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Vertical section of the organ of Corti from the dog. Labels: 1 to 2, homogeneous layer of the so-called membrana basilaris; u, vestibular layer; v, tympana layer, with nuclei and protoplasm; a, prolongation of tympanal periosteum of lamina spiralis ossea; c, thickened commencement of the membrana basilaris near the point of perforation of the nerves h; d, blood-vessel ( vas spirale) ; e, blood-vessel; f, nerves; g, the epithelium of the sulcus spiralis internus; i, internal or tufted cell, with basil process k, surrounded with nuclei and protoplasm (of the glanular layer), into which the nerve-fibers radiate; l, hairs of the internal hair-cell ; n, base or foot of inner pillar of organ of Corti, whose under half is missing, while the next pillar beyond, o, presents both middle portion and base; r s d, three external hair-cells; t, bases of two neighboring hair or tufted cells; x, so-called supporting cell of Hensen; W, nerve-fiber terminating in the first of the external hair cells.

Corti from the Dog

Vertical section of the organ of Corti from the dog. Labels: 1 to 2, homogeneous layer of the so-called…

"The familiar cockles are among the most widely distributed of shells. The greatest number are furnished with regular ripples, generally obtuse, sometimes in ridges diverging from the point and armed with straight or curved spines, arranged in the oddest manner"

Cardium Aculeatum (Linnaeus)

"The familiar cockles are among the most widely distributed of shells. The greatest number are furnished…

Fecundated egg with allantois nearly complete. Labels: a, inner layer of amniotic fold; b, outer layer; c, point where the amniotic folds come in contact. The allantois is seen penetrating between the outer and inner layers of the amniotic folds.

Fecundated Egg

Fecundated egg with allantois nearly complete. Labels: a, inner layer of amniotic fold; b, outer layer;…

Embryo chick at fourth day, viewed as a transparent object, lying on its left side. CH, cerebral hemispheres; FB, forebrain or vesicle of third ventricle, with Pn, pineal gland projecting from its summit; MB, midbrain; Cb, cerebellum; IV V, fourth ventricle; L, lens; chs, choroidal slit; Cen V, auditory vesicle; s m, superior maxillary process; 1F, 2F, 3F,4F., first, second, third, and fourth visceral folds; V, fifth nerve, sending one branch (ophthalmic) to the eye, and another to the first pharyngeal nerve, passing to the third visceral arch; G.Pg, pneumogastric nerve, passing towards the fourth visceral arch; iv, investing mass; ch, notochord; its front end cannot be seen in the living embryo, and it does not end as shown in the figure, but takes a sudden bend downwards, and then terminated in a point; Ht, heart seen through the walls of the chest; MP, muscle-plates; W, wing, showing commencing differentiation of segments, corresponding to arm, forearm, and hand; H L, hind-limb, as yet a shapeless bud, showing no differentiation. Beneath it is seen the curved tail.

Embryo Chick at Fourth Day

Embryo chick at fourth day, viewed as a transparent object, lying on its left side. CH, cerebral hemispheres;…

Capillary blood vessel of the tail of a young larval frog. a, capillaries permeable to blood; b, fat granules attached to the walls of the vessels, and concealing the nuclei; c, hollow prolongation of a capillary ending in a point; d, a branching cell with nucleus and fat granules; it communicates by three branches with prolongation of capillaries already formed; e, blood corpuscles still containing granules of fat.

Capillary Blood Vessels of Larval Frog

Capillary blood vessel of the tail of a young larval frog. a, capillaries permeable to blood; b, fat…

Showing the average position of the abdominal viscera with their surface markings. Labels: A, sterno-ensiform point; A', sterno-ensiform line; B, mid-epigastric point; B', mid-epigastric or transpyloric line; C, umbilical point; C', umbilical line; D, mid-hypogastric point; D', mid-hypogastric line; E, outer border of the right and left rectus abdominis; F, Monro's point- on the right spino-umbilical line at the outer border of the rectus abdomninis.

