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(356 B.C.-323 B.C.) Greek leader

Alexander the Great

(356 B.C.-323 B.C.) Greek leader

Filling an amphora.

Amphora

Filling an amphora.

An ornamented series used in Greek Roman decoration, which is derived from floral forms, more especially the honeysuckle.

Anthemion

An ornamented series used in Greek Roman decoration, which is derived from floral forms, more especially…

Temple of Jupiter at Olympia.

Temple of Jupiter

Temple of Jupiter at Olympia.

Greek soldier wearing armor.

Greek armor

Greek soldier wearing armor.

Apollo was the son of Zeus and Leto, twin brother of Diana, one of the principal gods of the Greeks, and mentioned by Homer and Hesoid as Pheobus Apollo.

Phoebus Apollo

Apollo was the son of Zeus and Leto, twin brother of Diana, one of the principal gods of the Greeks,…

Part of the cephalopod group. The name cephalopod is derived from two greek words which mean feet on head.

Octopus

Part of the cephalopod group. The name cephalopod is derived from two greek words which mean feet on…

Palmettes design from a Greek vase.

Greek Vase Palmettes Motif

Palmettes design from a Greek vase.

Three types of Greek fret patterns. a) simple fret, b) a compound fret, c) rosetted fret.

Types of Greek Frets

Three types of Greek fret patterns. a) simple fret, b) a compound fret, c) rosetted fret.

Eight examples of Greek anthemion designs.

Anthemion Variations

Eight examples of Greek anthemion designs.

Scroll-Rosette Pattern

Scroll-Rosette Pattern

Scroll-Rosette Pattern

Greek palmettes from a vase.

Greek Motive

Greek palmettes from a vase.

Greek frets: a) simple fret, b) compound fret, c) double fret.

Greek Motive

Greek frets: a) simple fret, b) compound fret, c) double fret.

Greek anthemion motive.

Anthemion Motive

Greek anthemion motive.

Greek anthemion motive.

Anthemion Motive

Greek anthemion motive.

Greek anthemion motive.

Anthemion Motive

Greek anthemion motive.

Greek anthemion motive.

Anthemion Motive

Greek anthemion motive.

Greek anthemion motive.

Anthemion Motive

Greek anthemion motive.

Aryallus.

Greek Vase

Aryallus.

Lekythos--a small slender-necked vase dor perfumes or for votive and funereal uses.

Greek Vase

Lekythos--a small slender-necked vase dor perfumes or for votive and funereal uses.

Rhyton--a drinking horn often shaped like an animal's head.

Greek Vase

Rhyton--a drinking horn often shaped like an animal's head.

Amphora--a tall wine jar with two or three handles.

Greek Vase

Amphora--a tall wine jar with two or three handles.

Amphora--a tall wine jar with two or three handles.

Greek Vase

Amphora--a tall wine jar with two or three handles.

Krater.

Greek Vase

Krater.

Ointment box.

Greek Vase

Ointment box.

Hydria--a wide-mouthed water jar.

Greek Vase

Hydria--a wide-mouthed water jar.

Hydria--a wide-mouthed water jar.

Greek Vase

Hydria--a wide-mouthed water jar.

Kylix--a broad, dish-like vessel.

Greek Vase

Kylix--a broad, dish-like vessel.

Geometric style vase, often called "Dipylon style" or "Dipylon vases" because of the number of vases in thin style found near the Dipylon gate in Athens.

Greek Vase

Geometric style vase, often called "Dipylon style" or "Dipylon vases" because of the number of vases…

Anthemions, black on red

Greek Band Design

Anthemions, black on red

Italo-Greek vase made in Apulia.

Greek Vase

Italo-Greek vase made in Apulia.

Hydria, transitional. Early fifth century.

Greek Vase

Hydria, transitional. Early fifth century.

Dish, geometric style.

Greek Vase

Dish, geometric style.

Hydria, fine period.

Greek Vase

Hydria, fine period.

Palmette, black and brown on red.

Greek Band Design

Palmette, black and brown on red.

Palmette, black and brown on red.

Greek Band Design

Palmette, black and brown on red.

Palmette, black and brown on red.

Greek Band Design

Palmette, black and brown on red.

Oblique anthemions, black on red.

Greek Band Design

Oblique anthemions, black on red.

Vine band, red on black.

Greek Band Design

Vine band, red on black.

Double palmettte band.

Greek Band Design

Double palmettte band.

Ivy band, black on red.

Greek Band Design

Ivy band, black on red.

Framed anthemions.

Greek Band Design

Framed anthemions.

Anthemion pattern from an Apulian vase.

Greek Band Design

Anthemion pattern from an Apulian vase.

Double fret design.

Greek Band Design

Double fret design.

Greek Corinthian volutes.

Capital

Greek Corinthian volutes.

