spear, Angon, Sword, Knife, and Short Axe

A collection of weapons used by the Germanic tribe called the Franks. These are all of their most typically…

Military officer and candidate for president

John Charles Fremont

Military officer and candidate for president

"A piece of armor protecting the arm; properly, an elbow piece, but sometimes loosely used for the entire brassart. Also garde-de-bras." -Whitney, 1911

Garde-Brace

"A piece of armor protecting the arm; properly, an elbow piece, but sometimes loosely used for the entire…

"In armor, a raised and ornamental ridge terminating the pauldron on the side toward the neck, and intended to prevent blows from glancing from the pauldron." -Whitney, 1911

Garde-Collet

"In armor, a raised and ornamental ridge terminating the pauldron on the side toward the neck, and intended…

(1807-1882) Italian patriot and hero known as a great military and political leader.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

(1807-1882) Italian patriot and hero known as a great military and political leader.

"Genouillère, middle of 13th century. The knee-piece, of hammered iron, introduced toward the close of the thirteenth century, and worn at first over the chausses of mail, being held in place by a strap passing round the leg, and consisting at first of a dish-shaped or slightly pointed roundel." -Whitney, 1911

Genouillère

"Genouillère, middle of 13th century. The knee-piece, of hammered iron, introduced toward the…

"Genouillère, middle of 13th century. An articulated piece forming a part of the jambe or of the cuissart in the fourteenth century, and later furnished with large wings which projected backward on each side of the knee-joint." -Whitney, 1911

Genouillère

"Genouillère, middle of 13th century. An articulated piece forming a part of the jambe or of…

(1723-1788) French military leader that assisted with the Revolutionary war

Count De Grasse

(1723-1788) French military leader that assisted with the Revolutionary war

Illustration of a Greek war-ship from the 5th century BC. There are two masts, a large decorative bird element at the bow, and shell-like enclosure at the stern. Three rows of oars are manned by several men. A large, steering oar at the starboard bow is controlled by a man on a raised platform. A flag flies from the stern.

Greek War-Ship with Three Rows of Oars

Illustration of a Greek war-ship from the 5th century BC. There are two masts, a large decorative bird…

An old Grenadier

Grenadier

An old Grenadier

"Field-gun Carriage. A, stock. B, cheek. a, lunette; b, trail-plate; c, c, pointing-rings; d, handle; e, e, prolonge-hooks; f, wheel-guard plate; g, lock-chain bolt, nut, and washer; h, turn buckle, chain, and hasp for sponge and rammer; i, stop for rammer-head; k, ear-plate for worm; l, elevating-screw; m, under-strap; n, implement-hook; o, D-ring for hand-spike; q, trunnion-plate; r, cap-square; s, s, cap-square chains and keys; 1, prolonge; 2, sponge and rammer; 3, hand-spike." -Whitney, 1911

Field Gun Carriage

"Field-gun Carriage. A, stock. B, cheek. a, lunette; b, trail-plate; c, c, pointing-rings; d, handle;…

The Browning M1919 is a .30 caliber medium machine gun family widely used during the 20th century. It was used as a light infantry, coaxial, mounted, aircraft, and anti-aircraft machine gun by the U.S. and many other countries, especially during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. Although it began to be superseded by newer designs in the later half of the century (such as by the M60 machine gun), it remained in use in many North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries and elsewhere for much longer. It is very similar in design to the larger .50-caliber M2 Machine Gun, which is also a Browning-designed weapon and is still in NATO service.

Browning Machine Gun

The Browning M1919 is a .30 caliber medium machine gun family widely used during the 20th century. It…

An illustration of an early field gun.

Early Field Gun

An illustration of an early field gun.

A field gun is an artillery piece. Originally the term referred to smaller guns that could accompany a field army on the march and when in combat could be moved about the battlefield in response to changing circumstances. This was as opposed to siege cannon or mortars which were too large to be moved quickly, and would be used only in a prolonged siege.

Field Gun

A field gun is an artillery piece. Originally the term referred to smaller guns that could accompany…

"Carry the hand to the shoulder; rapidly thrust the hand upward the full extent of the arm several times." — Moss, 1914

Halt

"Carry the hand to the shoulder; rapidly thrust the hand upward the full extent of the arm several times."…

Used to stop a unit (formation) from marching by calling it ether on the right or left foot.