Abdominal Region

Showing the average position of the abdominal viscera with their surface markings. Labels: A, sterno-ensiform…

"The <em>Monodonta</em> are elegantly marked shells. Some curious specimens from this family come from the Indian ocean; they are remarkable for their numerous spines and the asperity of their shells. The Star Commander, a native of the Australian seas."

Imperator Stellaris (Lamarck)

"The Monodonta are elegantly marked shells. Some curious specimens from this family come from…

"Some other species, the names of which indicate a winding pyramid, have shells terminating in a sharp point, some of them having fluted spirals, others rounded, angular or flat."

Turritella Replicata (Linnaeus)

"Some other species, the names of which indicate a winding pyramid, have shells terminating in a sharp…

"Some other species, the names of which indicate a winding pyramid, have shells terminating in a sharp point, some of them having fluted spirals, others rounded, angular or flat."

Turritella Angulata (Sowerby)

"Some other species, the names of which indicate a winding pyramid, have shells terminating in a sharp…

"Some other species, the names of which indicate a winding pyramid, have shells terminating in a sharp point, some of them having fluted spirals, others rounded, angular or flat."

Turritella Sanguinea (Reeve)

"Some other species, the names of which indicate a winding pyramid, have shells terminating in a sharp…

"Some other species, the names of which indicate a winding pyramid, have shells terminating in a sharp point, some of them having fluted spirals, others rounded, angular or flat."

Turritella Goniostoma

"Some other species, the names of which indicate a winding pyramid, have shells terminating in a sharp…

"Some other species, the names of which indicate a winding pyramid, have shells terminating in a sharp point, some of them having fluted spirals, others rounded, angular or flat."

Turritella Terebellata (Lamarck)

"Some other species, the names of which indicate a winding pyramid, have shells terminating in a sharp…

"There are some species which are chiefly found in the muddy bottoms, and more frequently at the mouths of rivers, but rarely beyond the point to which the tide reaches."

Cerithium Fasciatum (Brug.)

"There are some species which are chiefly found in the muddy bottoms, and more frequently at the mouths…

"There are some species which are chiefly found in the muddy bottoms, and more frequently at the mouths of rivers, but rarely beyond the point to which the tide reaches."

Cerithium Aluco.

"There are some species which are chiefly found in the muddy bottoms, and more frequently at the mouths…

"There are some species which are chiefly found in the muddy bottoms, and more frequently at the mouths of rivers, but rarely beyond the point to which the tide reaches." This figure is known as the Giant Cerithium.

Cerithium Giganteum (Lamarck)

"There are some species which are chiefly found in the muddy bottoms, and more frequently at the mouths…

"The White Ray is in the form of a rhomb, the point of the muzzle forming the lower angle, the longest ray of each pectoral forming the lateral angles, while the summit of the tail forms the last angle."

The White Ray (Raia Batis)

"The White Ray is in the form of a rhomb, the point of the muzzle forming the lower angle, the longest…

"In order that the may pierce the skin, the fly is provided with a very small lancet, which has a very fine point, and is of light color."

Lancet of the Meat-Fly

"In order that the may pierce the skin, the fly is provided with a very small lancet, which has a very…

Round head and flat head screws compared.

Wood Screws

Round head and flat head screws compared.

A cylindrical helix is a curve generated by a point moving uniformly around a cylinder and uniformly lengthwise of the cylinder at the some time. The hypotenuse of a right triangle will form one turn of a helix if it is wrapped around a cylinder. The base of the triangle is equal to the circumference of the cylinder and the altitude is the pitch of the helix.

Helix

A cylindrical helix is a curve generated by a point moving uniformly around a cylinder and uniformly…

Flat head screw countersunk (set flush) into wood.

Wood Screw Countersunk

Flat head screw countersunk (set flush) into wood.