The Roman acanthus constitutes a type, rather than a particular form of leaf. As compared with the Greek type, it is less massive, less pointed, more minutely modeled. It suggests a larger, thinner, more flexible and more complex leaf, with well-developed "eyes" at the bases of the lobes and "pipes" or ribs curving from these to the base of the leaf.

Acanthus Leaves

The Roman acanthus constitutes a type, rather than a particular form of leaf. As compared with the Greek…

Greek Vases made especially to deposit in tombs, and are ornamented with polychrome figures on a white ground.

Athenian Lecythus

Greek Vases made especially to deposit in tombs, and are ornamented with polychrome figures on a white…

An amphora is a Grecian vase with two handles, often seen on medals.

Amphora

An amphora is a Grecian vase with two handles, often seen on medals.

"The Greek word ateles signifies imperfect, and is applied to this genus in allusion to the absence of the thumb on the hands, which characterizes them. The tail, however, by its extraodinary power, abundantly supplies this defect." —Goodrich, 1885

Spider Monkey

"The Greek word ateles signifies imperfect, and is applied to this genus in allusion to the absence…

Greek philosopher. Sketch of a restoration.

Chrysippus

Greek philosopher. Sketch of a restoration.

Greek goddess of health. Daughter of Asklepios and granddaughter of Apollo.

Hygieia

Greek goddess of health. Daughter of Asklepios and granddaughter of Apollo.

Athene conneviens, which derive their name from the Greek goddess of wisdom, supposedly for their meditative air and mysterious habits. They are found throughout the world.

Athene conneviens

Athene conneviens, which derive their name from the Greek goddess of wisdom, supposedly for their meditative…

Athene maculta, which derive their name from the Greek goddess of wisdom, supposedly for their meditative air and mysterious habits. They are found throughout the world.

Athene Maculta

Athene maculta, which derive their name from the Greek goddess of wisdom, supposedly for their meditative…

Shaped like an equalateral triangle or the Greek letter delta.

Deltoid

Shaped like an equalateral triangle or the Greek letter delta.

"In architecture the slab or plinth which forms the upper member of the capital of a column or pillar, and upon which rests, in classic styles, the lower surface of the achitrave."—Wright, 1902

Abacus

"In architecture the slab or plinth which forms the upper member of the capital of a column or pillar,…

"The Greek Fissurella, <em>F. Gr&aelig;ca</em>, is found in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. There are only one hundred and twenty other known species of this genus." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Greek fissurella

"The Greek Fissurella, F. Græca, is found in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean.…

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this stone the same inscription was given in three different sets of characters, -the hieroglyphics, the demotic text (a briefer and more running form of hieroglyphics, commonly used in the papyri or manuscripts), and the Greek. By comparing the letters in certain Greek proper names with the letters of the same words in the Egyptian texts, the sounds for which the Egyptian characters stood were discovered. The Greek text, when translated, showed that the inscription was an ordinance of the priests decreeing certain honors to Ptolemy Epiphanes on the occasion of his coronation, 196 B.C. (Ptolemy Epiphanes was one of a line of Greek sovereigns who ruled over Egypt from the time of its conquest by Alexander in the fourth century, to the first century B.C.) It contains a command that the decree should be inscribed in the sacred letters (hieroglyphics), the letters of the country (demotic), and Greek letters, -and this for the convenience of the mixed population of Egypt under its Greek rulers. It was natural to conclude that the three texts were the same in substance, and accordingly earnest efforts were made to decipher the hieroglyphics by aid of the Greek. The first clew was obtained by noticing that certain groups of the hieroglyphic characters were inclosed in oval rings, and that these groups corresponded in relative position with certain proper names, such as Ptolemy, etc., in the Greek text. The following line presents a few of the characters with a group in the oval ring. (Each word is read from right to left)." —Colby, 1899

Excerpt from the Rosetta Stone

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this…

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this stone the same inscription was given in three different sets of characters, -the hieroglyphics, the demotic text (a briefer and more running form of hieroglyphics, commonly used in the papyri or manuscripts), and the Greek. By comparing the letters in certain Greek proper names with the letters of the same words in the Egyptian texts, the sounds for which the Egyptian characters stood were discovered. This image represents Ptolemy or Ptolemaios." —Colby, 1899

Rosetta Stone Sample

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this…

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this stone the same inscription was given in three different sets of characters, -the hieroglyphics, the demotic text (a briefer and more running form of hieroglyphics, commonly used in the papyri or manuscripts), and the Greek. By comparing the letters in certain Greek proper names with the letters of the same words in the Egyptian texts, the sounds for which the Egyptian characters stood were discovered. This image represents Cleopatra, or Kleopatra." &mdash;Colby, 1899

Rosetta Stone

"In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was found and gave the first key to the reading of hieroglyphics. On this…

Development of the alphabet.

Alphabet

Development of the alphabet.