Halt

Used to stop a unit (formation) from marching by calling it ether on the right or left foot.

An illustration of a hand holding a military toy figurine.

Hand Holding Military Toy Figurine

An illustration of a hand holding a military toy figurine.

"To announce range, extend the arm toward the leaders or men for whom the signal is intended, fist closed; by keeping the fist closed battle sight is indicated; by opening and closing the fist, expose thumb and fingers to a number equal to the hundreds of yards." — Moss, 1914

Hand signal

"To announce range, extend the arm toward the leaders or men for whom the signal is intended, fist closed;…

"To add 50 yards describe a short horizontal line with forefinger." — Moss, 1914

Hand signal

"To add 50 yards describe a short horizontal line with forefinger." — Moss, 1914

"To change elevation, indicate the amount of increase or decrease by fingers; point upward to indicate increase and downward to indicate decrease." — Moss, 1914

Hand signal

"To change elevation, indicate the amount of increase or decrease by fingers; point upward to indicate…

This illustration shows three different views of a Handley-Page Twin Liberty Motored Type O 400 Bomber.

Handley-Page Twin Liberty Motored Type O 400 Bomber

This illustration shows three different views of a Handley-Page Twin Liberty Motored Type O 400 Bomber.

A military commander of Carthage. He is considered to be one of the greatest generals of antiquity.

Hannibal

A military commander of Carthage. He is considered to be one of the greatest generals of antiquity.

A bag or case, in which a soldier carries his rations when on a march.

Haversack

A bag or case, in which a soldier carries his rations when on a march.

Heaume, early 13th century.

Heaume

Heaume, early 13th century.

Heaume, early 15th century.

Heaume

Heaume, early 15th century.

Heaume, early 15th century.

Heaume

Heaume, early 15th century.

"At the second command take the position of arms. Seize the bolt handle with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, turn the handle up, draw the bolt back, and glance at the chamber. Having found the chamber empty, or having emptied it, raise the head and eyes to the front." — Moss, 1914

Inspection Arms

"At the second command take the position of arms. Seize the bolt handle with the thumb and forefinger…

An illustration of military personnel measuring intervals.

Military Interval Measurement

An illustration of military personnel measuring intervals.

A complex of buildings containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France. It also contains a hospital and a retirement home for war veterans.

Hôtel des Invalides

A complex of buildings containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France.…

A military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia, and later of Germany. It was also used as the symbol of the German Army from 1871 to 1918.

The Iron Cross

A military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia, and later of Germany. It was also used as the symbol…

(--) French major general that led troops for the American Revolution

Francis John, Marquis De Chastellux

(--) French major general that led troops for the American Revolution

Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.

Bust of Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation…

"Kneel, but with right knee against left hand." — Moss, 1914

Kneel

"Kneel, but with right knee against left hand." — Moss, 1914

"If kneeling or sitting, the position of the piece is similar; if kneeling, the left forearm rests on the left thigh." — Moss, 1914

Kneeling

"If kneeling or sitting, the position of the piece is similar; if kneeling, the left forearm rests on…

A Polish-Lithuanian general and military leader during the Kosciuszko Uprising.

Tadeusz Kosciuszko

A Polish-Lithuanian general and military leader during the Kosciuszko Uprising.

A French military officer who led the Garde Nationale during the French Revolution, as well as fought in the American Revolutionary War as a general.

Lafayette

A French military officer who led the Garde Nationale during the French Revolution, as well as fought…

"Carry the piece with the right hand and place it on the left shoulder, barrel up, trigger guard in the hollow of the shoulder, at the same time grasp the butt with the left hand, heel between first and second fingeres, thumb and fingers closed on the stock." — Moss, 1914

Left Shoulder, Arms

"Carry the piece with the right hand and place it on the left shoulder, barrel up, trigger guard in…

The Cross of the Legion of Honor is a decoration composed of a star of five double rays, with a wreath of oak and laurel. On the obverse appears the female head personifying France, and the words, 'République Française'; on the reverse, two tricolors, and the motto, 'Honneur et Patrie'. The Legion of Honor is a French order of merit, created in 1802 by Napoleon, when first consul, with the view of specially marking exploits and services in the military and civil departments. Napoleon himself was first grandmaster.

Cross of the Legion of Honor

The Cross of the Legion of Honor is a decoration composed of a star of five double rays, with a wreath…