Side view of a fetal skull. The coronal suture extends from the top of the head downwards on either side to the point E; the lambdoidal suture from the back forward, on either side to the point F. The sagittal suture is not shown, but is indicated by the upper margin of the illustration, beginning at the base of the nose, passing backward across the coronal suture (anterior fontanelle), and ending at the lambdoidal suture (posterior fontanelle).

Side View of Fetal Skull

Side view of a fetal skull. The coronal suture extends from the top of the head downwards on either…

"A great many others have in the upper part, along the edges which separate the two sides, little humps, eminences broader than they are thick, ending in a sharp point."

Pupa Having Angular Projections

"A great many others have in the upper part, along the edges which separate the two sides, little humps,…

Section of the head through the point of chin.

Cross Section of Head Through the Chin

Section of the head through the point of chin.

Joab's Artifice, from Hans Holbein's series of engravings known as his Bible Cuts.

Joab's Artifice

Joab's Artifice, from Hans Holbein's series of engravings known as his Bible Cuts.

"The Card Making Wasp of Cayenne is a consummate artist. From an architectural point of view, the card making wasp is almost superior to the bee. Its honey is not fit for food."

Card Making Wasp (Chartergus Nidulans)

"The Card Making Wasp of Cayenne is a consummate artist. From an architectural point of view, the card…

A gate is a point of entry to a space enclosed by walls, or an opening in a fence.

Gate

A gate is a point of entry to a space enclosed by walls, or an opening in a fence.

A traditional Jewish synagogue, house of prayer.

Synagogue

A traditional Jewish synagogue, house of prayer.

An anchor is an object, often made out of metal, that is used to attach a ship to the bottom of a body of water at a specific point.

Anchor

An anchor is an object, often made out of metal, that is used to attach a ship to the bottom of a body…

The stability of the "balancer" depends on the fact that, owing to the weight of the two leaden balls, the center of gravity of the whole is below the point of support.

Balancer Toy Illustration

The stability of the "balancer" depends on the fact that, owing to the weight of the two leaden balls,…

The steelyard is an instrument for weighing bodies by means of a single weight which can be hung at any point of a graduated arm.

Steelyard

The steelyard is an instrument for weighing bodies by means of a single weight which can be hung at…

In the midst of the cancellous tissue the femoral spur, which commences at the point where the neck joins the shaft just external to the lesser trochanter,and extends in the direction of the digital fossa. Shown is the femoral spur or calcar femorale.

Femoral Spur of the Femur

In the midst of the cancellous tissue the femoral spur, which commences at the point where the neck…

"It is common in fresh waters. It must not be seized without taking precautions, as its breast is provided with a strong point, which pierces the skin."

Hydrophilus Piceus

"It is common in fresh waters. It must not be seized without taking precautions, as its breast is provided…

"It is not unusual to fine a decayed spot in the center of potatoes otherwise apparently in good condition. A microscopic examination a portion of the diseased part will show that the decay commenced where the vascular bundles concentrate. At that point the air is in greater volume than elsewhere. Although these mineral acids and caustic alkalies dissolve starch granuals, they do not affect the cellulose cells which contain the starch. When such spots are exposed to the atmosphere the fungus blue-mold forms on the surface. This disease, therefore, has not relation to potato-rot, as ordinarily understood. f represents the mycelium (roots) of blue-mold, Penicillium glaucum, and G that of potato-rot, Peronospora infestans." -Watts, 1874

Potato Diseases at a Microscopic Level

"It is not unusual to fine a decayed spot in the center of potatoes otherwise apparently in good condition.…

Yosemite Valley is a world-famous scenic location in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. It is the centerpiece of Yosemite National Park, attracting visitors from all parts of the globe.

The Yosemite Valley, from Artist Point

Yosemite Valley is a world-famous scenic location in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. It is…

Historically, the name referred to a large shelf of rock which jutted out from the Canadian shore, located just north of the present observation and commercial complex. Revealed in the mid-1700s as the Horseshoe Falls receded, Table rock was the first major vantage point for tourists of the early and mid-1800s. In 1818 the first part of the rock collapsed, followed by minor rock falls in 1828 and 1829. The most notable rock fall occurred in July, 1850, wen roughly one-third of the point collapsed into the Niagara Gorge.

Table Rock

Historically, the name referred to a large shelf of rock which jutted out from the Canadian shore, located…

The Old South Meeting House in Boston, Mass. gained fame as the organizing point for the Boston Tea Party in 1773.

Old South Meeting House

The Old South Meeting House in Boston, Mass. gained fame as the organizing point for the Boston Tea…

The capsule of T&eacute;non consists of a thin membrane which envelops the eyeball from the optic nerve to the ciliary region, separating it from the orbital fat and forming a socket in which it plays. Shown is the capsule of T&eacute;non. The aponeurosis is seen from behind forward on the posterior hemisphere of the globe. Labels: a, Cellulofibrous intermuscular lamina; b, deep leaf of the sheath incised at the point where it leaves the muscle to fold itself on the posterior hemisphere when it forms the posterior capsule; d, Partly incised; c, Serous membrane.

Capsule of Ténon

The capsule of Ténon consists of a thin membrane which envelops the eyeball from the optic nerve…

Right half of upper jaw (from below), with the corresponding teeth. The letters and numbers point to the classes of teeth and the numbers in classes.

Upper Jaw with Teeth

Right half of upper jaw (from below), with the corresponding teeth. The letters and numbers point to…

Right half of lower jaw, with the corresponding teeth. The letters and numbers point to the various cusps or their modifications on the different teeth.

Lower Jaw with Teeth

Right half of lower jaw, with the corresponding teeth. The letters and numbers point to the various…

"Eriostemon myoporoides. 1. a complete flower; 2. the ovary, seated in a cup-shaped disk, surrounded by a calyx; 3. the ripe fruit, separated spontaneously into its component carpels." -Lindley, 1853

White Star

"Eriostemon myoporoides. 1. a complete flower; 2. the ovary, seated in a cup-shaped disk, surrounded…

An illustration of Natchez, Mississippi looking down from a hill. In the late 18th-century Natchez was the starting point of the Natchez Trace overland route, which ran from Natchez to Nashville, Tennessee through what is now Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee.

Natchez, Mississippi

An illustration of Natchez, Mississippi looking down from a hill. In the late 18th-century Natchez was…

John Wycliffe (mid-1320s &ndash; 31 December 1384) was an English theologian, translator and reformist. Wycliffe was an early dissident in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century. He is considered the founder of the Lollard movement, a precursor to the Protestant Reformation (for this reason, he is sometimes called "The Morning Star of the Reformation"). He was one of the earliest opponents of papal encroachment on secular power.

John Wycliffe

John Wycliffe (mid-1320s – 31 December 1384) was an English theologian, translator and reformist.…

John Wycliffe (mid-1320s &ndash; 31 December 1384) was an English theologian, translator and reformist. Wycliffe was an early dissident in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century. He is considered the founder of the Lollard movement, a precursor to the Protestant Reformation (for this reason, he is sometimes called "The Morning Star of the Reformation"). He was one of the earliest opponents of papal encroachment on secular power. Wycliffe was also an early advocate for translation of the Bible directly from the Vulgate into vernacular English in the year 1382, now known as the WycliffeBible. It is believed that he personally translated the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John; and it is possible he translated the entire New Testament, while his associates translated the Old Testament. Wycliff's Bible appears to have been completed by 1384, with additional updated versions being done by Wycliffe's assistant John Purvey and others in 1388 and 1395

John Wycliffe

John Wycliffe (mid-1320s – 31 December 1384) was an English theologian, translator and reformist.…

Illustration showing a how in "analytic geometry it is customary to specify the position of a plane in space by giving the lengths that the plane in question cuts off from three fixed straight lines, which meet at a common point and are called 'axes.'"

Plane

Illustration showing a how in "analytic geometry it is customary to specify the position of a plane…

Illustration showing a cycloid curve. "The curve generated by a point in the plane of a circle when the circle is rolled along a straight line and always in the same plane."

Cycloid

Illustration showing a cycloid curve. "The curve generated by a point in the plane of a circle when…

Illustration showing cycloid curves. "The curve generated by a point in the plane of a circle when the circle is rolled along a straight line and always in the same plane."

Cycloids

Illustration showing cycloid curves. "The curve generated by a point in the plane of a circle when the…

Illustration showing a cycloid curve. "The curve generated by a point in the plane of a circle when the circle is rolled along a straight line and always in the same plane."

Cycloid

Illustration showing a cycloid curve. "The curve generated by a point in the plane of a circle when…

Nicolaus Copernicus (February 19, 1473 - May 24, 1543) was the first astronomer to formulate a scientifically based heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of the universe. His epochal book, <em>De revolutionibus orbium coelestium</em> (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), is often regarded as the starting point of modern astronomy and the defining epiphany that began the Scientific Revolution.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (February 19, 1473 - May 24, 1543) was the first astronomer to formulate a scientifically…

Craney Island is a point of land in the independent city of Portsmouth in the South Hampton Roads region of eastern Virginia in the United States. The location, formerly in Norfolk County, is near the mouth of the Elizabeth River opposite Lambert's Point on Hampton Roads.

The Block-House in Craney Island, 1813

Craney Island is a point of land in the independent city of Portsmouth in the South Hampton Roads region…

His Majesty's Fort of Crown Point or more simply Fort Crown Point was a British fort built in 1759 on Lake Champlain (on the border between modern New York State and Vermont in the United States) to secure the region against the French.

Crown Point in 1857

His Majesty's Fort of Crown Point or more simply Fort Crown Point was a British fort built in 1759 on…

Stapelia is a genus of large flowering plants of the Apocynaceae family.

Stapelia

Stapelia is a genus of large flowering plants of the Apocynaceae family.

"Stylidium calcaratum. 1. anthers and stigma, forming the point of the column; 2. capsule split open; 3. seed." -Lindley, 1853

Book Triggerplant

"Stylidium calcaratum. 1. anthers and stigma, forming the point of the column; 2. capsule split open;…

The Star Chamber (Latin Camera stellata) was an English court of law that sat at the royal Palace of Westminster until 1641. It was mistakenly thought that in 1487 an act was passed which established a special "Court of Star Chamber" to deal with the nobles; however; the only legislation passed in that year in this context was to set up a tribunal to prevent the intimidation of juries and to stop retaining. It seems to have gone out of use by 1509 and it had no connection with the later Court of Star Chamber whose primary purpose was to hear political libel and treason cases.

Interior of the Star Chamber

The Star Chamber (Latin Camera stellata) was an English court of law that sat at the royal Palace of…

Port Eads, Louisiana, is located at the southern tip of the Mississippi River, also known as South Pass in Plaquemines Parish. It is the southern most point in Louisiana.

Port Eads

Port Eads, Louisiana, is located at the southern tip of the Mississippi River, also known as South Pass…

The birthplace of Ulysses S. Grant in Point Pleasant, Ohio.

Birthplace of General Ulysses S. Grant

The birthplace of Ulysses S. Grant in Point Pleasant, Ohio.

The North Star (Polaris) varies so slightly from the true north that we may, for practical purposes, consider it true north. The North Star is easily identified by the pointers of the "Big Dipper."

Astronomical Compass

The North Star (Polaris) varies so slightly from the true north that we may, for practical purposes,…

From Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. An old mariner tells his tales to a young man who is on his way to a wedding.

Ancient Mariner

From Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. An old mariner tells his tales to a young man who…

A vanishing point is a point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines appear to converge.

Vanishing Point

A vanishing point is a point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines appear to converge.

A vanishing point is a point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines appear to converge.

Vanishing Point

A vanishing point is a point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines appear to converge.

A vanishing point is a point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines appear to converge.

Vanishing Point

A vanishing point is a point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines appear to converge.